Jakob Andreae

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Jacobus Andreae, professor of theology and church provost , on a painting by Hans Ulrich Alt , oil on wood, 1590, Tübingen Professorengalerie collection
Portrait of Jacobus Andreae, copper engraving from the 17th century

Jacobus Andreae , other names Jakob Andreä , also called Jakob Schmiedlein , Vulcanus , Schmiedjakob , Faber Fabricius (born March 25, 1528 in Waiblingen , † January 7, 1590 in Tübingen ) was a Lutheran theologian of the 16th century, chancellor and reformer .

Live and act

Jacob Andreae was born to the blacksmith Jacob Endriß († 1566 in Bebenhausen) and his wife Anna, née Weißkopf. His father wanted him to be a carpenter . At Erhard Schnepf's work, Andreae went to the pedagogy in Stuttgart and then, in 1541, moved to the University of Tübingen . At the age of 18 he became a deacon in Stuttgart and married Anna Entringer. The marriage gave birth to 20 children, including many important descendants .

Expelled from Stuttgart by the Augsburg Interim in 1548, Andreae preached courageously at the collegiate church in Tübingen . At the request of Duke Christoph von Württemberg , Jacob Andreae acquired an academic doctorate in 1553 and was appointed superintendent of Göppingen . At the same time he was general superintendent of the Adelberg district and, alongside Johannes Brenz , was in charge of church-wide tasks.

At first Andreae tended to compare herself to the Calvinist direction; So in 1559 he signed the formula of the Stuttgart Synod , which advocated Brenzen's doctrine of ubiquity and set itself apart from the mediating direction. In 1561 he became chancellor of the university, professor of theology and provost in Tübingen. At the Princely Days and at the religious discussions in the 1550s and 1560s, he was the Duke's companion as a reformer in Tübingen, and also represented the Württemberg Church in Paris , Strasbourg and other places in an objective and balanced manner.

At the request of Duke Julius , Jacob Andreae carried out the Reformation in the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel in 1568/70. To this end, he strove for an ecclesiastical agreement, drafted his five peace articles in 1568 and tried with Martin Chemnitz and Nikolaus Selnecker to lead the Lutheran Church to a firm belief. However, his attempt to reach an agreement failed because of the mistrust and resistance of the Gnesiolutherans and Philippists at the Zerbst Convention of 1570.

Since his efforts failed, he turned to an unification of southern and northern German, Swabian and Lower Saxon Lutheranism. To this end, he wrote the Swabian Agreement in 1574. He dedicated twelve years of his life to the Lutheran Agreement based on a new doctrinal norm. In Lutheranism he succeeded in collecting divergent forces while the rift became deeper in the other direction.

When he was called to the Unification Works in Torgau in 1576 , his draft of the Swabian Agreement resulted in the basis of the Swabian-Saxon Agreement, which was combined with the Maulbronn formula to form the Torgian Book . In 1577 he created the Bergisches Buch together with North German theologians . He also took part in the negotiations at the convent in Tangermünde in 1578, in Schmalkalden in 1578 , in Jüterbog in 1579 and in Bergen in 1580.

His employees complained about his tyranny, the denominational opponents took action against him. The reformers Martin Chemnitz , David Chyträus , Nikolaus Selnecker and Andreas Musculus helped him to hold out in all hostility until Elector August von Sachsen dismissed him in 1580. In 1583 his wife died who had given birth to 20 children. Also hostile at home, he worked again in the spirit of the Agreement, disputed with Théodore de Bèze in 1586 and settled theological disputes. Through his efforts for peace he was constantly active in the theology of the 16th century. His endeavors contributed to the development of Lutheranism.

It was through him in particular that the concord formula came about in 1577 .

Jacob Andreae gave the funeral sermons for Hans IV von Liebenstein († 1563), Sabina of Bavaria , the Duchess of Württemberg (1492–1564), Hans Ungnad von Weissenwolf, Freiherr von Sonneck (1493–1564), Pietro Paolo Vergerio (1498– 1565), Wilhelm Bidembach (1538–1572), Margarete von Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (1517–1580), Balthasar von Karpfen (around 1530–1585), Dietrich Schnepf (1525–1586), Primož Trubar (1508–1586) and Fritz Herter von Herteneck († 1590).

family

On June 30, 1546, Jakob Andreae, his first marriage in Tübingen, married Anna Entringer († 1583), a daughter of the Tübingen citizen and guard at Hohentübingen Castle , Johannes Entringer (1443–1546) and his wife Anna.

The marriage of Jakob Andreaes with Anna Entringer gave birth to 20 children:

  1. Susanna Andreae (1547–1552),
  2. Juditha Andreae (1548–1550),
  3. Jakob Andreae (1549–1630), pastor in Hagelloch , Dußlingen , Metzingen and Kirchentellinsfurt , married since 1570 to Anna Bär (around 1554 / 58–1576) from Stuttgart, daughter of Dr. jur. utr. Kaspar Beer († around 1558), Württemberg Oberrat, and Kunigunde Berlin († after 1558), and since 1576 with Catherina Mann (1558–1631) from Blaubeuren , daughter of Veit Mann (around 1507 / 15–1591) and Apollonia Lang (1538–1596),
  4. David Andreae (1551–1588), pastor in Hagelloch, Jesingen and giltstein , married I. since 1573 with Agnes Greinß († 1578), daughter of Johannes Greinss (Grayns), II. Since 1579 with Margreta Gödelmann (around 1560-1626) from Tuttlingen , daughter of Jeremias Godelmann († 1582), Vogt, cellar and clergyman, and Maria Holzschuher († 1568) and sister of Jeremias and Johann Georg Gödelmann (1559–1611)
  5. Susanna Andreae (1552–1593), married since 1570/71 to Dr. jur. utr. Balthasar Eysengrein (1547–1611) from Stuttgart, Württemberg consistorial director, son of Martin Eysengrein (1507–1567), mayor of Stuttgart, and Maria Moser (1527–1560),
  6. Petrus Andreae (1553–1574),
  7. Johannes Andreae (1554–1601), pastor and abbot of the Königsbronn monastery , married since 1576 to Maria Moser (1550–1632) from Herrenberg , daughter of Valentin Moser von Filseck (1520–1576) and Margaretha Hiller (1518–1559),
  8. Ulrich Andreae (1555–1596), Dr. med., 1583 doctor in Lindau , married since 1583 to Ursula Frantz (1549–1624) from Lindau, daughter or widow of town clerk Joachim Franz
  9. Blandina Andreae (1557–1600), married since 1579 to the doctor Anton Schweickhardt (around 1555–1620), a university relative in Tübingen
  10. Daniel Andreae (1559–1615), Wuerttemberg chancellery relative, 1583 clerk in Bebenhausen , married to Ursula Schnerr (around 1560 – after 1615)
  11. Maria Andreae (1560–1624), married I. since 1579 with Mag. Georg Schütz (around 1550–1588) from Esslingen , pastor in Möhringen on the Fildern , son of Johann Schütz, II. Since 1589/90 with Dr. jur. utr. Johannes Christoph Harpprecht (1560–1639) from Walheim , professor of law in Tübingen, son of Hans Harpprecht (1518–1564) and Margaretha Reuschlin († 1564)
  12. Corona Andreae (* 1562), married to Dr. med. Johann Jakob Frey, doctor in Cronweißburg ,
  13. Ludwig Andreae (1564–1570),
  14. Paulus Andreae (* 1566),
  15. Judith Andreae (* 1567),
  16. Agnes Andreae (1569-1570),
  17. Hedwig Andreae (1571–1614), married since 1588 to Magister Jakob Magirus (1564–1624) from Vaihingen, pastor, 1595 special superintendent (provost) in Markgröningen , 1602–1624 Abbot of Lorch, son of Johannes Magirus the Elder. Ä. (1537–1614), Provost in Stuttgart and Abbot of Lorch, and Anna Fritz († 1584),
  18. Petrus Andreae (1574–1574),
  19. Paulus Andreae (* / † 1577),
  20. Isaak Andreae (1579–1586).

After Jakob Andreae's first wife, Anna Andreae née Entringer, died on July 25, 1583, Jakob Andreae married the Regensburg widow Regina Reiter née Schachner from Munich on February 16, 1585 († September 17, 1592 in Tübingen) . Jakob Andreae's second marriage remained childless.

  • The historian Carl Friedrich Haug from Tübingen is one of the well-known descendants of Jakob Andreae and his first wife Anna Andreae in the 19th century .

Works (selection)

  • Short u. simple report on the Lord's supper. 1556.
  • Disputatio de maiestate hominis Christi. 1564 final speeches in German about the majesty of the man Christ and his true presence. 1565.
  • Six Christian sermons on the divisions ... between the theologians of the Augsburg Confession from 1548-1573. 1573 (printed by Heinrich Heppe, Gesch. Des dt. Prot. 1555–1581, 1852 ff., III, Appendix 1).
  • Swabian Agreement. 1574.
  • 20 sermons from the years 1557, 1559 a. 1560. Schmoller (Ed.), 1890.

Remembrance day

literature

Contemporary sources

Web links

Commons : Jacob Andreae  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Chancellors of the University of Tübingen 1477–1933 ( Memento from December 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on uni-tuebingen.de
  2. ^ Johann Valentin Andreae: Fama Andreana reflorescens . Strasbourg 1630, p. 268ff.
  3. ↑ Daughter of the mayor Lucas Berlin from Dinkelsbühl , married the second court judge Johann Broll, mayor of Stuttgart.
  4. ↑ According to J. Andreae / JV Andreae (ed.): Fama Andreana reflorescens (op. Cit. O) , p. 335: "Agnes Greisin".
  5. ↑ Carl Friedrich Haug. Communications from his life and his estate, printed as a manuscript for relatives and friends . Edited by Karl Riecke . Printed by IB Metzler'schen Buchdruckerei, Stuttgart 1869.
  6. ↑ Jakob Andreae in the Ecumenical Lexicon of Saints
personal data
SURNAME Andreae, Jakob
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Andreä, Jakob
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Lutheran theologian
DATE OF BIRTH March 25, 1528
PLACE OF BIRTH Waiblingen
DATE OF DEATH January 7, 1590
Place of death Tübingen