Porta Coeli Monastery
| Porta Coeli Cistercian Abbey | |
|---|---|
 Porta Coeli monastery church |
|
| location |
 Czech Republic Moravia
|
| Lies in the diocese | Brno |
| Coordinates: | 49 ° 21 '11.2 " N , 16 ° 24' 2.9" E |
| Patronage | Assumption Day |
| founding year | 1239 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1782 |
| Year of repopulation | 1901 |
| Mother monastery | St. Marienthal |
| Congregation | Mehrerauer Congregation (since 2008) |
|
Daughter monasteries |
|
The monastery Porta Coeli (also Klášter Předklášteří ; German monastery gates of heaven ) is a Cistercian - Abbey and is in Předklášteří in the South Moravian Region ( District Brno-Country ) in the Czech Republic . It is located 25 kilometers northwest of Brno .
history
In 1233, Margrave Přemysl gave his widowed mother Konstanze lands near Tišnov . She founded the Cistercian convent Porta Coeli there . The monastery church, built in the Romanesque-Gothic transition style, was consecrated in honor of the Assumption before 1239 . Five-sided chapels open into the transept of the three-aisled basilica . The monastery building with Burgundian characteristics corresponds to the early Gothic architecture of the Cistercians.
During the Hussite Wars the monastery was destroyed and the Lords of Lomnice seized part of the monastery property. In the years 1436–1465, the abbess Elisabeth ( Alžběta IV ) rebuilt the monastery. In 1447 she complained to the Moravian governor Heinrich von Leipa about Jan von Lomnice and demanded compensation for the usufruct of the villages of Běleč , Brumov and Ochoz. In 1459, the monastery was finally reassigned all goods and old rights by the new King George of Podebrady . Abbess Katharina von Šerkovice sued in 1464 for the surrender of the monastic estates and farms of Šerkovice and Tišnov against Markvart of Lomnice, who also still held the villages of Běleč, Ochoz and Žďár and the forests of Míchovec and Žďárna as illegal property. After another lawsuit, Markvart of Lomnice was sentenced in 1480 to return the villages including Brumov. Abbess Barbara Konická von Schwabenitz granted the town of Tišnov numerous privileges in 1554, which promoted its development.
During the Thirty Years War , the monastery was closed by the rebels in 1619. The convent fled to Pernstein Castle , where most of the valuables could be brought to safety in good time. The Cistercian women buried their stocks of coins in the garden. In 1624 the abbess Kunhuta von Komošan died on Pernstein. After the situation had become somewhat safer again at the beginning of 1625, ten sisters returned to the abandoned monastery and on January 11th elected Anna Skřimišská of Pilsenburg as the new abbess. In the following years most of the monastery buildings were rebuilt. After the Battle of Schweidnitz in 1642 the Swedes invaded Moravia. On June 17, 1642, they raided the monastery and looted it. When Provost Arnold Weißkopp returned from Znojmo to Porta Coeli, he was attacked and shot near Svatoslava. After the Swedes withdrew, the sisters returned. In 1653 Ursula Gams was elected to succeed the late abbess Anna Skřimišská. She had the hospital built in 1655, which also served as a hospital for the poor. Around 1748, under the Abbess Božena Sázavská, reconstruction measures took place. The following year, the monastery expanded its property and bought from Armand Graf Serényi five farms in Brumov and Bukovice and two in Unín . The property in Výmyslice was sold in 1749. After the establishment of the diocese of Brno , the monastery was placed under the patronage of the St. Peter and Paul Cathedral in 1777 .
On March 2, 1782, the monastery was closed by Emperor Joseph II in the course of the Josephine reforms . The then 45 sisters and seven novices left the monastery on March 19, 1782 by order of the provincial commissioner Johann Hausperg von Fanal auf Rossitz ( Jan Ausperský z Fanálů ). The last abbess was Sapiencia Lojková von Nětek, she moved to Labské Týnice and died there.
The monastic possession at that time consisted of the city Tišnov and the villages Aujezd , Bosonohy , Borač , Březina , Dolní Loučky , Drahonín , Drásov , Hájek, Hradčany , Jamné, Jilmoví, Komín, Německé Kynice , Horní Loučky , Lomnička , Lubny , Nová Ves , Olší , Ochoz , Rohozec , Řikonín , Šerkovice , Skeje , Štěpánovice , Střemchoví, Svatoslava , Víska, Vratislávka , Všechovice , Předklášteří , Zahrada and Železný . The property of 92 35/64 Huben was worth 286,609 guilders and 15 kreuzers.
The monastery church was given to the religious fund and converted into the parish church of Předklášteří and Štěpánovice. In the monastery buildings, Wilhelm Mundy set up a textile factory with 200 employees. In 1798 the Porta Coeli estate was hereditary for 15,302 guilders 253/4 Kreuzer to Wilhelm von Mundy. His son Johann von Mundy first separated Komín, Bosonohy and Německé Kynice from the rule and struck the villages of the nearby Eichhorn rule . In 1816 the textile factory ceased operations. A part of the monastery building was then converted into apartments and the other part a cotton dye factory for Turkish red dyeing . In 1821 Johann von Mundy sold the Porta Coeli estate for 200,000 guilders to Friedrich Schell von Wittinghoff . In 1830, the Tišnov citizen Voš found a buried iron-studded box with 30 to 40 pounds of silver and gold coins from 1619 in his garden.
The Upper Lusatian Cistercian Monastery of St. Marienthal acquired the monastery property and the associated lordship back in 1861 for 180,000 guilders with the aim of returning the monastery to its original purpose. During this time part of the former monastery was rented out as a sugar factory. After almost 40 years of negotiations, the monastery was re-established. The Marienthal monastery built a new convent church, which was consecrated on May 19, 1901 by the Brno bishop Franziskus von Sales Bauer . In the same year the monastery was settled with Marienthal sisters. In December 1902, the Imperial and Royal Central Commission for Research and Conservation of Art and Historical Monuments approved the reconstruction of the part of the Porta Coeli monastery that had previously been rented as a sugar factory. The building should be restored to its original purpose, whereby the reconstruction should be limited to the replacement of damaged walls, floors, doors and windows as well as the installation of a heating system. Five of the sisters left the Porta Coeli monastery in 1920 and founded the monastery of the same name in Allerslev, Denmark , from which the later Cistercian abbey of Sostrup emerged in 1961 .
After the communists took power in Czechoslovakia in 1948 , the Porta Coeli monastery was closed in 1950 and the convent dissolved. After the political upheaval caused by the Velvet Revolution of 1989, the convent was renewed and in 2001 the centenary of the re-establishment of the monastery was celebrated. Until her conversion to the Mehrerau Congregation ( Congregatio Augiensis ), Porta Coeli belonged to the Bohemian Cistercian Congregation of the Purest Heart of Mary ( Congregatio Purissimi Cordis BMV ), which was established in 1923 .
The founders of the monastery, the widow queen Konstanze and her son Přemysl, found their final resting place in the monastery church.
gallery
inner space
Portal of the monastery
Cloister
Stained glass window
Courtyard of the cloister
literature
- Joachim Bahlcke , Winfried Eberhard, Miloslav Polívka (eds.): Handbook of historical places . Volume: Bohemia and Moravia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 329). Kröner, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-520-32901-8 , p. 615.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Congregatio Purissimi Cordis BMV in the Cistopedia.
- ↑ http://www.archive.org/stream/mitteilungenser3vol1kkze/mitteilungenser3vol1kkze_djvu.txt
- ↑ Allerslev. In: Cistercienser Chronik 34 (1922), pp. 88-90.
Web links
- Elenchus Monasteriorum Ordinis Cisterciensis (Directory of the Monasteries of the Cistercian Order), edition of May 28, 2018, p. 28
- History overview (Czech)
- Detailed description of the history of the monastery (Czech)
- Information about the museum and the guided tours through the monastery including opening times (in Czech)