Freienohl

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Freienohl
City of Meschede
Coat of arms of Freienohl
Coordinates: 51 ° 22 ′ 30 ″  N , 8 ° 10 ′ 16 ″  E
Height : 254 m above sea level NHN
Residents : 4082  (Dec. 31, 2019)
Incorporation : 1st January 1975
Postal code : 59872
Area code : 02903
View from Küppel (2013)
View from Küppel (2013)

Freienohl is the largest district of Meschede in the North Rhine-Westphalian Hochsauerlandkreis .

The place is located in the upper Ruhr valley on the southern edge of the Arnsberg Forest and until it was incorporated into the city of Meschede, it was known as freedom . On December 31, 2019, Freienohl had 4082 inhabitants.

history

From the Middle Ages to the First World War

Freienohl ("Friggenaul") was first mentioned in a document in 1272 in a copy of the Counts of Arnsberg , which was laid out in the 14th century. The place was referred to here as Vrygenole . In this document, Johann named Blessen was named by Count Gottfried III. accepted as a servant.

Already before - around the 6th century BC. BC - the later area of ​​the place was settled and secured by a hill fort , the Schiedliken Borg . Later, Freienohl belonged to the municipality of Calle. There was only one curate chapel in the village itself . Politically, the place was part of the county of Arnsberg. Count Gottfried IV von Arnsberg raised Freienohl in 1364, out of gratitude for the support of the Freienohlers in the fight against Winterberg, to a freedom according to Lippstadt law. In the 15th century, the freedom of Freienohl was elevated to the third rank of Hanseatic city . In the 16th century the place grew to a size of 45 houses, which however fell again to 38 in the following decades due to the plague and a major fire (1699). On May 29, 1702 the St. Nicholas Rifle Brotherhood in Freienohl was founded, five or 29 years later the first places of worship were built with the cemetery and Plastenberg chapel. On June 24, 1753, the newly built St. Nicholas Parish Church was consecrated.

In 1843, the new Amt Freienohl was formed from the older Amt Freienohl and parts of the dissolved Office Hellefeld. It existed until its dissolution in 1975.

On July 31, 1888, the inauguration of the war memorial for the victims of the war of 1870/1871 took place. The memorial was on the corner of Alter Weg and Düringerstrasse. It was later moved to the front garden of the old office building.

At the end of the 19th century, the club life in Freienohl was still extremely intact today. Since Freienohl was struck again by a major fire in 1893, a volunteer fire brigade was formed .

After the First World War

In 1932, the freedom of Freienohl was awarded the title of climatic health resort (no longer given). At the beginning of the 1930s there were around 500 unemployed in the community, around 90% of the workforce. The last free elections took place in November 1932, of 1277 valid votes, 220 for the KPD and 192 for the NSDAP . After the National Socialists came to power, an emergency ordinance was issued that allowed restrictions on personal freedom, such as the right of association and assembly. After several other enactments, the Municipal Constitutional Law of December 15, 1933 came, according to which the new municipal representatives were no longer elected, but determined by the NSDAP. The community council no longer had a decision-making function, but only an advisory one. The mayor Hermann Horn was removed from office because of his unreliability , he was replaced by the mayor Michels, who died in 1940 in Orléans as a result of a gunshot wound. In 1939 Michels had planned to dissolve the Freienohl office and to integrate it with parts of the remaining Hüsten office into an Arnsberg-Land office. The plans were later abandoned. The late Michels was replaced by an officer who was seconded by Warstein, who was replaced in March 1945 because he had not taken part in the Volkssturm's swearing-in ceremony and because he was using his company car for private purposes. The new mayor named Hahne was appointed on March 16, 1945. He was confirmed by the Americans and remained in office until 1953, later with the title of community director. The National Socialist terror showed itself in a wave of arrests on February 28, 1933. The Reichstag fire was the pretext to arrest six local KPD members and opponents of the regime. Organized resistance from among the population is not known. According to a Führer decree of September 25, 1944, the Volkssturm Battalion Freienohl-Oeventrop , which had previously been founded, was sworn in on January 28 ; This unit was a member of the Sauerland Freikorps. On April 11, 1945, after minor skirmishes with German soldiers, Freienohl was captured by American troops, and they advanced into the town at around eleven o'clock. Many residents had white sheets hung in the windows. After the search was immediately arranged, weapons were found and the German soldiers were taken prisoner. The Americans withdrew in June 1945, they were replaced by the 56th British Division. During the Second World War the supply situation deteriorated significantly, but because of the ration cards first issued in 1939 , the situation was not as dramatic as in the First World War turnip winter . The place was largely spared from war damage caused by bombing or shelling. A memorial for the fallen of the First World War was erected in 1933 near Brunnenstrasse and later moved to a green area.

After the Second World War

Panorama Freienohl April 2011

After the Second World War, the supply situation was difficult and allocations were scarce. Residents of the place were ordered to clean up in the destroyed cities of the Ruhr area . From June 21, 1945, the British Detachment 919 was established, the command was Lieutenant Colonel John Swayne. In 1947 British civil authorities took over the tasks of military administration, civil administrator was John Swayne. In July 1945, around 80 Russian citizens took up quarters in the village, their task being to repatriate Russian forced laborers and prisoners . The municipality was responsible for the generous supply of natural produce. This action ended on October 23, 1945. The place was largely spared from the looting, assaults and homicides by former forced laborers that had occurred in other villages.

The first transports with displaced persons arrived in April 1946. Most of them came from Silesia, Waldenburgerland, Upper Silesia and the County of Glatz. In the years that followed, transports arrived from the Sudetenland and Pomerania, as well as from East and West Prussia. The administration took over the local administration of Freienohl. In the 1950s, the associations of expellees founded an official advisory board to provide advice to the administration. According to traditional documents, over 400 displaced persons were resident in the village. This resulted in a serious housing shortage, in emergency shelters up to six people were sometimes accommodated in one room. In 1952 the construction of settlement houses began below the cemetery. A number of farmers made building land available for arable land in an exchange process. In addition, four double houses with a total of 24 residential units were built. The settlement society Rote Erde built 12 houses with arable land for sideline use so as not to completely alienate displaced farmers from their former occupation. Some farms were relocated from the center, their management in the center and the busy main road made the connection to the fields difficult. Since the place was largely preserved during the war, the influx of traders increased afterwards. The cloth factory Goblet und Sohn was set up in the former rifle hall and several other companies moved from the destroyed cities of the Ruhr area and settled here. The motive of supplying the workforce with food also played a role. A number of companies, mainly from the construction industry, had to be refused settlement due to a lack of space. In addition, due to an order by the regional president in Arnsberg, the nature of the health resort as a recreational area had to be preserved. An important branch of industry was the wood industry with three sawmills.

On January 1, 1975, the new city of Meschede was formed from the independent municipality of Freienohl together with Calle, Eversberg, Grevenstein, Meschede, Meschede-Land , Remblinghausen and Visbeck as part of the municipal reorganization .

Religions

Jewish population

At the beginning of the 19th century, some Jewish families took the convenient location of the place as an opportunity to settle here. According to the information in the birth register from 1837 to 1875, Jewish butchers, shopkeepers, merchants and others were registered. The Jewish inhabitants were assigned to the Arnsberg synagogue district in 1854. At the time of National Socialism, five Jewish families lived in the village, some of whose members were arrested and taken to camps. A large part emigrated.

Churches

Parish Church of St. Nicholas

Parish Church of St. Nicholas

Presumably, the origins of the parish go back to the establishment of freedom in the 14th century, the parish was mentioned in a document in 1375. Above the main street was the Langenhof, on the bottom of which there used to be an early measurement vicaria of our dear wife , a convent community for women that was independent of the local pastor. The prayer house of this community probably stood where the parish church is today. The Nikolaus congregation was elevated to a parish in the 14th century, the monastery community of our dear lady no longer existed after 1545 and so their rights and possessions were transferred to the parish. The monastery church was converted into a parish church, next to the nave there was a so-called prayer choir, which was used by the sisters. The existence of three altars is documented, namely the Nikolaus Altar (main altar) and two side altars, which were consecrated to Saints Mary and Anthony. The current parish church was built between 1751 and 1752 as a single-nave building. Since the population increased rapidly after a while, the church became too small. The choir and the eastern half of the nave were demolished and expanded in a cross shape. This is how the aisles were created. From 1956 to 1957 the sacristy on the south side was enlarged.

The high altar was consecrated to Nicholas; Franz Xaver and Johannes Evangelist were patrons . The altar of Mary was also under the patronage of Saints Agatha and Lucia, the Joseph altar had the patrons Antonous of Padaua, as well as Sebastian and Fabian.

Evangelical chapel on Plastenberg

According to the principle of the Augsburg Religious Peace of 1555, only Catholic Christians lived in the Sauerland. The area belonged to the Sauerland in the Electorate of Cologne. The archbishops of Cologne were both ecclesiastical and secular rulers.

In 1803 the Duchy of Westphalia passed to the Landgraves of Hesse-Darmstadt. From there, Protestant officials, servants, craftsmen, etc. came to the Sauerland. In 1814 in Freienohl it was known that there were two evangelical believers; around 1900 there were around 40. They attended the services in the small church of the evangelical community of Oeventrop, today's Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Kirche . The kitchen of the Schützenhalle then served the Protestant Christians as the first room for worship directly in Freienohl. Later, a room in the old school was used for church services. The congregation was looked after by a preacher from Oeventrop, which belonged to the mother congregation in Arnsberg.

After the Second World War, a number of new citizens with evangelical faith settled in the area as part of the refugee movements. Initially, the dance hall of a hotel served as the worship room before a room was made available by the Catholic community. The number of members of the evangelical congregation had grown to around 400 in 1954, and so the desire to build their own house of worship was expressed.

Kreuzkapelle

According to initial plans, the chapel on Graf-Gottfried-Strasse was to be built, but the church state authorities rejected these plans. With the support of the local administration, a piece of land was then bought on the banks of the Ruhr, on Plastenberg, on which the Kreuzkapelle was to be built. The architect of the chapel was the a. D. Walter Kuschel from Hagen. The foundation stone was laid on July 29, 1956, and the Kreuzkapelle was inaugurated on December 22, 1957 by Oberkirchenrat Rahe from Bielefeld.

Above the altar hangs a remarkable cross with a life-size body, which was created by Eberhard Viegener , an artist from Belecke. The pulpit was built by the craftsmen Zacharias and Weber from Freienohl and provided with carved images depicting the history of salvation .

politics

District committee, administrative office

Old office building

Until December 31, 1974, Freienohl was an independent municipality and became part of the new town of Meschede in the course of the North Rhine-Westphalian regional reform in 1975 , within which it has retained its role as a secondary center. Freienohl is politically represented by a 23-member district committee. Its chairman has been Heinz-Jürgen Lipke since 2014. In Freienohl there is a local association of the SPD and a local association of the CDU Freienohl. An administrative office of the city of Meschede can be found in the old office building.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the former Freiheit Freienohl Blazon :

In blue a silver symbol in the form of the letter "S" with small golden leaves at the ends and the upper curve.

Description:

The first surviving seal dates back to 1518. It shows two crooked fish that have bitten their heads. Since the fish in the seal were no longer easy to recognize, a “red S on a blue background” was added to the Arnsberg coat of arms collection in 1700. Official approval took place on June 26, 1911.

Culture and sights

The Küppelturm

See also: List of monuments in the city of Meschede

  • The highest point is the 413 meter high Küppel . From its lookout tower Küppelturm (25 meters) there is a view of the surrounding villages and the wooded area.
  • Freienohl is the starting point for numerous hiking trails in and around the Arnsberg Forest. There are several dams in the immediate vicinity of the village. The old office building, the old cemetery, the memorials in the park, the churches and chapels are all worth seeing in Freienohl. The community is located on the Ruhrtalweg , a district hiking trail of the Sauerland Mountain Association , and on the RuhrtalRadweg .

Economy and Infrastructure

societies

  • The cultural center of Freienohl is the shooting hall of the St. Nicholas shooting brotherhood, where the shooting festival takes place every year on the second weekend in July, along with numerous other events. The three rifle companies divide the place geographically among themselves, but the respective membership is not determined by the respective place of residence of the members, but by their understanding of belonging and sympathy towards the individual clubs.
  • The club life of the individual companies (1st, 2nd and 3rd company) is very active throughout the year, the respective company places are available to the other local clubs or private individuals for non-shooting events.
  • Musically, the local life is made up of the “Women's Choir Harmonie”, the men's choir “Cäcilia 1895”, which has the title concert choir for the years 2010 to 2013, and its vocal ensemble “Quartett Plus”, the “MGV 1847 Liedertafel” (both master choirs in the NRW Choir Association 2015 ), the Musikverein and the drum corps of the Kolping Family. On February 27, 2011, after about a year of renovation, the "House of Music" was opened in the former rooms of the sister house of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus von Hiltrup, which is available to the drum corps of the Kolping Family and the Musikverein Freienohl as a rehearsal house.
  • In addition, numerous clubs from the “Angelverein Äsche” to a motorsport club, the “Tractor and Oldtimer Club Küppeloldies”, the sports club “TuRa Freienohl” with all its associated sports departments and the Catholic women's community offer various leisure activities.
  • Kolping youth in Freienohl
  • Voluntary fire brigade Meschede fire engine Freienohl
  • Musikverein Freienohl
  • Tambourcorp Freienohl
  • Cäcilia men's choir
  • Men's choral society Liedertafel
  • Association for shooting sports with short and long guns Freienohl eV

Schools, kindergartens and sports facilities

In Freienohl there are two kindergartens, a primary and a secondary school. Secondary schools can be found in the district town of Meschede or in Arnsberg, which is just as close . In addition, the place has a sports hall, tennis facilities, two sports fields, including a grass field since September 2009, and an indoor swimming pool which has been operated by a non-profit association since March 2007.

  • School lessons were held in the old town hall until 1852, then the building was demolished and a new school building was erected at this point. It consisted of two classrooms and an apartment for the teacher. The town hall room for the administration was moved to a room in the restaurant at the post office. In the now two-class school, around 180 pupils were looked after by two teachers. A teacher was elected by the house owners, who were granted the right to fill the organist and first teaching position in 1838 by the Higher Regional Court in Arnsberg, against the will of the government and the municipal administration in 1838. The homeowners exercised their rights for the last time in 1902. The school, which grew to 240 students in 1870, made a new building urgently necessary, which was inaugurated in 1878. This building too soon became too small and another new building was erected on the main street. School operations after the Second World War resumed in 1945 and in 1953 the teacher's apartment in the school building was converted into a classroom. In order to be able to build a new school building again, the Flinkerbusch farm relocated. The foundation stone for the first phase of construction was laid in 1955 on the property between the new rifle hall and the old cemetery, and it was completed in October 1956. The school had four large classrooms. A second construction phase for six more classrooms and function rooms began in 1958, the inauguration took place in April 1959. The third construction phase was completed in 1966. In September 1966 - eleven years after the start of the first phase of construction - the third and last phase of construction was completed for the 511 students now present.

Transport links

Through town

In terms of traffic, Freienohl is accessible via the BAB 46 (own exit), the L541 (former B 7 ) and the Upper Ruhr Valley Railway Hagen / Dortmund – Warburg (-Kassel). The railway line runs in the 650 m long Freienohler tunnel under the town center.

Parish partnership

Since April 13, 1971, Freienohl has had a partnership with the northern French community of Cousolre .

Sons and daughters of the community of Freienohl

See also: List of personalities in the city of Meschede

literature

  • Westphalian city atlas ; Volume: V; 3 part band. On behalf of the Historical Commission for Westphalia and with the support of the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe, ed. by Heinz Stoob and Wilfried Ehbrecht. City map of Freienohl, author: Manfred Wolf. ISBN 3-89115-140-3 ; Dortmund-Altenbeken, 1996.
  • Franz Feldmann, Heinrich Pasternak: Parish Church of St. Nikolaus Freienohl. 1753-2003, 250 years. Freienohl 2003
  • Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272–1975, Meschede 1985

Web links

Commons : Freienohl  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. The population statistics of the district and university town of Meschede (PDF), accessed on April 6, 2020
  2. ^ Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272–1975, Meschede 1985, page 15
  3. ^ Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272-1975, Meschede 1985, page 213
  4. ^ Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272-1975, Meschede 1985 page 207
  5. ^ Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272–1975, Meschede 1985, page 208
  6. ^ Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272–1975, Meschede 1985, page 222
  7. Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272–1975, Meschede 1985, pages 208 and 209
  8. ^ Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272-1975, Meschede 1985 page 212
  9. ^ Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272-1975, Meschede 1985, page 213
  10. ^ Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272-1975, Meschede 1985, pages 224 and 225
  11. Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272-1975, Meschede 1985, page 225
  12. ^ Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272–1975, Meschede 1985, page 230
  13. ^ Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272–1975, Meschede 1985, pages 226 to 228
  14. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 335 .
  15. Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272-1975, Meschede 1985, pages 211 and 212
  16. Pages of the Nikolausgemeinde
  17. ^ Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272-1975, Meschede 1985, page 191
  18. Kreuzkapelle  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.meschede.de  
  19. Architect of the Kreuzkapelle
  20. ^ Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272-1975, Meschede 1985, page 191
  21. Inauguration of the Kreuzkapelle  ( page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.meschede.de  
  22. Cross and pulpit
  23. ^ Citizen information system of the city of Meschede , accessed on July 15, 2010
  24. ^ Eduard Belke, Alfred Bruns, Helmut Müller: Kommunale Wappen des Herzogtums Westfalen, Arnsberg 1986, p. 148 ISBN 3-87793-017-4
  25. Reference to the Kolping Youth
  26. Voluntary fire brigade
  27. Musikverein
  28. ^ Tambour Corps
  29. ^ Cäcilia men's choir
  30. [1]
  31. Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272-1975, Meschede 1985, page 193
  32. Wolf, Manfred: Freiheit Freienohl 1272-1975, Meschede 1985, pages 193 and 194
  33. ^ Construction of the Nicolai School