Rabbit ears

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Rabbit ears
Round-leaved rabbit's ear (Bupleurum rotundifolium), left, and sickle-leaved rabbit's ear (Bupleurum falcatum), right, illustration

Round-leaved rabbit's ear ( Bupleurum rotundifolium ), left, and sickle-leaved rabbit's ear ( Bupleurum falcatum ), right, illustration

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Umbelliferae (Apiales)
Family : Umbelliferae (Apiaceae)
Subfamily : Apioideae
Tribe : Bupleureae
Genre : Rabbit ears
Scientific name of the  tribe
Bupleureae
Blast
Scientific name of the  genus
Bupleurum
L.

The rabbit ears ( Bupleurum ) are a genus of plants within the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae). The 150 to 180 species are widespread in the northern hemisphere .

description

Habit, leaves and inflorescences of the star umbel rabbit's ear ( Bupleurum stellatum )
Habit, leaves and inflorescences of the shrubby rabbit's ear ( Bupleurum fruticosum )

Appearance

Bupleurum TYPES rarely grow as annuals, usually perennial herbaceous plants , there are also half bushes and shrubs ( Bupleurum fruticosum ) up to a height of 3 meters. Lignifying species are rare in the Apiaceae family. They often have a short, lignified "root stock". The above-ground parts of the plant are bare.

leaves

The distinctive feature of the Bupleurum species are the ever undivided and full-margined leaves ; this occurs in only two other genera within the umbelliferae family. When petioles are present, they have a recognizable leaf sheath. The shape of the leaf blades can vary from grass-like linear to broadly elongated. The leaves are sometimes streaked with stems. The leaves are always completely bare.

Wilted nipple of a shrubby rabbit's ear ( Bupleurum fruticosum )
Infructescence and double achenes of Bupleurum gibraltarium

Inflorescences and flowers

The composite doldigen inflorescences are often of a conspicuous bract surrounding -Hülle. The döldchen contain three to twelve (up to 20) flowers. Sheath and sheath are usually formed, rarely, as with Bupleurum rotundifolium , the sheath is missing.

The flowers are hermaphrodite and small. The sepals are only indistinctly developed. The petals are entire and always folded or rolled up at the tip, as well as keeled on the outside by the protruding middle nerve. The color of the petals is almost always yellow or yellow-green (rarely reddish-yellow), only in the north-west African Bupleurum album it is purple.

fruit

The fruit is egg-shaped to elongated and not or only slightly flattened and contracted at the joint surface. The surface is usually smooth ( warty in Bupleurum tenuissimum ) and bare. The partial fruit has five distinct main ribs and no secondary ribs. There are one to five oil streaks, which are fading in some species. The short style is bent back after flowering.

Sickle rabbit ear ( Bupleurum falcatum )
Shrubby rabbit ear ( Bupleurum fruticosum )
Long-leaved rabbit ear ( Bupleurum longifolium )
Rock rabbit's ear ( Bupleurum petraeum )
Buttercup rabbit's ear ( Bupleurum ranunculoides )
Round-leaved rabbit ear ( Bupleurum rotundifolium )
Bupleurum fruticescens subsp. spinosum
Star umbel rabbit ear ( Bupleurum stellatum )

Systematics and distribution

The genus Bupleurum was set up in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 1, pp. 236-239. Type species is Bupleurum rotundifolium L. A synonym for Bupleurum L. is Buprestis Spreng.

Bupleurum is the only genus of the tribe Bupleureae Spreng. in the subfamily Apioideae within the family Apiaceae .

The genus Bupleurum is widespread in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere . About 39 species are native to Europe . About 42 species occur in China, 22 of which are only there. In North America originally only Bupleurum americanum occurs in the Rocky Mountains . Only one species, Bupleurum mundtii , occurs in South Africa , but this one originally comes from Europe. In Australasia were Bupleurum introduced species. Most species only have very small areas. The species occur at all altitudes, from sea level (for example Bupleurum tenuissimum ) to an altitude of 4900 meters near Bupleurum longicaule in the Himalayas .

According to Neves & Watson 2004, the genus rabbit ears ( Bupleurum ) contains around 150 (depending on the source, between 70 and 180) species (selection):

use

The "rhizome" of some species is used in traditional Chinese medicine as "chai hu" against coughs, fever and flu. However, since a few species (such as Bupleurum longiradiatum ) are poisonous, dangerous mix-ups can occur.

Sources and further information

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Bupleurum at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  2. a b Bupleurum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
  3. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq Ralf Hand, 2011 : Apiaceae. : Datasheet Bupleurum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
  4. a b c d She Menglan (佘孟兰), Mark F. Watson: Bupleurum , p. 60 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (ed.): Flora of China . Volume 14: Apiaceae through Ericaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2005, ISBN 1-930723-41-5 .
  5. ^ Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive. CD-ROM, Version 1.1, Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
  6. Walter Erhardt , Erich Götz, Nils Bödeker, Siegmund Seybold: The great zander. Encyclopedia of Plant Names. Volume 2. Types and varieties. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .

Web links

Commons : Rabbit Ears ( Bupleurum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Hasenohr  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations