Gresgen
|
Gresgen
City of Zell im Wiesental
|
|
|---|---|
 |
|
| Height : | 699 m |
| Area : | 7.06 km² |
| Residents : | 480 |
| Population density : | 68 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st October 1974 |
| Postal code : | 79669 |
| Area code : | 07625 |
 Location Gresgens in the urban area of Zells and with the surrounding communities
|
|
Gresgen ( Alemannic Gräsge ) is a district of the city of Zell im Wiesental in the district of Loerrach in Baden-Württemberg . The municipality, which was independent until 1974, has around 480 inhabitants. Its center is about 2.5 km west of the city center of Zell. The 706 hectare district of Gresgen extends in north-south direction on the ridge between the valleys of the meadow and the small meadow. Gresgen was first mentioned in a document in 1113 and, in contrast to all other districts and districts of Zell, belonged to the Protestant margraviate of Baden-Durlach and not to Catholic Austria .
geography
Geographical location
Gresgen is the westernmost district of the city of Zell im Wiesental and is located on a plateau in the mountainous region that separates the Obere Wiesental from the valley of the Kleiner Wiese , and thus in the south of the Southern Black Forest Nature Park . The town center lies at 708 m , the district also includes the 777 m high Rümmelesbühl and other elevations that extend up to almost 1000 m .
Gresgen bordered to the west by the district Tegernau the municipality Kleines Wiesental , in the south on the Schopfheimer district Enkenstein , the south and east of Hausen im Wiesental , in the east of the main town Zell, in the northeast on the Zeller district Adelberg and to the north by Elbenschwand ( Small Wiesental community). At the same time, the main road through Gresgen forms a pass between the Kleiner and Großer Wiesental.
Geology and climate
The place is in the area of the watershed between the meadow and its tributary, the Kleiner Wiese. The underground of Gresgen is built up with carbonic igneous rocks , whereby Malsburg granite dominates (see also the geology of the city of Zell ). The populated area is characterized by extensive hull areas that emerged in the Paleozoic era , which allowed the creation of larger fields and thus favored early settlement. The glaciers of the Riss Ice Age continued to shape the landscape : at the transition between the Kleinem and Oberen Wiesental there was a transfluence of the glaciers, which is why there are large amounts of debris , especially in Gresgen and the neighboring Adelsberg .
The difference in altitude of around 300 meters compared to Zell is noticeable in terms of climate . In mountain towns like Gresgen, for example, the apple blossom doesn't usually begin until mid-May, around a week and a half later than in the valley. The amount of precipitation is also higher than in the core city of Zell, the average temperatures are slightly lower.
Natural landscape
There are two natural monuments in the Gresger district, the Rümmelesbühl hilltop and a willow beech in the alder soil .
history
Gresgen was first mentioned in a document from April 7, 1113, when the noble Walcho von Waldeck gave his property to the St. Blasien monastery and named the village of Greskon . At that time Gresgen had probably been settled for a long time. The place name, probably derived from Grasinchoven, suggests a settlement in the 9th or 10th century. The settlement probably took place around the same time as in Wieslet and Tegernau.
In the 13th century there were further documented mentions, mostly in favor of the St. Blasien monastery. On August 11, 1260 Ulrich von Kienberg and his sons Hartmann and Heinrich sold their property near Gresgen ("Graissichon") and around Schönau to the St. Blasien monastery. The first documentary mention of a church in Gresgen was on December 20, 1267, when the Wettingen monastery sold part of its properties, but reserved the rights to the church in Gresgen ("Creschen"), among other things. In 1278 Dietrich and Adelheid von Rotenberg, a side line of the Lords of Rötteln , donated their property to the St. Blasien monastery. Two farms in Graeslingen were also mentioned , which could also mean Gresgen.
The patronage of the Wettingen monastery over the Gresger Church ended when the parish Höllstein with its branches in Northern Swabia and Gresgen also came to the St. Blasien monastery, which must have happened before 1307. Around the same time there was a noble family who named themselves after the town of Gressekon , but only appeared in documents between 1289 and 1305.
The monastery St. Blaise and especially its provost Weitenau thus became a major landowner in Gresgen. According to the Weitenauer land registry of 1344, the provost's office had given Jauchert a fiefdom 151 , and there was also an interest yard of unknown but considerable size. The Bailiwick of the Propstei Weitenau had been with the Margraves of Hachberg since 1361 at the latest .
After the Hachbergs died out in 1503, sovereignty over the Weitenau areas and thus also Gresgen came to the margraves of Baden . From the middle of the 16th century at the latest, Gresgen belonged to the bailiwick of neighboring Tegernau and was administered from there. When the Baden inheritance was divided in 1535, Gresgen came to Baden-Durlach , whose margrave Charles II introduced the Reformation in 1556 . This initially aroused resistance in Gresgen: Part of the population refused to attend the Protestant services in Tegernau and preferred to go to church in the neighboring, Habsburg- Front-Austrian and thus Catholic cell. This only changed after severe threats of punishment by the margrave.
In 1695, a winter school was first recorded in Gresgen, which was initially a branch of the school in Tegernau. In 1712 some repairs were made to the Gresger Church, but by 1763 it was again so dilapidated that a new building was necessary. Another redesign took place in 1790. In 1770 a first inn was set up in the village and in 1784 the second, the still existing Löwen, followed .
Around 1700 Gresgen was given its own bailiff , and half a century later a staff holder . To enforce the penalties pronounced by the staff holder, a “town house” was built in 1795.
With the Peace of Pressburg , Upper Austria fell to Baden, which in 1806 became a Grand Duchy . As a result, the border location Gresgens between Baden and Austria no longer existed. In the decades that followed, the textile industry flourished in the Wiesental and above all in Zell. However, this was limited to the communities located on the watercourses in the valley (in addition to Zell, for example, Hausen, Atzenbach or Rohmatt located on the Angenbach ), higher-lying places such as Gresgen continued to be strongly agricultural. However, numerous residents of Gresgen found work in the cellular spinning and weaving mills. The Sparkasse Zell was founded in Zell in 1898 (today Sparkasse Schopfheim-Zell ). Gresgen joined her in 1928 and became a guarantor municipality. A first paying office was set up in 1973 on the upper floor of the Grès town hall, a few years later the basement was converted into a complete branch.
Towards the end of the Second World War , French troops marched through Gresgen and from there to Zell, which was occupied on April 25, 1945. The French were subsequently also the occupying power in southern Baden .
In 1954, the clubs jointly built a festival hall for sporting, cultural and family events. The new school building followed in 1968. On October 1, 1974, Gresgen was incorporated into Zell im Wiesental as part of the administrative reform of Baden-Württemberg. In 1980/81 the Protestant village church was renovated and in 1999 the festival hall, which had become too small, was replaced by a new civic center as a multi-purpose hall. It also houses the local administration, the fire department and a slaughter room. The Sparkasse also moved its branch there. In 2006 the Zeller Bergland Nordic Walking Center was inaugurated with a total length of 29.4 kilometers, a large part of which is located in the Gresger district.
Population and religion
population
The increase in population in the 18th century also increased the number of houses from 32 in 1752 to 46 in 1813.
The number of residents of Gresgen developed as follows:
|
|
religion
As part of the margraviate of Baden-Durlach, Gresgen became Protestant. Since, unlike in Zell or Hausen, no industrial workers moved in, it stayed that way. In 1895 the proportion of Catholics was only 3% of the population.
The pastoral connection to Tegernau that existed before the Reformation was retained, Gresgen belongs to the Evangelical Church Community of Neuenweg, Tegernau and Wies. This is part of the Schopfheim region in the Markgräflerland Evangelical Church District of the Evangelical Church in Baden .
In the past, membership in religious communities was distributed as follows:
| Religious affiliation in Gresgen | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| year | religion | ||
| evangelical | Catholic | other | |
| 1858 | 98.7% | 1.3% | 0% |
| 1925 | 97.0% | 0.3% | 2.8% |
| 1950 | 95.9% | 3.0% | 1.0% |
| 1961 | 91.5% | 6.1% | 2.4% |
| 1970 | 93.9% | 4.2% | 1.9% |
dialect
In Gresgen, as in the rest of the Wiesental, southern or high Alemannic is spoken with the characteristic sound shift from k to ch ( Chuchichäschtli ). However, the Wiesentäler dialect is not homogeneous; Pronunciation and vocabulary differ from place to place. There are several differences, especially on the former border between Upper Austria and Altbaden, so that the dialect spoken in Gresgen differs somewhat from the dialect spoken in the other parts of Zell. An example of this is the different pronunciation of the initial sound in ash and the vowel in bacon : In Gresgen and to the west of it, i.e. in the historically old Baden region, this sound is pronounced light, between ̜e and a. To the east of it the pronunciation is ̜e . A literary example of the Wiesentäler dialect are Johann Peter Hebel's Allemannische Gedichte . In the poem Die Vergänlichkeit , in which a father tells his son about the transience of the world and dying, Gresgen is also mentioned:
“Yeah, it's not different, lie me, like d'witt.
De bisch no iung; närsch, i bi au so gsi,
iez would mer differenterst, 's age,' s age chunnt,
and woni gang, go Gresgen or Wies,
in field and forest, go Basel or home,
's ish oneley, i gang in the Chilchhof to, - "
“Yes, it's no different, look at me how you want. You're still young and immature, I was like that too,
now it's going to be different for me, old age, old age is coming.
And wherever I go, to Gresgen or Wies ,
in fields and forests, to Basel or home,
it doesn't matter, I go to the cemetery, "
politics
Locality
As part of the Baden-Württemberg administrative reform, Gresgen became a district of the city of Zell im Wiesental on October 1, 1974, with its own local constitution. Among other things, this provides for a six-member local council headed by the local councilor.
elections
Zell and thus Gresgen belongs to the Bundestag constituency 282 Lörrach-Müllheim and the state constituency 58 Lörrach .
Historically, the difference between the Protestant Gresgen and the Catholic districts of Zell is also evident in terms of voting behavior: While the Center Party predominated in the latter, the National Liberals won all the votes in Gresgen between 1877 and 1887. The Liberal People's Party achieved a respectable success in 1890 with 7.6%, from the beginning of the 19th century the Social Democrats also became an important factor, who were able to increase their share to around a third of the votes cast by 1912 and after the First World War with over 62% were clearly the strongest political force in town. In the 1930s, the SPD was replaced by the National Socialists , who won 50 out of 107 votes in November 1932 and 114 out of 191 votes in March 1933. The SPD's share of the vote in these elections had fallen to around 25 and 15%, respectively, which put it behind the Communists (17%) in 1933 .
After the Second World War , the SPD returned to its leading role, but in contrast to the earlier center, the CDU was also able to gain a foothold in the town.
coat of arms
The Gresger coat of arms shows three (2: 1) overturned plowshares in confused colors in a shield divided by red and gold (the state colors of Baden ) .
Culture and sights
Site and buildings
Gresgen is a street village , the settlement of which has predominantly formed north of the thoroughfare, Landstrasse 140.
At the western entrance to the village is the community center, which was built in 1999 and serves both the local council and the fire department. In addition to a small shop, a multi-purpose hall is attached. The multi-part building and the hall with extensive green roofs are embedded in a slight hillside location and are therefore optically integrated into the surroundings.
The Evangelical Church to the north of the town center was built in 1764 according to plans by Wilhelm Jeremias Müller . The small village church is decorated with richly painted ornamentation on the gallery and wooden ceiling.
Clubs and sports
Gresgen has a very extensive and active club life.
The choral society was founded as early as 1864 and has existed since then, with short interruptions during the First World War and the occupation, and maintains the typical songs of southern Baden. From 1886 to 1904 women also sang in the choir, since then it has been a men's choir again. In addition to the choral society, there is also a brass band, the Gresgen Music Society . The "Beautification Association", founded in 1908, takes care of the maintenance of the landscape, the preservation and beautification of hiking trails, viewpoints and shelters. The "Landscape Management Association" was founded in the 1970s and supports farmers in maintaining the landscape in the Zeller Bergland. A rural women’s association has also existed since 1970.
The Gresgen fool's guild takes part in the Zell Carnival as the “Old Baden Bailiff ” , since 1994 with its own rabbit group , the “Gresger Fuhrmanne”. In addition to taking part in the Zell Carnival, carnival events are also organized in Gresgen. According to Protestant history , the Gresger Fasnacht, which includes a guild evening, a shirt- glunk parade , a masked ball, the sale of a ridiculous newspaper and a window fire , is held a week later as Buurefastnacht .
The range of sports on offer is largely shaped by the Gresgen sports club, which was founded in 1925. In addition to children's gymnastics and lawn strength sports , the focus is primarily on wrestling . The latter is also financially supported by a development association. The venue for the competition is the Gresgen community center. There is also a sports field below the Rümmelesbühl. The mountainous region around Gresgen is accessible through several hiking trails, the already mentioned Zeller Bergland Nordic Walking Center and a cross-country ski run .
Entrance to the town, behind the old town hall
Civic Center
View from the cemetery over the town
Orchard
Signpost for hiking trails
Dirt road
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
Gresgen is traditionally characterized by agriculture and forestry . In contrast to other surrounding suburbs, where permanent grassland was mainly cultivated for cattle breeding , spelled and rye also played an important role in Gresgen , so that until the 1930s, arable farming predominated over cattle farming. In the second half of the 19th century in particular, cattle farming grew strongly, with the number of cattle in the village increasing from around 140 head of cattle in 1766/67 to 277 in 1855 and 415 in 1913. In 1855 there was also a herd of 333 sheep However, sheep farming was later given up and only exists on a small scale. In 1987 there were still 40 farmers in Gresgen, the majority of whom were part-time jobs. In 1971 the agriculturally cultivated area still comprised 235 hectares and thus around a third of the municipal area.
In contrast to other surrounding places, the land ownership of the municipality of Gresgen was rather small; This is due to the fact that in the 18th century the citizens had enforced that the fallow fields should not be used as common land , but as peasant property.
In addition to agriculture, the extensive forest also offered good sources of income for citizens and communities. In particular, the ironworks in neighboring Hausen, which existed from the 17th to the 19th centuries, required a constant supply of wood, which led to the community forest being completely cut down in 1688.
Along with the development of agriculture, isolated handicraft businesses also emerged in Gresgen, some of which were operated as a sideline with agriculture and were often closely related to it. In contrast to the valley towns such as Hausen, Zell and Atzenbach, craft and trade always played a subordinate role.
In addition, Gresgen is a state-recognized resort , which is why the hospitality industry in the place is of certain importance.
traffic
The place can be reached on the one hand via the country road 140, which leads from the city of Zell via the Adelsberg district to Gresgen and from there to Tegernau. The place thus also forms a pass crossing between the Großer and Kleiner Wiesental. In Tegernau there is a connection to Landstrasse 139, which leads through the Kleine Wiesental . There is also a road connection from Gresgen to Hausen im Wiesental , which connects to the 6348 district road. In Hausen and Zell there is also a connection to the federal highway 317 . The nearest train stations are in Hausen- Raitbach and Zell, both on the Wiesentalbahn . There is also a bus stop by the former town hall of Gresg.
school
A school in Gresgen has been mentioned in a document since 1695. Until 1968 it was located opposite the Grès town hall, but has since moved into a more modern building, which was expanded in 1996. Since 1975 it has been a primary school which, in addition to Gresgen, is also responsible for the neighboring district of Adelsberg and the hamlet of Blauen, which belongs to Adelsberg . Secondary schools are located in Zell (secondary and secondary school), Schopfheim ( Theodor-Heuss-Gymnasium ) and Schönau ( Schönau Gymnasium ).
Personalities
Fritz Eiche was born in Gresgen in 1902. The trade union secretary was a member of the Baden state parliament from 1947 to 1951 for the KPD , and in the federal elections in 1949 and 1953 he was also a direct communist candidate for what was then constituency 185 (Lörrach).
literature
- Johann Wilhelm Braun (edit.): Document book of the monastery Sankt Blasien in the Black Forest. From the beginning up to the year 1299. Part I: Edition , Part II: Introduction, directories, registers. Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-17-017985-3 (= publications by the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Series A, Sources; Volume 23).
- Hans Fräulin: New history of the city of Zell im Wiesental. 1999, ISBN 3-932738-13-6 .
- Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg, district Lörrach (ed.): The district Lörrach. Volume I: Aitern to Inzlingen. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1993, ISBN 3-7995-1353-1
- Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg, district Lörrach (ed.): The district Lörrach. Volume II: Kandern to Zell im Wiesental. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1994, ISBN 3-7995-1354-X .
Web links
- The district of Gresgen on the website of the city of Zell iW
- Regional information system for Baden-Württemberg (LeoBW): Gresgen - archive material
Remarks
- ^ Loerrach district. Volume II, p. 893.
- ^ Regional Council Freiburg / State Office for Geology, Raw Materials and Mining: Raw Materials Report Baden-Württemberg 2006 - Extraction, Consumption and Safeguarding of Mineral Raw Materials , Freiburg i. Br., S. 32. Available online on the regional council's website ( Memento of the original from April 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ^ Loerrach district. Volume II, pp. 884-887.
- ↑ Data evaluation sheets for END 83361030003 and FND 83361030006, accessed on June 16, 2012 from the data and map service ( Memento of the original from April 19, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. the state environmental authority of Baden-Württemberg.
- ↑ The actual document is no longer available today, there are only copies of a German translation; for this see, among others, the magazine for the history of the Upper Rhine , Volume 2, 1851, p. 194 ( google books ) or the document book St. Blasien, certificate no. 95.
- ^ Loerrach district. Volume II, p. 921.
- ^ Hugo Ott : Studies on the late medieval agricultural constitution in the Upper Rhine region , Stuttgart, 1970, p. 165.
- ↑ St. Blasien document book, document number 411.
- ^ Rudolf Wackernagel , Rudolf Thommen : Document book of the city of Basel. Volume 1, Basel, 1890, Certificate No. 495; ( archive.org ).
- ↑ St. Blasien document book, certificate no. 531; for the assignment and its controversy see note 2 there.
- ^ Loerrach district. Volume II p. 923.
- ^ Loerrach district. Volume II, p. 922; for the mention of 1289, see Joseph Dambacher: Documents on the history of the Counts of Freiburg (supplements to the 13th century. Continuation). In: Journal for the history of the Upper Rhine . Volume 11, 1860, p. 379 f. ( google books ).
- ^ Hugo Ott : Studies on the late medieval agricultural constitution in the Upper Rhine region , Stuttgart, 1970, pp. 163–166.
- ↑ Michael Buhlmann, Benedictine monasticism in the medieval Black Forest (= Vertex Alemanniae, issue 10 / 1–2), St. Georgen 2004, online at michael-buhlmann.de .
- ^ Loerrach district. Volume II, p. 922.
- ↑ Fräulin: New History of the City of Zell. P. 270, Lörrach district, Volume II, p. 923.
- ^ Loerrach district. Volume II, p. 923.
- ^ Loerrach district. Volume II, p. 924; Miss: New history of the city of Zell. P. 271.
- ^ Loerrach district. Volume II, p. 922 f.
- ↑ Fräulin: New History of the City of Zell. P. 304.
- ↑ Fräulin: New History of the City of Zell. P. 360.
- ↑ Fräulin: New History of the City of Zell. P. 180.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 521 .
- ↑ Fräulin: New History of the City of Zell. P. 270 f.
- ↑ Badische Zeitung from September 18, 2006: Nordic Walking Center Zeller Bergland officially opened , quoted on Freiburg-Schwarzwald.de , route map ( memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and still Not checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Nordic Walking Center Zeller Bergland.
- ↑ For 1720, 1813 Lörrach district. Volume II, pp. 921 and 923.
- ↑ For 1852–1970: Population development: Gresgen , last accessed on May 9, 2019
- ^ For 1990: Lörrach district. Volume II, p. 884.
- ↑ a b For 2017: The district of Gresgen on the website of the city of Zell iW
- ^ Loerrach district. Volume II, p. 898.
- ↑ Ev. Parishes Neuweg, Tegernau and Wies ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of the Ev. Markgräflerland church district.
- ↑ Religious affiliation 1858 and 1925: Gresgen , last accessed on May 9, 2019
- ↑ Religion: Gresgen , last accessed on May 9, 2019
- ↑ Fräulin: New History of the City of Zell. P. 423.
- ^ Loerrach district. Volume I, p. 281 f.
- ↑ see also the distribution map on noth.net .
- ↑ For the whole poem see Hebels poems on the website of the community Hausen im Wiesental.
- ↑ a b Fräulin: New history of the city of Zell. P. 271.
- ^ Loerrach district. Volume II, p. 901 f.
- ↑ Fräulin: New History of the City of Zell. P. 413.
- ^ Loerrach district. Volume II., P. 902.
- ↑ Architekturbüro Walder, Ludwigsburg: Bürgerhaus Gresgen ( Memento of the original from September 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed November 30, 2012.
- ↑ a b Fräulin: New history of the city of Zell. P. 270.
- ↑ Website of the Choral Society Gresgen , sections “About Us” and “Statutes”.
- ^ Badische Zeitung of April 18, 2012: Loyal commitment to the farmers .
- ↑ Website of the Gresger rural women’s association .
- ↑ Internet presence of the fools guild Gresgen .
- ↑ Internet presence of the Gresgen sports club , Internet presence of the “Pro Ringen SV Gresgen” sponsorship association ( Memento of the original from May 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ^ Loerrach district. Volume 2, pp. 902 ff., P. 923.
- ↑ Fräulin: New History of the City of Zell. P. 270; District of Loerrach. Volume II, p. 922.
- ^ Loerrach district. Volume II, p. 923 f.
- ↑ Fräulin: New History of the City of Zell. P. 334.
- ^ Loerrach district. Volume II, p. 924.
- ↑ Gresgen primary school on the website of the city of Zell.
- ↑ Oak, Fritz . In: Martin Schumacher (Ed.): MdB - The People's Representation 1946–1972. - [Ebbinghaus to Eyrich] (= KGParl online publications ). Commission for the History of Parliamentarism and Political Parties e. V., Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-00-020703-7 , pp. 254 , urn : nbn: de: 101: 1-2014070812574 ( kgparl.de [PDF; 201 kB ; accessed on June 19, 2017]).
