Knesebeck (noble family)

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Coat of arms of those of the Knesebeck (since 1644)

Von dem Knesebeck is the name of two primitive noble families of different origins. The "black trunk" comes from eastern Lower Saxony , the "white trunk" from the neighboring Altmark .

In the 17th century, the two family tribes recognized a common origin and united their different coats of arms . Branches of both tribes still exist today, as is a family association founded in 1895 .

history

Black Tribe (Lower Saxony)

Knesebeck Castle

The place Knesebeck is today a district of Wittingen in the district of Gifhorn in Lower Saxony. Knesebeck Castle there is the ancestral home of the black tribe of the von dem Knesebeck family. The tribe was first mentioned in a document in 1248 with Wasmodos von dem Knesebeck . The uninterrupted line of trunks begins with him .

According to the name researcher Hans Bahlow , the castle name Knesebeck is based on the root word knese as in Old Dutch for moor or swamp and the word beck for brook, as the castle was located in a swampy depression on a moth hill about 2 meters high. The castle and a second Motte in nearby Wittingen were destroyed by ducal troops around 1350 because the raids of the Knesebeck knights got out of hand. Instead of Knesebeck Castle, a royal office was later built, and in Wittingen, the Knesebecks built the Junkerhof, which still exists today, in 1528. Members of this tribe held the office of hereditary treasurer of the Principality of Lüneburg from 1374 .

The Knesebecks from Lüchow bought two smaller farms, two ponds and a windmill in Kolborn (Colborn) in 1366 , and in 1396 they also acquired the larger aristocratic farm here. Later Corvin , Woltersdorf and one of the two manors in Böhme (with Klein Eilstorf ) came to the family. She still manages the Corvin estate.

Significant members of the Lüneburg tribe included Friedrich Wilhelm Boldwin Ferdinand Freiherr von dem Knesebeck (1789–1867), counselor, historian and author of genealogical and historical works. One of his best-known titles is the Historical Pocket Book of the Nobility in the Kingdom of Hanover . Ernst Julius Georg von dem Knesebeck became the royal Hanover major general , envoy and authorized minister at the royal Bavarian and royal Württemberg courts.

White trunk (Altmark and Ruppiner Land)

The white trunk was first mentioned in a document with Bodo de Soltwedele in the years 1207 to 1241. He was Burgmann zu Salzwedel in the Altmark and named himself after his Burgmann seat. On January 26, 1244 he was named as a witness for the first time in a document of the Margraves Johann and Otto von Brandenburg with the new form de Knesebeke .

After Kneschke 1281 Pariadmus miles dictus de Knesebecke which an altar to St. Spiritus in Altmark appears monastery Diesdorf endowed . The brothers ( frateres ) Boldewinus and Paridam de Knesebeck sold the Mackstorf estate to Dambeck monastery in 1283 . In 1338 the family concluded an agreement with the Margrave Ludwig of Brandenburg with the promise to provide him with ten men with helmets and forty men with lances.

In 1354, Tylsen Castle near Salzwedel came into the possession of Knesebeck, supplemented in 1620/21 by the New Tylsen Castle in the Renaissance style, which remained in the family until it was expropriated by the land reform in 1945 and was destroyed in 1948/49 (the old castle is preserved, but expires). Langenapel came to the family in 1407 and Döre in 1375, both also near Salzwedel.

In 1374 Werner von dem Knesebeck from the house of Langenapel, son of the knight Ludolph von dem Knesebeck, was entrusted by Duke Albrecht of Saxony and Lüneburg with the office of treasurer of the Principality of Lüneburg, which had accrued to him from his grandfather, the knight Werner von dem Berge .

In 1380, 1388, 1412, 1436 and 1444 the Knesebeck houses Tylsen, Langenapel and Kohlborn ( Kolborn ) with the families von Alvensleben , Bartensleben , Bismarck , Jagow , Platen , Schenk von Flechtingen and von der Schulenburg belonged to the eight castle-seated families of the Altmark, who were directly subordinate to the governor and were given the title noble by the emperor and the margrave as belonging to the army . During the 15th century the Margraves of Brandenburg granted the Tylsen house with the von der Schulenburg auf Betzendorf, the von Alvensleben auf Kalbe and the council of the old town Salzwedel the right to mint , which they also exercised for a long time.

Field Marshal General Karl Friedrich von dem Knesebeck (1768–1848)

Numerous members of the Brandenburg tribe achieved the highest dignity in the Brandenburg and later Royal Prussian military services.

Wilhelm von dem Knesebeck (1735–1803) on Karwe (also Carwe, acquired in 1721) near Neuruppin married Elisabeth von der Groeben , who in 1805 inherited the neighboring Löwenbruch estate. Her son Karl Friedrich von dem Knesebeck (1768-1848) became a Prussian general and received on August 13, 1823 from King Friedrich Wilhelm III. , in recognition of his services to himself and his heirs as a donation to the Röderhof monastery near Halberstadt and later part of the adjacent Huywald to round off the park. He died in 1848 as a Prussian field marshal . His son, Rittmeister Alfred von dem Knesebeck (1816–1883), inherited the old family seat of Tylsen in addition to Karwe and Röderhof. Field marshal's stepbrother, Captain Wilhelm Leopold von dem Knesebeck, inherited Löwenbruch and in 1823 (also from Groeben's possession) Jühnsdorf , where he had a new manor built from 1824. His two sons Eugen and Leo come from his marriage to Minette von Bredow .

The goods were expropriated by the land reform in the Soviet occupation zone in 1945. In 2012, Herneid acquired the Löwenbruch manor back from the Knesebeck and renovated it. The manor house in Karwe , built in 1724, was demolished in 1983; After 1990 Krafft Freiherr von dem Knesebeck and his family bought back parts of the property and set up the former horse stable as a residence, in which an exhibition “Fontane meets Knesebeck” can be seen.

Possessions

Memorial plaque to Wilhelm Friedrich von dem Knesebeck (1737–1778) at the village church of Gresse

In addition to the goods already mentioned, the barons of the Knesebeck-Milendonck owned (they had a quartered central shield in the quartered Knesebeck coat of arms : 1 and 4 in gold, three black crossbars, 2 and 3 in gold, a black dragon) in the Rhineland from 1773 onwards, Myllendonk Castle and from 1810 Frohnenbruch and Hoerstgen , the latter still belonging to the family in 1836.

In Mecklenburg , members of the family were already wealthy in Dömnitz in 1374. In 1642 Badikau (Badekow) and Gresse and 1700 Dambeck were in their possession or part ownership. In 1772 the Mecklenburg knighthood recognized the indigenous rights of Major Carl Boldewin von dem Knesebeck on Oberhoff and the ducal Mecklenburg-Strelitz head captain Wilhelm Friedrich von dem Knesebeck on Greese.

In Einschreibebuch the monastery Dobbertin are eleven entries of daughters of the family of the Knesebeck 1741-1895 from Gresse for inclusion in the aristocratic convent in the monastery Dobbertin . In 1894 Julie Ernestine von dem Knesebeck came to Dobbertin as a conventual , where she was prioress from 1914 to 1926 .

In the middle of the 19th century the family was in the Kingdom of Prussia zu Löwenbruch and Jühnsdorf in the district of Teltow , to Tylsen (since 1354), Langenapel (since 1407) and Döre (since 1375) in the district of Salzwedel, to Fürstenau in the district of Arnswalde and to Butow in Saatzig district paid for.

Members of the Lüneburg main line were temporarily in possession of the Brome moated castle . In what would later become the Kingdom of Hanover , they owned goods at Wittingen, Corvin and Woltersdorf and two goods in Colborn. They belonged to the knightly nobility of the Lüneburg landscape because of two matriculated Streulehn in Lüneburg .

Status surveys

Alfred von dem Knesebeck on Karwe and Tylsen, Prussian major a. D. , received a Prussian name and coat of arms association with those of the expired barons of Milendonck as barons of the Knesebeck-Milendonck by the highest cabinet order on March 10, 1870 in Berlin .

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Black Tribe

The coat of arms of the black tribe from Lower Saxony shows a jumping red unicorn in silver . Five black grouse feathers (color sequence: black, silver, black, silver, black) on the helmet with red-silver covers .

Tribe coat of arms White Tribe

The coat of arms of the white tribe from the Altmark shows a red griffin claw in silver . On the helmet with red-silver covers, three flags (color sequence: red, silver, red) on silver poles.

  • On the left the coat of arms of the black trunk, on the right of the white trunk in Johann Siebmacher's coat of arms book from 1605

  • Coat of arms graphic by Otto Hupp in the Munich calendar of 1926

According to Siebmacher, the knights of Böddenstedt , who died in the 16th century and who also had a unicorn in their coat of arms, may also be of the same tribe as those of the Knesebeck.

Quartered coat of arms

The fourth coat of arms was introduced in 1644. 1 and 4 the coat of arms of the white tribe, 2 and 3 the coat of arms of the black tribe. On the helmet with red and silver helmet covers, five black grouse feathers (color sequence: black, silver, black, silver, black) in front of three flags (color sequence: red, silver, red) on silver poles.

Coat of arms history

The eagle's claw in the main coat of arms of the white tribe probably comes from the coat of arms of the original employer, the Margraves of Brandenburg. As Burgmanns of the margravial Brandenburg castle Salzwedel, they took over part of the margrave 's coat of arms, namely the claw of the Brandenburg eagle as heraldic image, together with other Burgmannen families .

The Mecklenburg prehistoric noble family von Restorff has the same coat of arms as the black trunk, in silver a jumping red unicorn. However, there is no tribal relationship between both sexes.

The black and white tribe have made a succession of feudal succession (enfeoffment to the entire hand) and coat of arms association with the state lordship of Brandenburg (1644) and Brunswick-Lüneburg (1631) approval . They recognized themselves as having sprung from a common root and have had the squared coat of arms since 1644.

Heraldic saga

According to a legend, the flags as a helmet ornament in the coat of arms of an ancestral lord of the family, the knight Iwan, were bestowed by the Roman-German King Rudolf von Habsburg in thanks. He is said to have snatched three flags from the enemy with his own hand during a battle against Ottokar von Böhmen in 1275.

Known family members

literature

Web links

Commons : Knesebeck family  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon Volume VI, Volume 91 of the complete series, pp. 311–312
  2. ↑ Christian Ludwig Scheidt : 0rigines Guelficae. Volume 4, p. 71.
  3. ↑ 750 years of Knesebeck ( Memento of the original dated December 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.von-dem-knesebeck.org
  4. ^ Website of the Corvin Manor
  5. ↑ a b c Otto Hupp : Munich Calendar 1926. pp. 29–30.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f New General German Adels Lexicon Volume 5, pp. 154–157.
  7. ↑ Märkische Allgemeine from February 26, 2016
  8. ↑ Johann Georg Theodor Grasse : Legends of gender, name and coat of arms of the nobility of the German nation . Reprint-Verlag, Leipzig 1999, ISBN 3-8262-0704-1 , p. 79.
  9. ^ Siegfried Isaacsohn :  Knesebeck, Thomas von dem . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1882, p. 285.