Hitler diaries

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The affair about the alleged Hitler diaries was about the fakes published by the news magazine Stern in 1983 , which were created by Konrad Kujau . The final result of an authenticity check already started by the Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) was not waited for. On April 25, 1983, Stern announced that Adolf Hitler's secret diaries were in his possession. On April 28, 1983, the publication of excerpts from the diaries began as a series. On May 6, 1983, the results of the BKA investigation were announced. It was undoubtedly a fake. The Star at that time had 62 volumes fake diaries for 9.3 million DM acquired.

Course of the scandal

Prehistory and origin of the diaries

Konrad Kujau (1992)

The painter Konrad Kujau met the militaria collector and industrialist Fritz Stiefel in 1974 . In the period that followed, Kujau sold a wide variety of devotional objects from the National Socialist era , including alleged works by Hitler, such as manuscripts, drawings and paintings. He passed himself off to Stiefel as Konrad Fischer . In November 1975, Kujau wrote the first Hitler diary , a half-year volume that covers the period from January to June 1935. To do this, he bought a black notebook in a convenience store in the GDR , in which he wrote the diary. On the cover he stuck the gold-colored metal initials FH in Fraktur , which Hitler had rejected as Gothic script .

The initials FH (top row) and AH (bottom row) in the Engravers Old English normal font

He was missing the letter A in the matching font Engravers Old English normal and so he simply took a capital F. He then left this work to Fritz Stiefel for viewing. Kujau later referred to his first work as a joke, which he copied from an old chronicle. In the spring of 1978 the historian and former employee of the main archive of the NSDAP August Priesack examined the supposed Hitler documents. In November of the same year, the historian Eberhard Jäckel received copies of 72 alleged Hitler documents from Stiefel's collection. The first volume of the diary was presented to Jäckel in September 1979 at a meeting with Stiefel and "Fischer". For him the diary was a "sensation".

On January 6, 1980, Stiefel met the Hamburg star reporter Gerd Heidemann , who wanted to sell him some things from Hermann Göring's previous property. The contact was made through Jakob Tiefenthäler, an Augsburg collector who was trying to find a buyer for Heidemann's yacht . Heidemann had completely taken over with the renovation of the 28-m motor yacht Carin II , which had once been in Hermann Göring's possession. In 1973 he had acquired it from a print shop owner in Bonn for DM 160,000; Together with the renovation costs, a debt of 250,000 DM had now accumulated, and Heidemann wanted to sell the yacht for a profit. Stiefel bought Goring's memorabilia from Heidemann, but was not interested in the yacht. At this meeting, Stiefel showed Heidemann the diary he was keeping.

Heidemann spontaneously offered a million DM and learned entire passages of the diary by heart. Stiefel did not tell him the name of the supplier. Heidemann considered marketing without the star . He was in contact with a Dutch financier from the oil industry and former arms dealer who would have pre-financed the purchase of the diaries. He also turned to British author David Irving about a possible collaboration . Thomas Walde , head of the contemporary history department at Stern , convinced him to get the diaries for and with the star . Heidemann tried unsuccessfully for months to locate the dealer in the diaries. Kujau deliberately stayed in the background because the star was politically too left for him. Heidemann therefore first researched the history of the discovery of the diaries. On April 21, 1980, the department met contemporary history of the star on the Carin II . Among other things, the Hitler diaries were discussed. At this meeting, Heidemann was asked to look for the diaries.

In September of the same year Heidemann received a tip that a missing airplane should play an important role in the diaries. A Junkers Ju 352 flown by Major Friedrich Anton Gundelfinger is said to have flown out of the encircled Berlin with several people and allegedly secret material on board and crashed in the Bavarian Forest . During his further research, Heidemann came across Börnersdorf in the former GDR as the actual crash site of the Ju 352. Heidemann then drove to this place, where he actually found the graves of Gundelfinger and other soldiers who had died in the crash. Gundelfinger's plane crashed into a field on the flight from Berlin to Bavaria during an attempted emergency landing in Heidenholz near Börnersdorf. During his research in the GDR, Heidemann was accompanied by Thomas Walde and officers from the State Security Service . Encouraged in this way in the credibility of the existence of the diaries, Heidemann tried again at the end of November 1980 to contact "Fischer" through Tiefenthäler. Heidemann increased the offer to two million DM for copies of the diaries. Heidemann named this sum without the knowledge or approval of the publisher. During the conversation, Tiefenthäler gave Heidemann the name of the supplier - Fischer. Then Walde and Heidemann looked in vain for Fischer in Stuttgart and the surrounding area, because Kujau lived at the address of his partner Edith Lieblang.

Kujau found out about Stern's offer through a letter from Tiefenthäler . After several weeks to think about it, Kujau signaled interest and Heidemann received the phone number for the Lieblang company . Thereupon Heidemann called "Fischer" on January 15, 1981. Both agreed a meeting, which was then on 28/29. January 1981 took place. Heidemann informed Kujau about the results of his research in the GDR, which the latter in turn cleverly incorporated into his story of the Hitler diaries. Heidemann saw his research and the existence of the diaries confirmed. Kujau confided to Heidemann that the diaries of his brother, who was major general in the National People's Army , would be sent to the West. In fact, Kujau's brother was a porter for the Deutsche Reichsbahn . He also wove his brother-in-law, an alleged museum director, into the diary legend. In order not to endanger the procurers of the diaries, the history of origin must remain secret. Of the total of 27 diary volumes, three would be in Germany and three in the United States. Fischer promised to sell the diaries to Stern .

Heidemann prepared the story of his discovery of the diaries together with Thomas Walde in April 1983 under the lead story How star reporter Gerd Heidemann found the diaries for the star . The diaries stowed in a box were recovered and secured by a German officer after the crash. Heidemann wrote about the further fate of the supposed diaries that the further storage locations and routes of the books to the West could not be named, since the finders had made preservation of their anonymity a condition.

Gruner + Jahr and the Stern editorial team

On January 27, 1981, Heidemann and Walde met with Manfred Fischer , CEO at Gruner + Jahr , and Jan Hensmann, the board member responsible for the magazine division at Gruner + Jahr. Fischer decided that the diaries should be purchased for two million DM and that the editor-in-chief should not be informed about the diaries. The editorial team of Stern was passed over in order to keep the research secret from international competition. The secret project Green Vault was brought into being within the Stern . The name is derived from the Green Vault , a historical Dresden museum collection of the former treasury of the Wettin princes. Only an inner circle of the publishing house management and employees of the contemporary history department at Stern was inaugurated. On February 13, 1981, three diaries were acquired for 85,000 DM each without receiving a receipt. In the later trial, Heidemann was accused of paying a maximum of DM 60,000 per volume to Kujau and of having embezzled the rest. On February 23, 1981, Heidemann signed a contract with CEO Fischer, in which Heidemann was assured a share in the license revenues from the diaries. Walde and Heidemann also received exclusive rights to evaluate the diaries and were freed from the need to disclose the details of the acquisition and its sources. In this way, any internal or external control of the process was prevented.

On March 9, 1981, Manfred Fischer traveled to the corporate headquarters in Gütersloh , where he met Reinhard Mohn , CEO of Bertelsmann . Mohn wanted to make Fischer his successor on June 29, Mohn's sixtieth birthday. In a one-on-one conversation, Fischer initiated Mohn into the secret project Green Vault . He showed him a dossier from Heidemann and several volumes of the diaries. Mohn was fascinated and spoke of the sensation of the century. Mohn had no questions or doubts about the authenticity of the diaries.

On May 13, 1981, the Stern editorial team decided that Heidemann should research the life of the pope assassin Mehmet Ali Ağca in Turkey . Since the publishing house management saw the Grünes Gewölbe project endangered, they inaugurated the Stern's editor-in-chief about the secret project. Editor-in-chief Peter Koch expressed doubts about the authenticity of the diaries. In order to find out more about the crash of the Ju 352 with the diaries on board, Heidemann drove to Börnersdorf again on May 26, 1981. Witnesses to the crash told him that the cargo on the plane had burned and that only two airplane windows of the wreck remained. On July 1, 1981, Gerd Schulte-Hillen became the new CEO of Gruner + Jahr and shortly before he took office, his predecessor informed him about the Green Vault project . Heidemann increased the prices for the purchase of the diaries to 100,000 and later to 200,000 DM per volume. The new chairman of the board accepted the offer and on August 6th approved one million marks for the purchase of further volumes of the Hitler diaries.

Later, the publishing house management arranged for the purchase of a total of 62 volumes for 9.34 million DM. The whereabouts of this money was not clarified in the later criminal proceedings either.

Expert opinion and first indications of a forgery

Eberhard Jäckel (2009)

In 1980, Eberhard Jäckel and Axel Kuhn published a work on Adolf Hitler's early writings from 1905 to 1924. The sources used for the book included a total of 76 from the Stiefel collection, all of which had been forged by Konrad Kujau. The foreword of the work speaks of “particularly valuable documents” and of 50 “partly particularly informative” documents from private collections. In October of that year the star published parts of the book by Jäckel and Kuhn. The poem Der Kamerad , allegedly composed by Hitler in 1916 and published by Stern under the heading “Gereimtes vom Geferen H.”, was recognized by Anton Hoch as a work by Herybert Menzel . The Nazi poet had only published the work in 1936, i.e. 20 years later. It could not have come from Adolf Hitler, nor could it have been plagiarized by him. Thereupon Jäckel and Kuhn published their doubts about the authenticity of the documents from the Stiefel collection in the quarterly journals for contemporary history . In response to Jäckel's withdrawal, Kujau gave Heidemann two forged GDR reports that were supposed to prove that the poem Der Kamerad came from Hitler. Heidemann and Walde did not become suspicious despite massive errors in the reports. The authorities who allegedly made the report did not even exist.

Heidemann had close contact with the former SS - General Wilhelm Mohnke , which, together with the obergruppenführer Karl Wolff , best man was in his fourth wedding 1978th On May 13, 1981, Heidemann read him from the diaries. Mohnke pointed out factual errors in the diaries that were ignored. For example, Mohnke recognized false data about Hitler's Leibstandarte . Heidemann informed Walde of Mohnke's comments, but both thought Mohnke was wrong.

On April 13, 1982, Thomas Walde met with the Swiss criminal scientist Max Frei-Sulzer . He was supposed to check a page from one of the diaries, the Hess tape , for authenticity. As a comparison document he received an alleged Hitler document from Walde, which, however, had also been forged by Kujau. Three days later, Walde flew with the deputy publishing director Wilfried Sorge to the United States to see the font expert Ordway Hilton. The same documents as Frei-Sulzer were submitted to it. On May 11, Hilton and in mid-June Frei-Sulzer confirmed the authenticity of the alleged diaries. The State Criminal Police Office of Rhineland-Palatinate compared the documents handed over with real Hitler documents, but on May 25, 1982 also confirmed the authenticity. The British historian Hugh Trevor-Roper and his American colleague Gerhard Weinberg confirmed their authenticity after checking the alleged diaries in a vault of a Zurich bank. The Federal Archives were also initially convinced of the authenticity. No one noticed that some of the comparative specimens presented to the reviewers were also from Kujau's pen. Only the BKA withheld its report until the end. There were enough doubts about the authenticity before the publication. Contemporary witnesses such as Hitler's adjutants Richard Schulze-Kossens and Nicolaus von Below could not confirm that Hitler had kept a diary. On the contrary, witnesses had repeatedly reported that Hitler was extremely reluctant to commit himself to writing. The correct spelling was also noticeable. The diaries had no corrections. But also the different procurement stories that Heidemann Trevor-Roper dished out, or the increasing number of diaries over time should have looked suspicious. If there were 27 books at the beginning of the procurement campaign, the number rose to 62 by the end. The greatest oversight of the editorial team must be seen in the fact that the diaries were published prematurely and one did not wait for the BKA report. At least in part, this can be explained by the public pressure that pushed those responsible to publish.

It should also have been noticed from the outset that the monogram on the cover pages of the diaries was not an AH for Adolf Hitler, but a FH. After this strange circumstance had been drawn attention to, they did not doubt the authenticity of the diaries and invented explanations for them, such as “Führer Hitler” or “Führer Headquarters”. Several German historians, including the Cologne professor Andreas Hillgruber , pushed for a chemical-physical authenticity check by the laboratories of the Federal Archives in Koblenz and the Federal Criminal Police Office. The star then referred to Hillgruber in its editorial as an “archive ayatollah”, but had to submit to the pressure.

publication

On April 28, 1983, Stern magazine published parts of the forged Hitler diaries

Even so, the first two diaries were published. On April 25, 1983, the Stern hosted an international press conference in its publishing house, which was attended by 27 television teams and 200 reporters from other newspapers. During the tumultuous event, Stern reporter Heidemann was given the diaries, and in the euphoria he let himself be carried away to pose with the diaries and photographed.

On April 28, Stern began a series entitled Hitler's Diaries Discovered . The circulation was increased by 400,000 copies to 2.2 million and the price by 50 pfennigs to 3.50 DM. In the editorial, editor-in-chief Peter Koch wrote: "The history of the Third Reich has to be partially rewritten."

The published excerpts from the diaries painted a completely distorted picture of Hitler, which shifted responsibility towards his followers. For example, Kujau noted for November 10, 1938 about the November pogroms 1938 ( Kristallnacht ):

“It is not possible that our economy should be destroyed by a few hotheads millions and millions of dollars, even of glass alone (...). Have these people gone crazy? What should foreign countries say about it? I will immediately issue the necessary commands. "

About Georg Elser's attack on Hitler in Munich's Bürgerbräukeller , Kujau wrote on November 11, 1939 about suspicions against the instigators in Hitler's immediate vicinity, specifically referring to Heinrich Himmler :

"After I threatened to bring him [sic!] To a party court because of the allegations in Poland, for disobeying my orders ... This devious small animal breeder with his urge for power, this opaque accountant type will get to know me too."

In one of the unpublished volumes, Kujau wrote that Hitler had planned Jewish settlements in the east, “where these Jews could feed themselves” .

For Rudolf Augstein , at the time the editor of the competition paper Der Spiegel , the passages from the diaries mentioned above were evidence of their forgery. As early as May 2, 1983, he wrote in Der Spiegel: “Do we have to put up with this nonsense?” And “Yes, we should believe all of this”.

Most of the contents of the two published diaries, however, were largely mundane. In Volume 1, for example, Kujau wrote of Joseph Goebbels ' stories about women and a decree with which Hitler wanted to forbid his employees from such affairs. He also dealt with many private matters and assumed that Hitler was addicted to tablets . The second volume dealt with a. with the flight of Hitler's deputy Rudolf Hess to the United Kingdom. Kujau set the chronological beginning of the diaries on November 19, 1932, the day of the industrialists' submission , and began with the words: "From now on I will record my political undertakings and thoughts in notes in order to preserve them for posterity like any politician." The contents of the rest of the diaries are largely unknown to this day.

The star negotiated with the US news magazine Newsweek for the secondary exploitation . The negotiating partners, who were mainly interested in passages on the subject of the Holocaust , withdrew their offer shortly before the negotiations were concluded. The magazine had received some copies of the diaries, but according to statements by Stern editor Henri Nannen , the editorial staff of the magazine did not agree to the processing of the text passages on Hitler's Jewish policy. In contrast, the London Sunday Times was particularly interested in the passages on the flight to Scotland by Hitler's deputy Rudolf Hess, which was also the first to be approved by Stern . At the same time, the French magazine Paris Match and the Italian Panorama announced the publication.

Evidence of a forgery

In the early afternoon of May 6, 1983, news agencies reported that the Hitler diaries were forgeries. The reports of the Federal Criminal Police Office and the Federal Institute for Material Testing had shown beyond doubt that the materials used in the binding had only been manufactured after the Second World War . In a test under ultraviolet light, the paper luminesced , revealing what are known as optical brighteners , which have only been used in papermaking and textile fabrics since 1950. The British forensic scientist Julius Grant , who examined two volumes of the diaries for the British Sunday newspaper Sunday Times , came to the same conclusion when examining paper samples. Furthermore, linguistic analyzes showed that the language style of the diaries only partially corresponded to Hitler's. A second report by the Federal Materials Testing and Research Institute in St. Gallen confirmed this finding and found further evidence of the forgery: Among other things, the experts were able to prove that the red sealing cords were colored with a reactive dye that had only come onto the market in 1956. The antique patina of the books also turned out to be a subsequent product.

The next day Konrad Fischer was unmasked as Konrad Kujau through research by Stern .

Follow-up in court

Kujau and Heidemann were tried and convicted in Hamburg. Kujau confessed to having written the 62 volumes himself. He was on 8 July 1985 alleging fraud in coincidence with forgery sentenced to four years and six months in prison. The Hamburg district court assessed a considerable contributory negligence on the part of the publisher and editorial staff as mitigating the penalty. Due to a throat cancer disease, Kujau was released from prison after just three years. After his prison sentence, he used the popularity he had gained and opened his own studio, in which he officially sold "original Kujau forgeries".

In Heidemann, the court came to the conclusion that it of the money the star , not forwarded had provided a sum of millions of Kujau but embezzled have. He was sentenced to four years and eight months in prison and lived intermittently on welfare . Kujau's niece later expressed the assumption that Heidemann had probably not embezzled any money.

Another issue at the court hearing was the manner in which Stern acquired the alleged diaries , which the presiding judge believed would have been theft if the diaries were authentic. Gerd Schulte-Hillen, like everyone involved in the Stern , was of the opinion that the diaries had been legitimately acquired. After ten years , according to Schulte-Hillen, the star wanted to transfer the diaries to the Federal Archives .

consequences

The star had to apologize publicly for publishing the fake. The chief editor resigned. The circulation of the paper fell massively; however, after a few months she was able to recover. The affair around the diaries still sticks to the star negatively today. In addition, the affair is next to z. B. the hostage-taking of Gladbeck a textbook example of media ethics .

There are conspiracy theories about the publication and especially about the contents of the diaries, which portray Hitler in a positive light . The British author Gitta Sereny claimed that four former SS officers had tried in this way to support the thesis that Hitler had nothing to do with the murder of the Jews and did not even know anything about it. Sereny also put forward the thesis that a large part of the money that had disappeared went to the mutual aid community of members of the former Waffen SS (HIAG). Furthermore, there is Kujau's claim that he was supposed to create a new image of Hitler on behalf of the Federal Intelligence Service .

Robert Harris published the book Selling Hitler about the scandal in 1986 . It formed the basis for the five-part television series Hitler for Sale with Jonathan Pryce in the role of Heidemann. The second satirical processing of the material took place in the film Schtonk! by Helmut Dietl from 1992, who was nominated for an Oscar for best foreign language film. He made the actors, especially Kujau, who was played by Uwe Ochsenknecht , even better known.

The volumes acquired from Stern are stored at Gruner + Jahr. A handover to the Federal Archives in Koblenz was announced in April 2013, but has not yet taken place. One volume each was given to the House of History in Bonn and the Hamburg Police Museum . The last volume of the forged diaries was auctioned on April 23, 2004 in Berlin; an anonymous buyer bought it for 6500 euros.

Podcast

In 2018, journalist Malte Herwig discovered several hundred tape cassettes in the basement of former Stern reporter Gerd Heidemann , on which Heidemann had recorded every conversation he had with Konrad Kujau between 1980 and 1983 . For the 70th anniversary of Stern, Herwig made the ten-part podcast “Faking Hitler” from the material, which retold the biggest press scandal in German history from the perspective of the reporter Gert and the forger Conny. The podcast received an award and was also nominated for several prizes.

See also

literature

  • Manfred Bissinger : Hitler's finest hour. Kujau, Heidemann and the millions. Bramsche: Rasch & Röhring, 1984, ISBN 3-89136-011-8 .
  • Uwe Bahnsen : The »Stern« trial - Heidemann and Kujau in court. Mainz: Hase & Koehler, 1986, ISBN 978-3-7758-1114-9 .
  • Charles Hamilton : The Hitler diaries. Fakes that fooled the world. University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 1991, ISBN 978-0-8131-1739-3 .
  • Robert Harris : Selling Hitler: Story of the Hitler Diaries. London: Faber and Faber, 1991, ISBN 0-571-14726-7 .
  • Manfred R. Hecker: Forensic handwriting examination - a systematic presentation of research, assessment and evidential value. Heidelberg: Kriminalistik Verlag, 1993, ISBN 3-7832-0792-4 .
  • Josef Henke: The so-called Hitler diaries and evidence of their forgery. An archival review. In: From the work of the archives. Contributions to archives, source studies and history. Festschrift Hans Booms, ed. v. Friedrich F. Kahlenberg, Boppard 1989 (= writings of the Federal Archives 36), pp. 287–317 (PDF; 2.2 MB).
  • Peter-Ferdinand Koch: The find. The Stern Scandals - Gerd Heidemann and the Hitler Diaries. Hamburg: FACTA, 1990, 831 pages, ISBN 3-926827-24-6 (editor of Spiegel ).
  • Erich Kuby : The "Stern" case and the consequences. Hamburg: Konkret Literatur Verlag, 1983, ISBN 3-922144-33-0 , as well as East Berlin: Volk und Welt. (The book was only to be published by Verlag Hoffmann & Campe under the managing director Röhring. When the book was almost finished, the managing director of the publishing house Thomas Ganske vetoed. Hans-Helmut Röhring and his editor-in-chief announced that the book was given to Konkret literature Publishing company.)
  • Günther Picker: The Kujau case. Chronicle of a forgery scandal. Berlin: Ullstein, 1992, 140 pp., ISBN 3-548-34993-5 .
  • Michael Seufert: The scandal surrounding the Hitler diaries. Frankfurt / Main: Scherz, 2008, 288 pages, ISBN 3-502-15119-9 . (Another edition in the Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag Frankfurt 2011, ISBN 978-3-596-17682-3 .)
  • Felix Schmidt: “The Führer is becoming more and more communicative”. Dossier in: The time . No. 15, April 4, 2013, pp. 15-19 (Schmidt was one of the editors-in-chief of Stern who resigned as a result of the affair).

The following Stern editions reported on the forged diaries:

  • Stern No. 18/1983 (Hitler's diaries discovered)
  • Stern No. 19/1983 (The Hess case)
  • Stern No. 11/2008 ( greed for big money , interview with Michael Seufert about his book and his role as head of the German and international departments in 1983)

Movies

documentation

motion pictures

Television series

  • Hitler for Sale (OT: Selling Hitler ), British television series from 1991.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bernward Klein: Topic of the Year - Expensive Flatulence and a Scandal. In: General-Anzeiger . December 31, 1999.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Karl-Heinz Janßen: Company "Green Vault". In: The time . June 1, 1984.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Chronicle. In: Hamburger Abendblatt . March 3, 2008.
  4. ^ A b Hitler diaries: "Greed for Big Money" ( Memento from July 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). In: stern.de. March 16, 2008 (Interview with Michael Seufert, author of the book The Scandal about the Hitler Diaries ).
  5. ^ A b c d Rainer Burger: Searching for traces in Börnersdorf. How Heidemann did not find Hitler's diaries. In: faz.net. April 25, 2008.
  6. ↑ Michael Seufert: The million dollar deal is top secret. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. March 6, 2008.
  7. ↑ Gerd Heidemann, Thomas Walde: How Sternreporter Gerd Heidemann found the diaries. In: Stern. April 28, 1983, pp. 37L-37Z.
  8. ↑ a b c d Niels Kadritzke, Wolfgang Lieb : The real scandal of the Hitler diaries: A liberal sheet that wanted to cash in with a brown history picture. In: NachDenkSeiten . April 23, 2008.
  9. ↑ "It was like a group psychosis". In: Der Spiegel. 33/1984, Aug 13, 1984, pp. 52-58.
  10. ↑ Seufert: The scandal about the Hitler Days books. P. 117.
  11. ↑ a b Hellmuth Vensky: From sensation to nightmare. In: The time. July 8, 2010.
  12. ↑ Eberhard Jäckel, Axel Kuhn (ed.): Hitler. All records 1905–1924 (= sources and representations on contemporary history. Volume 21). DVA, Stuttgart 1980.
  13. ↑ Eberhard Jäckel, Axel Kuhn: To an edition of Hitler's records. In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte . Volume 29 (1981), No. 2, pp. 304 f.
  14. ↑ Willi Winkler: Hunger for Nazi stuff. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung of May 17, 2010.
  15. ↑ Gerhard von Mauz: "Somehow I wasn't interested in that". In: Der Spiegel. Issue 41/1984, October 8, 1984, pp. 131-139.
  16. ↑ Seufert: The scandal about the Hitler Days books. P. 114 f.
  17. ↑ a b Hitler diaries: "Ha, ha, that I don't laugh". In: Der Spiegel. 18/1983, May 2, 1983, pp. 17-27.
  18. ↑ cf. Manfred R. Hecker: The manuscript report as material evidence. In: NStZ . Volume 463, 1990, p. 468 f.
  19. ↑ Seufert: The scandal about the Hitler Days books.
  20. ↑ Jan Friday: Hitler Diaries. The drug sensation. In: Frankfurter Rundschau . April 25, 2008.
  21. ↑ Hitler's diaries discovered. Stern title dated April 28, 1983.
  22. ↑ a b Jens Bauszus: Hitler Diaries. The bizarre media meltdown. In: Focus Online . April 23, 2008.
  23. ↑ a b "A lot of noise - a lot of doubt". In: Der Spiegel. 18/1983, May 2, 1983, pp. 28-29.
  24. ^ Christian Schicha: Media scandals. In: Christian Schicha, Carsten Brosda: Handbook of media ethics. Springer, 2010, ISBN 3-531-15822-8 , p. 381.
  25. ↑ Helene Heise: The scandal surrounding Hitler's "diaries". In: NDR.de . Retrieved August 27, 2017.
  26. ↑ Niels Kadritzke: Brazen forgery. In: Deutschlandfunk. April 25, 2008.
  27. ^ A b Rudolf Augstein : Brother Hitler. In: Der Spiegel. 18/1983, May 2, 1983, p. 18.
  28. ↑ a b H. Heise: The Hitler Diaries - Chronicle of a foreseeable scandal. In: NDR.de. Retrieved January 5, 2013.
  29. ↑ Dr Julius Grant. In: The Daily Telegraph . July 8, 1991 (obituary), accessed October 30, 2015.
  30. ↑ Died. Julius Grant. In: Der Spiegel . July 15, 1991, accessed October 30, 2015.
  31. ↑ Joachim Löffler: Artist's signature and art forgery - At the same time a contribution to the function of § 107 UrhG . In: New legal weekly . Issue 22, 1993, pp. 1421-1429.
  32. ↑ cf. HansOLG Hamburg , decision of March 16, 1988 - 2 Ws 52/88; NStZ 1988, 274.
  33. ↑ Uncle Konrad's last hit. In: Berliner Morgenpost . June 5, 2003.
  34. ↑ Gerhard von Mauz: Probably seen with a bit of bitterness. In: Der Spiegel. 2/1985, January 7, 1985, pp. 65-69.
  35. ↑ cf. Manuela Pauker: VDZ review: The 80s - the big bluff. In: Advertise & Sell . November 4, 2004, p. 22.
  36. ↑ a b Markus Scholz: Press and Disability. A qualitative and quantitative study. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2010, ISBN 978-3-531-17080-0 , p. 96.
  37. ↑ Bengt Pflughaupt: Kujau's 'Stern' hour. In: Extradienst. No. 04/2008, p. 52.
  38. ↑ cf. Christian Schicha : Media scandals. In: Christian Schicha, Carsten Brosda (Hrsg.): Handbuch Medienethik. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2010, ISBN 978-3-531-15822-8 , p. 381 f.
  39. ^ "The German Trauma": Old Nazis were behind Hitler's diaries ( Memento from September 5, 2003 in the Internet Archive ). In: Netzeitung . May 7, 2002 (interview with Gitta Sereny).
  40. ↑ Hubert Leber: A new book on the chronicle of the star scandal: flatulence in the head area. In: Berliner Zeitung of April 25, 2008.
  41. ↑ Millions for comrades? In: The time. 3rd February 1984.
  42. ↑ Podcast. Best use of podcast formats in the context of journalistic digital media. Winner: Stern: Faking Hitler. Gruner + Jahr (Germany). European Publishing Awards, accessed February 25, 2020 .
  43. ^ David Hein: Audio Award. These are the nominees for the first German Podcast Award. In: horizon . February 14, 2020, accessed February 26, 2020 .
  44. ↑ Dawn McMullan: INMA unveils Global Media Awards finalists. International News Media Association, accessed February 26, 2020 .
  45. ↑ Really wrong. In: Der Spiegel. 22nd August 1983.
  46. ↑ “The Fake of the Century - Hitler's Diaries” / “ZDFzeit” documentary about the biggest media scandal in the Bonn Republic. ZDF (press release). In: press portal . April 5, 2013.