Ernst Busch (actor)

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Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst Busch (born January 22, 1900 in Kiel , † June 8, 1980 in East Berlin ) was a German singer , actor and director .

Ernst Busch, 1946

Life

Busch was the son of the bricklayer Friedrich Busch and his wife Emma. He completed an apprenticeship as a tool mechanic from 1915 to 1920 and then worked as a shipyard worker. He joined the Socialist Workers' Youth in 1916 and the SPD in 1918 . Under the influence of the Kiel sailors' uprising in 1918 , he had his party book rewritten to the USPD in early 1919 .

In 1920 Busch took acting and singing lessons and was from 1921 to 1924 at the Stadttheater Kiel (Busch made his stage debut on October 8, 1921, as the altar boy in Cavalleria rusticana ), then until 1926 in Frankfurt (Oder) and then at the Pomeranian State Theater in Stettin committed. In 1927 he moved to Berlin, where he was engaged on the Piscator stage and from 1929 lived in the artists' colony . From 1928 he appeared in Berlin at the Volksbühne , the Theater der Arbeiter and the Piscator-Bühne in plays by Friedrich Wolf , Bertolt Brecht and Ernst Toller . In the film adaptation of Georg Wilhelm Pabst's Threepenny Opera , he played the morality singer (with the Mackie knife song).

Movie poster for Kuhle Wampe

From 1929 to 1933 he took part in a dozen films, including the leading role in Slatan Dudow's film Kuhle Wampe or: Who Owns the World? . He was not seen in front of the camera in all films, but mostly heard as a singer.

Busch was after the seizure of power of the NSDAP because of his views on the SA are arrested. Fortunately, he escaped one of the first raids on the artists' colony in Berlin-Wilmersdorf on March 9, 1933. When the SA tried to arrest Busch around 12 noon, no one opened the door, so the SA suspected that Busch had already fled. But Busch was warned and now wanted to leave Germany quickly. He then fled to the Netherlands with his wife, the singer Eva Busch . From there further stations followed: Belgium, Zurich, Paris, Vienna and finally the Soviet Union, where he a. a. worked for Radio Moscow .

In 1935 he worked in the Soviet Union in Gustav von Wangenheim's film Fighters . In 1937 Busch traveled to Spain with the journalist Maria Osten and appeared as a singer in the International Brigades . With his songs Die Thälmann-Kolonne , No pasaran , Bandiera Rossa , he openly expressed himself against fascism. In Spain he published song books (Canciones de las Brigadas Internacionales), recorded records and sang in front of members of the International Brigades and on the radio. Busch left the theater of war in mid-1938 and returned to Belgium. In 1938 he made recordings on Radio Brussels, gave concerts and made records.

With the beginning of the western campaign on May 10, 1940 against the neutral states of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg, he was arrested in Antwerp and deported to the Camp de Gurs internment camp in southern France . He was interned there until the end of 1942, when he managed to escape to the Swiss border. The French border gendarmerie arrested Ernst Busch before crossing the border, handed him over to the Gestapo and in January 1943 he was transferred to the police headquarters in Alexanderplatz via Paris . In March 1943 he was placed in solitary confinement at Moabit Detention Center . The charge against Busch was "preparation for high treason ". On November 22, 1943, he was seriously injured in an Allied air raid on the prison. Through the intervention of lawyers through Gustaf Gründgens , he escaped the death penalty due to his expatriation in April 1937 and his serious head injury, and in 1944 he ultimately received a four-year prison sentence .

Memorial plaque for Ernst Busch at the house at Bonner Strasse 11 in the Wilmersdorf artists' colony
Ernst Busch (far right) on November 30th, 1975 at the congress of the Association of Theater Professionals of the GDR with (from left) Joachim Herrmann , Kurt Hager and Wolfgang Heinz

On April 27, 1945 he was freed from the Brandenburg penitentiary by the Red Army and from there set out for Berlin, which was still contested. In May 1945 he moved back into the house in the artists' colony where he had lived until 1933. In 1949 he and his new partner Margarete Körting moved to Treptow in the eastern part of Berlin, from 1951 the two lived on Heinrich-Mann-Straße in Berlin-Pankow . In 1945 he joined the KPD and in 1946 became a member of the SED.

As an actor he worked at the Berliner Ensemble , the Deutsches Theater and the Volksbühne . In addition to his Brecht roles, he made a contribution to the development of the art of acting in other roles.

Busch was also known as an interpreter of the songs of Hanns Eisler ( The Secret Parade ) and international workers' and socialist propaganda songs . In addition, until 1953 he headed the Schallplatten-GmbH Lied der Zeit , the first and only record company in the SBZ / GDR. Lied der Zeit was the forerunner of VEB Deutsche Schallplatten with the sublabels Eterna and Amiga , which were also created under Busch. In 1956, 1966 and 1979 he received the GDR National Prize . From 1963 to 1975 he recorded around 200 of his songs for the Aurora record label of the German Academy of the Arts . He was a member of the academy.

Grave of Ernst Busch in the Pankow III cemetery

In 1961 he retired from the stage for health reasons. Busch did not publicly criticize the SED's policies, but had various quarrels with officials, including Erich Honecker . In fact, he had not been a party member since 1951 because he had not shown himself to be cooperative during the review process. In 1976, with a declaration in the SED - Central Organ New Germany, he supported the expatriation of the songwriter Wolf Biermann by the SED state. In 1977 the SED offered him a new party book, which Busch accepted.

Busch spent the last few years - increasingly suffering from dementia - in the psychiatry in Bernburg . He died in Berlin. He found his final resting place in the Pankow III cemetery . His grave in Dept. 36-28 / 29 is dedicated to the city of Berlin as an honor grave .

Ernst Busch's estate is kept in the archive of the Academy of the Arts in Berlin.

His son is Ulrich Busch , born in 1964 , investor and initiator of the renovation of the Rügen KdF holiday complex in Prora .

Former Ernst Busch House

Honors

Streets in Berlin-Pankow (since April 29, 1985) and in Werdau in western Saxony as well as a square in his home town of Kiel (since September 2, 2011) are named after Ernst Busch . There is also a speech therapy school in Chemnitz and several choirs, e.g. B. the Ernst Busch Choir Berlin , bear his name.

The Ernst-Busch-Haus on Leonhard-Frank-Straße in Berlin-Pankow was operated as a memorial until August 1992, but then closed and returned to previous owners.

Works

Filmography

Documentaries:

  • 1967: Forward the time! Sketches and songs with Ernst Busch. Director: Karl Gass, (35 min.)
  • 1970: Ernst Busch - worker singer (60 min.)
  • 1979: Never forget how it started. Ernst Busch 1927–1948. Unforgiving memories. Klaus Volkenborn / Karl Siebig / Johann Feindt (92 min.)
  • 1982: Busch sings - Six films about the first half of the 20th century. DEFA, Gruppe 67.Directors: Konrad Wolf , Reiner Bredemeyer, Erwin Burkert, Ludwig Hoffmann, Peter Voigt (320 min.)
  • 2000: I am Ernst Busch. Director: Sebastian Eschenbach and Peter Voigt, speaker: Klaus Löwitsch , (60 min.)

Unfinished film projects:

theatre

Director
actor

Songs

Discography (selection)

Chronicle in songs, cantatas and ballads
  • Quarrel and struggle
  • Red October
  • The roaring twenties
  • Echo from the left
  • Oops, we're alive
  • It's burning
  • Spain 1936–1939
  • To those born later
  • Is that from yesterday
  • Last but not least
  • Subbotnik
Song of Time - original recordings 1946–1953
  • How could we ever forget
  • Away with the rubble
  • Questions from a reading worker
  • You have to take the lead
  • Your dreams run through my song
Original recordings from the 1930s
  • The red Orpheus
  • The barricade deaf
Ernst Busch sings and speaks
  • Brecht: Songs, lieder, poems
  • Tucholsky / Eisler: You don't notice anything!
  • Seaman's songs: An old sea dog swan song
  • Texts by Villon, Lenz and Goethe: Ernst Busch - adored and spat at - Busch
  • Working Class Songs & Songs of the Spanish Civil War
  • Tucholsky, Eisler, Wedekind
  • Ernst Busch sings and speaks Erich Kästner
  • Ernst Busch, 1960 live in Berlin , noble 0014692 BCB. Celebration of his 60th birthday in the Akademie der Künste , Berlin, accompanied by Hanns Eisler and Grigori Schneerson on the piano.
  • Legends, songs and ballads 1914-1934 sung by Ernst Busch, text: Bertolt Brecht (published 1965).

Radio plays

literature

  • Herbert Ihering , Hugo Fetting: Ernst Busch. Henschelverlag, Berlin 1965.
  • Ben Leenders, Bernd Meyer-Rähnitz (ed.): The phonographic Ernst Busch. A discography of his voice and song recordings. Albis International Bibliophilenverlag, Dresden 2005, ISBN 80-86067-39-4 .
  • Carola Schramm, Jürgen Elsner (Ed.): Poetry and Truth. The creation of legends about Ernst Busch. Trafo Verlag, Berlin 2006, ISBN 3-89626-640-3 .
  • Karl Siebig: "I go with the century". Ernst Busch. A documentation. Reinbek, Rowohlt 1980, ISBN 3-499-25149-3 .
  • Karl Siebig, Ludwig Hoffmann: Ernst Busch. A biography in texts, pictures and documents. Henschelverlag, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-362-00103-3 (licensed edition: the European book, West Berlin 1987).
  • Jochen Voit : It touched the sleep of the world. Ernst Busch - The biography. Construction Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-351-02716-2 .
  • Bernd Meyer-Rähnitz, Frank Oehme, Joachim Schütte: The "Eternal Friend" - Eterna and Amiga; The discography of the shellac records (1947–1961) , Albis International Bibliophilen-Verlag, Dresden-Ústí 2006, ISBN 80-86971-10-4
  • Renate Rätz, Bernd-Rainer Barth :  Busch, Ernst . In: Who was who in the GDR? 5th edition. Volume 1. Ch. Links, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4 .
  • Whose world is the world. Ernst Busch in the 21st Century , Ernst Busch Society and edition bodoni, 2013
  • Michel Stermann: Maman Grete. An educator from Germany for concentration camp victim orphans in France and other family portraits . Twentysix Verlag, Norderstedt 2016, 2nd edition 2018, ISBN 978-3-7407-4985-9 .
  • Michel Stermann: “Tuesday I go to the theater” - Ernst Busch - From the shipyard to the stage 1917–1920 . Twentysix Verlag, Norderstedt 2017, ISBN 978-3-74072-668-3 .
  • Kay Less : 'In life, more is taken from you than given ...'. Lexicon of filmmakers who emigrated from Germany and Austria between 1933 and 1945. A general overview. S. 118 f., ACABUS-Verlag, Hamburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86282-049-8

Web links

Commons : Ernst Busch (actor)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ernst Busch - a century of life . ernst-busch.net
  2. ↑ Karl Siebig: "I go with the century": Ernst Busch - a documentation . Rowohlt, 1980, ISBN 978-3-499-25149-8 , p. 13.
  3. ↑ www.ernst-busch.com ( Memento of the original from October 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.ernst-busch.com
  4. ↑ Ernst Busch at filmportal.de
  5. ^ Walter Matthias Diggelmann, Klara Obermüller. GDR: diary of an exploration trip . Benziger Verlag GmbH, 1977. p. 100.
  6. ^ Valentina Choschewa: "VOICE OF RUSSIA celebrates 85th anniversary" . In: “Voice of Russia, October 28, 2014”, accessed October 29, 2014
  7. ↑ Carola Schramm, Jürgen Elsner: Poetry and Truth: the formation of legends around Ernst Busch . Trafo, 2006, ISBN 978-3-89626-592-0 , p. 279.
  8. ↑ Jürgen Elsner (Ed.): Reflecting on Ernst Busch. Six conversations with admirers, friends and colleagues - January 1996 - June 1999. Publisher: Freundeskreis Ernst Busch e. V. Berlin 2000. p. 93
  9. ↑ Wolf Biermann : Don't wait for better times! The autobiography . Propylaen Verlag, Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-549-07473-2 , p. 337.
  10. ↑ Herbert Gebert: Nuremberg author recalls Ernst Busch. In: Nürnberger Zeitung. dated May 26, 2010
  11. ↑ The new Prora , Superillu, September 11, 2017
  12. ↑ Patriotic Order of Merit awarded , In: Neues Deutschland , January 23, 1960, p. 2
  13. ↑ Awards given. Patriotic Order of Merit in Gold for National Prize Winner Ernst Busch , In: Neues Deutschland, March 25, 1965, p. 1
  14. ↑ High honors for deserving citizens. Walter Ulbricht awarded the Karl Marx Order to Ernst Busch , In: Neues Deutschland, February 25, 1970, p. 1
  15. ↑ Frithjof Trapp, Bärbel Schrader, Dieter Wenk, Ingrid Maaß: Biographisches Lexikon der Theaterkünstler , p. 139
  16. ↑ Ernst-Busch-Strasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near  Kaupert )
  17. ↑ ernst-busch.net
  18. ↑ Ingolf Kern: Nobody asks about the "song about the united front". In: Neue Zeit, Berlin, June 7, 1992
  19. ↑ Martin Miersch: "Ernst Busch flies out". In: Junge Welt, Berlin, June 30, 1992
  20. ↑ Review by Perlentaucher . With the famous quote from his wife Eva Busch: "Anyone who has not been to a concentration camp does not know the Germans."
  21. ↑ Review by Stefan Amzoll
  22. ↑ Book announcement
personal data
SURNAME Busch, Ernst
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Busch, Friedrich Wilhelm Ernst (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German singer, actor and director
DATE OF BIRTH January 22, 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH Kiel
DATE OF DEATH June 8, 1980
Place of death East Berlin