Octopus (ship)
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The octopus with the identification ZK 14 was a Dutch blazer that the German writer , bard , theater worker and reform pedagogue Martin Luserke had acquired. It is therefore discussed in German-language literature, in regional museums, libraries, archives, encyclopedias and on the occasion of lectures. In the ports between the West Frisian Islands and Rügen , the octopus was known as a floating poet's workshop in the second half of the 1930s, where a large number of mostly young people came to take them, to tell stories and readings. From today's perspective, the prominent guests on board included Heddy Pross-Weerth and Beate Uhse .
history
Ebenhaëzer ZK 14 (ex ZK 74)
The Dutch blazer Ebenhaëzer with the identification ZK 14 (ex ZK 74) was operated by Betto and Maarten Bolt from Zoutkamp in North Holland (ship identification ZK). The name stands for the Dutch spelling of the biblical place Eben-Ezer ( Hebrew אבן העזר, Even HaʿEzer ), where the Israelites (Hebrew בני ישראל Bnei Yisra'el ) fought against the Philistines (Hebrew פְּלִשְׁתִּים, Plištim ). Between 1911 and around the end of the 1920s, the Bolt brothers caught shrimp , mussels , plaice and, to a lesser extent, herrings . Your ship was laid down in 1911 by a Dutch shipyard. Its exact origin and early history are not documented in its home port either.
Luserke, who had been thinking about going to sea since he was a child, specifically since around 1929, had obtained the helmsman's license on a short voyage in 1931 in Leer in East Frisia . When he bought the ship on February 25, 1934 in Zoutkamp for 400 Dutch guilders , it had probably been in service for several years and, despite its solid oak construction, was in a partially ailing condition. During the four-day transfer trip from Zoutkamp to Oldersum in East Frisia , the cabin collapsed.
Octopus ZK 14
Luserke had the future octopus rebuilt from the shipyard in Oldersum, restored and converted into a habitable ship. Among other things, it received a wheelhouse for the first time, a raised cabin roof on the foredeck to provide standing height below deck, and a new Deutz two-cylinder engine for crude diesel oil. The old code ZK 14 , which referred to the home port of Zoutkamp, left Luserke unchanged on the large gaff sail , while it was painted white on the bow and replaced by the black lettering Krake . According to the photos available, the name on the bow was first made smaller, later much larger. The flat floor was painted black, metal parts were silver.
Together with his initially fifteen-year-old son Dieter (1918-2005), who, according to the regulations of the See-Berufsgenossenschaft , was hired first as a deck boy , then as a young man, ordinary seaman and finally as a seaman and was listed in the model roll , he drove the shallow coastal waters of the North and Baltic Sea between the Dutch West Frisian Islands , the German East Frisian and North Frisian Islands , Denmark , the south of Norway and Sweden , Fehmarn , Hiddensee and Rügen , but also channels, rivers, streams and lakes between the two seas. His goal was to explore historical sea routes used by the Vikings .
Until the end of 1938, Martin Luserke used the ship as his floating poet's workshop and in this way realized part of his ideas of a relatively independent life on the northern coasts and at sea. A professional seaman named Willms was also temporarily hired for it. A limiting obstacle to these sailing trips were the customs and export regulations of the German Reich, according to which each person on the ship's crew was only allowed to carry 10 Reichsmarks in coins. These had to be sufficient for the entire trip, so that the allocation of supplies and supplies carried from the start had to be sufficient, of course, supplemented by fishing for personal use. Lake Schwerin , for example, has been handed down as a winter anchorage .
The first sea voyage with a brand new engine under the name Krake led on Sunday, July 15, 1934, from Oldersum to Juist , used by Luserke as a home port until August 1934. From the last quarter of 1934 the octopus was listed in the Emden shipping register , but incorrectly as Tjalk . This is possibly due to the added structures that a blazer typically does not have. However, adding a wheelhouse doesn't turn a blazer into a tjalk.
In 1935, the Austrian press photographer Lothar Rübelt came aboard the Krake and took a series of photos , some of which were published. The web links for this article contain a reference to one of these press photos, which Dieter Luserke shows in 1935 on board the octopus at the 13-meter-high ship's mast. Through home stories in national magazines, triggered by Luserke's successful book publications, the octopus became very well known, especially in the German-speaking area.
Luserke was particularly fascinated by the city of Emden . To spend the winter there, he rented an apartment in the Falderndelft near his landing stage at Beuljenstrasse 4, which he lived in with his son while the ship was being overhauled. This is why some of his literary works were created in Emden that became bestsellers in the 1930s and 1940s, including his Roman Hasko , which was awarded the literary prize of the Reich capital Berlin in 1935 .
However, Luserke developed a very special relationship with his work Obadjah and the ZK 14 , into which he integrated the ship as well as into other of his works.
At the end of 1938 Luserke landed in Meldorf ( Holstein ) on an unscheduled basis and spent the winter there, only to settle there after the second winter in 1940, according to his own statement in an NDR radio interview. There he set up his study, reminiscent of a cabin, as a "workshop" and decorated it with carvings from the octopus , its anchor lamp and the holiday pennant that was once raised on the ship's mast on special occasions. In 1939, due to the shortage of foreign exchange in the German Reich, the allocation of operating materials and supplies sealed for customs purposes were blocked for private ships. The prospect of the beginning of the war may also have played a role when the coastal regions were mined, so that the abandonment of sailing trips was inevitable.
On June 18, 1944, the octopus was completely destroyed by a direct hit in an Allied bombing raid on the shipyard in Hamburg-Finkenwerder .
designation
After the takeover of the ZK 14 , a large number of bulbous schnapps jars made of clay were found on board the ZK 14 , which subsequently inspired Luserke's imagination and storytelling. The jars were immortalized in his book Obadjah and the ZK 14 and later used in Meldorf in his garden behind the house to border a flower bed . Onomatopoeic, the jars led to the name of the octopus tied to the sea , the octopus in turn to the name of the on-board budgie "Karaki" (linguistically modified from "Kraki"), whose name was then used for the octopus' dinghy after the budgie in May Had escaped in 1936.
In his works Luserke describes the ship differently, sometimes as an octopus , sometimes as ZK 14 . Krake is the name of the ship, which he himself determined in the spring of 1934. In his stories and logbooks, which deal with Luserke's real journeys and his actual to mystified impressions, this name is therefore in the foreground, partly in connection with the callsign DGJC . The designation ZK 14, however, is quoted in his fictional work. In terms of content, this relates to an earlier time, as it addresses Obadjah as the ship owner, who could not have known his ship as an octopus .
The ship identification ZK 14 was reassigned in Zoutkamp, it is still registered to the Bolt family today.
Experiential education
Luserke's youngest son Dieter broke off his school days with the closure of the reform pedagogical school by the sea in Loog on the East Frisian island of Juist after his father asked him whether he would like to accompany him at sea in the future. The son, who was already enthusiastic about sailing at school , didn't have to think twice. He was finally able to enjoy the almost undivided attention of his father and teacher after his mother Annemarie (1878–1926), née Gerwien, died very early. From 1925, his father had been the founder and director of the renowned, music-oriented rural education home and had mostly dealt with the more than 90 students and the various school topics around the clock. Its motto there was: "Education through the sea" (see also: Adventure Education ).
“In our time, such experience-oriented educational work does indeed need a medium that is particularly suitable for this: On a sailing ship, young people can experience the adventure 'first hand', if they can find out what they are really made of, they will challenged in a way that is hardly possible on land and in our largely concreted, asphalted, easy-to-care-for and land-cleared civilization with the consumer attitudes generated at the same time - not to mention legal restrictions on the possibilities of experience.
The intense experiences on board and the growing awareness in the individual youth that they can face unfamiliar and new tasks and prove themselves in the increasing responsibility has an impact on their willingness to integrate into our society and in their field of life and activity to get involved - professionally and socially. "
Luserke's son Dieter has been sailing with the dinghy cruisers from the Schule am Meer around Juist since he was six . He used the few months between the school closure, which took place against the background of the National Socialist “ Gleichschaltung ” and anti-Semitism , and the “ maiden voyage ” of the optionally motor-driven octopus for a solid learning of the seaman profession. To do this, he went on board the 100-ton motor glider Ostfriesland lying before Juist . After this “ baptism of fire ” he was happy about his first long trousers.
After initial hesitation, Martin Luserke opened his octopus for a temporary ride with guests, always following the principle of " hand against bunk " (ride for cooperation). His son Dieter, who was traveling with him, stated that it was sometimes difficult for his father to do without the liveliness and diversity of the students who had surrounded him for decades. Martin Luserke missed them, but also missed the amateur play that he played in the only theater hall of a German school at the time , the stage hall he initiated. The first passengers on the octopus were two smart ladies who were on a long bike tour. As it surprisingly turned out, it was a baroness from the Baltic States with her friend, the wife of a lawyer and already a mother of three.
As a result, former teacher colleagues drove Luserkes, but especially his former pupils of the outdoor school community Wickersdorf and the school by the sea , but until then unknown, during their school or semester break or during their vacation or during his country year on the octopus with , including, for example, Martin Kießig , Heddy Weerth , the SaM teacher Erne Wehnert and Beate Köstlin , who, according to her autobiography, valued Luserke as her favorite teacher. Luserke pursued educational interests, among other things, but always used the opportunities for his narrative lectures or readings from his works.
“Everyone has to help with work on the journeys. As a landlocked country you come on a ship and have to learn all the work that is available here. One is ashamed because one is often enough clumsy; it also takes a while to master the sailor's vocabulary at least to some extent. You learn to set sails, steer (according to tons, compass and map), and as the youngest on board you learn to tip the 'mail bucket' overboard in the storage space on the leeward side every evening . It's not difficult, but it doesn't smell good. [...] But the best part was the storytelling evenings on board. We had many young people visiting, mostly from the country year . We sat up to sixteen men in the narrow, darkened cabin . Above, through the open deck hatch , the stars peered in, and the mast swayed to and fro. There was the right mood for Luserke's famous ghost and haunted stories! […] Sometimes […] Luserke told stories from the ship's past, when the old, smart and drunk Obadjah was still on her and had strange, great adventures on her. Once there was the devil under the 'ZK 14' and had to carry the ship on its broad hump when it got into quicksand and threatened to sink. It is from then that the flat bottom of the 'ZK 14' is still so black and shiny and as if charred. I saw it myself when we once fell dry in the mudflats and the whole bellied ship lay bare on the sand ... "
The octopus was well known in many ports in the Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, southern Norway and Sweden. It was noticed there as a unique piece because it was not used by Luserke as a fishing or cargo ship. That was extremely unusual for a ship of this type at the time, almost luxurious. Luserke was not infrequently viewed as an "old captain", which he was happy about, since his person seemed to merge all the more with the octopus and the sea.
The floating poet's workshop attracted people; many wanted to listen to the fantastic and adventurous stories of the bard Luserke on board or to travel part of the way. They and the harbor masters and customs officers who inspected the octopus on their duty took the opportunity to look around curiously and extensively in Luserke's cabin. Their interior walls were not decorated in an ordinary way: A multitude of sometimes bizarre to strange carvings attracted the attention that Luserke had made during his captivity in France. These figurative to symbolic representations not only stimulated Luserke's bubbling poetic creativity, but also the imagination and phantasy of the listeners of his stories and readings. In addition, this was inspired by the waves crashing against the ship's hull, the starry night sky visible through the cabin hatch, from case to case also by pattering rain, snowfall or whistling storm or cold weather, the stove radiating heat, hot tea and the sounds of his as "Shy" described budgie "Karaki". This enjoyed great popularity on all sides. Luserke knew how to use such conditions narrative; It was not for nothing that his literary colleague Carl Zuckmayer described him as “of considerable imagination”. Luserke possesses individual will, ability and level as well as an enormous talent "in the artistic, especially theatrical". Luserke always told off the cuff and only later put the stories on paper after they had received a positive response from his audience.
The octopus in Luserke's perception
For Luserke, the octopus was the highlight of one of his childhood dreams, going to sea. There, on the coast of the northern country he apostrophized , he saw his desired center of life. Logically, the octopus flowed into his literary works, with which he achieved great success, especially in the 1930s and 1940s.
It is noteworthy that the name of his figure Obadjah (Hebrew עו )יה), which can be traced back to Jewish roots, led to literary success during the Nazi era . Apparently both the publisher and the Reichsschrifttumskammer (RSK) failed to research the origin of this name and were probably not made aware of it by third parties who were active in denunciation . Obadjah (also: Owadjah ) was the head of the palace or court master of King Ahab of Israel. Obadjah is also a solo tenor singing role in Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy's oratorio Elias op. 70 ( MWV A 25 ), so that any National Socialist with reference to classical music could have noticed the Jewish reference of the name.
Luserke used his name for the fictional former owner of the octopus . He internalized his real experiences and impressions about the octopus and expressed them in his work, whereby his closeness to nature and his affection for the sea become clear again and again:
“The big experience was on deck earlier. I gawked breathlessly for an hour before it occurred to me to fetch Dieter too. The full moon was very low, and the clouds had turned to heavy haze under the colder wind. And there I saw in the south, where a large sandbank , 'the Nordland', stretches under the water, for this hour, to the horror, the moon castle on the Nordland in person here on the edge of the world. At first only shadowless cliffs rose there. In the whole of the south the mist still stood thickly walled up from the water; the northwest had only just thrown over it. Where the crooked moonlight fell, the rocks jutted out incredibly thick and white like icebergs a hundred meters high . Avalanches poured down the slopes from high above . The whole thing was so eerily close to the ship that you had to put your head back and the fall seemed to come down to our deck . Our mast, however, swayed under a sky that was only closed endlessly high by a second blanket of clouds. Man, what is the boat swaying! Straight is another Boe to swing that is roaring rich Strengthens in our rigging . It's already two hours after the flood and could have been quieter for a long time.
So, as I was staring at this foggy image of an iceberg upstairs, suddenly the consciousness came like a blow: this whole thing is moving! The white rocks slowly shifted spellingly; now an enormous, sinister block was approaching. Just as in Norway I saw the rocks rise steeply out of the water and rise higher and higher, until one looked dizzy when looking up because the rock seemed to be tipping down, so gigantic was this mountain of clouds on the Nordland. Its flanks were jagged by shafts into which the moonlight penetrated. And slowly, as the change progressed, window cavities and open arches formed, which led into the innermost part of the giant block, and at the very bottom a reddish bustle of figures finally became visible. In addition, the roar of wind and water and the strange voices that you suddenly heard calling in the storm . Peng because struck again a lake out against our bow that the spray difficult over the foredeck crackled. The ship wasn't paying attention. In general, 'octopus' takes the sea splendidly. Pans himself over it and wipes his backside on it ... Since I saw the moon castle, something in the whole has changed here. Confirmation received. Thank you, Obadjah! "
Overall, Luserke looked at himself on the trail of the Vikings, consciously choosing a flat-bottomed ship. In addition to the practical advantages in shallow coastal waters, it gave him the impression of exploring the sea and the coast at a very similar viewing height as the Vikings.
literature
- Martin Kießig : The old ZK 14. Visiting a floating poet's workshop . In: Martin Luserke. Shape and work. Attempt to interpret the essence . Philosophical dissertation, University of Leipzig, J. Särchen Verlag, Berlin 1936.
- Martin Luserke: Log books of the octopus , 1934–1939.
- Ders .: The devil under the ZK 14 , in: anthology Der kleine Schühss - A book from the Wadden coast, with full-page drawings by Karl Stratil (1894–1963). Rolf Italiaander (1913–1991) (Ed.), Epilogue by Martin Kießig (1907–1994). Publishing house Gustav Weise, Leipzig 1935.
- Ders .: Obadjah and the ZK 14 or the happy adventures of a sorcerer . Ludwig Voggenreiter Verlag , Potsdam 1936.
- Ders .: Octopus cruises in the North Sea - Logbook 1937 . With drawings by Willy Thomsen . Publishing house Philipp Reclam jun., Leipzig 1937.
- Ders .: The octopus logbook . With drawings by Dieter Evers . Ludwig Voggenreiter Verlag, Potsdam 1937 (new edition: ISBN 978-7-00-005031-0 )
Web links
- Dieter Luserke: With my father Martin Luserke on board the good ship KRAKE-ZK 14 (1988) . From: luserke.net, accessed July 1, 2017.
- Martin Kießig: The old ZK 14. Visiting a floating poet's workshop . In: Martin Luserke. Shape and work. Attempt to interpret the essence. Phil. Diss., University of Leipzig, J. Särchen Verlag, Berlin 1936. From: luserke.net, accessed on July 1, 2017.
- Press photo: Dieter Luserke (1918–2005) on board the octopus . In: Die Dame , No. 24 (1935), photo: Lothar Rübelt . From: gettyimages.de, accessed on July 1, 2017.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Dieter Luserke: With my father Martin Luserke on board the good ship KRAKE-ZK 14 (1988) . From: luserke.net, accessed July 1, 2017.
- ↑ Octopus . Johannes A. Lasco Library in Emden, East Frisia. From: jalb.de, accessed on July 1, 2017.
- ↑ Krake ( Memento of the original from August 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Ship History Archive Flensburg. From: schiffshistorisches-archiv.de, accessed on July 1, 2017.
- ^ Albrecht Sauer: Martin Luserke . In: The Oxford Encyclopedia of Maritime History . Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-513075-1 .
- ↑ a b The Journey of Martin Luserke , lecture by Professor Kurt Sydow on the occasion of the 100th birthday of Martin Luserke, May 3, 1980, published as: The Journey of a Great Narrator - Martin Luserke (1880–1968) , in: Jahrbuch des Archives of the German Youth Movement Issue 12 , 1980.
- ^ A b c Jan Herchenröder : The storyteller of Meldorf - A visit to the old Luserke . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, No. 1 (1962), January 2, 1962.
- ↑ according to Ole Pfeiler (Osterholz-Scharmbeck), curator for flat-bottomed ships at the Ship History Archive in Flensburg, August 14, 2017.
- ↑ Alli A. Bolt, Zoutkamp, North Holland: Blazer , built in 1911.
- ↑ Martin Luserke: Octopus cruises in the North Sea - Logbook 1937 . With drawings by Willy Thomsen. Verlag Philipp Reclam jun., Leipzig 1937, p. 5.
- ↑ Archives of Visserijmuseum Zoutkamp, North Nederland: registration card of the ZK 14 Ebenhaezer (ex ZK 74). Personal request and photo of the registration card by Dhr. Daan Oostindiën from Zoutkamp, August 9, 2017.
- ↑ Iris Hellmich: In the footsteps of the writer Martin Luserke , in: Emder Zeitung , Wochenmagazin, series: Emder Tell (Part 127), July 5, 1997.
- ↑ a b Martin Luserke, radio interview on VHS storytelling evenings in Meldorf, Norddeutscher Rundfunk 1962, 3:22 min.
- ↑ a b c Martin Luserke: Log of the octopus . With drawings by Dieter Evers. Ludwig Voggenreiter Verlag, Potsdam 1937, pp. 8–9. (New edition: ISBN 978-7-00-005031-0 )
- ↑ a b Karl Körner: Martin Luserke . In: Meldorfer Hausfreund - Official newspaper for the announcements of the authorities of the city of Meldorf and the Meldorfer economic area . 7th vol., No. 37, May 10, 1955, p. 1.
- ↑ Martin Luserke: Log of the octopus . With drawings by Dieter Evers. Ludwig Voggenreiter Verlag, Potsdam 1937, p. 14. (New edition: ISBN 978-7-00-005031-0 )
- ↑ NLA AU, Rep. 239, No. A 316 Title: Tjalk Krake - Juist, term: 1934–1950, Classification Part B: krake, GEOB: Juist, Krake, Tjalk . In: Lower Saxony State Archives, Aurich location. From: niedersachsen.de, accessed on August 26, 2017.
- ^ Press photo: Dieter Luserke (1918–2005) on board the Krake . In: Die Dame , No. 24 (1935), photo: Lothar Rübelt. From: gettyimages.de, accessed on July 1, 2017.
- ↑ Hasko - A Wassergeusen novel . Franz-Eher-Verlag , Munich 1936. (New edition: ISBN 978-3-922117-99-5 )
- ↑ a b Martin Luserke: Obadjah and the ZK 14 or the happy adventures of a sorcerer . Ludwig Voggenreiter Verlag, Potsdam 1936.
- ↑ Martin Luserke: Octopus cruises in the North Sea - Logbook 1937 . With drawings by Willy Thomsen . Publishing house Philipp Reclam jun., Leipzig 1937.
- ↑ Martin Luserke: Log of the octopus . With drawings by Dieter Evers . Ludwig Voggenreiter Verlag, Potsdam 1937. (New edition: ISBN 978-7-00-005031-0 )
- ↑ a b Martin Luserke: The devil under the ZK 14 , in: anthology Der kleine Schühss - A book from the Wadden coast , with full-page drawings by Karl Stratil (1894-1958), ed. by Rolf Italiaander (1913–1991), afterword by Martin Kießig (1907–1994). Publishing house Gustav Weise, Leipzig 1935.
- ^ Karl-Ulrich Meves : Martin Luserke , in: Mitteilungen 108 (2006), Association of Former Students and Teachers of the Meldorfer Gelehreenschule e. V. (Ed.), Pp. 33-41.
- ↑ Krake ( Memento of the original from August 1, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: Ship History Archive Flensburg. From: schiffshistorisches-archiv.de, accessed on July 1, 2017.
- ↑ Obadjah and the ZK 14 , radio feature with Martin Luserke, series: Between North and Baltic Sea , Norddeutscher Rundfunk, 1956, 10:02 min.
- ↑ Martin Luserke: Log books of the octopus, 1934-1939 .
- ↑ Martin Luserke: Octopus cruises in the North Sea - Logbook 1937 . With drawings by Willy Thomsen. Publishing house Philipp Reclam jun., Leipzig 1937.
- ↑ Martin Luserke: Log of the octopus . With drawings by Dieter Evers. Ludwig Voggenreiter Verlag, Potsdam 1937. (New edition: ISBN 978-7-00-005031-0 )
- ^ ZK 14 , registered on Lammert Bolt, Zoutkamp, Netherlands , on: eo-ems.de, accessed on November 19, 2017.
- ↑ Gabriele Boschbach: Stories from the sea and the coast experienced up close , in: Ostfriesen-Zeitung, September 21, 2001.
- ↑ hj: The connection was unusual , in: Weser Kurier Bremen, neighborhood leaflet North, June 1 1999th
- ^ Foundation Schule am Meer (ed.): Leaves of the outer community of the Schule am Meer Juist . 4th circular, May 1930, p. 23 (Easter 1929: a total of 89 students, including 26 girls)
- ^ Foundation Schule am Meer (ed.): Leaves of the outer community of the Schule am Meer Juist . 9th circular, August 1931, p. 17. (School year 1930/31: a total of 92 students, 29 of them girls)
- ↑ Jörg W. Ziegenspeck: Learning for life - learning with heart and hand. A lecture on the 100th birthday of Kurt Hahn (1886–1974) . (= Pioneer of modern experiential education, H. 1). Verlag Klaus Neubauer, Lüneburg 1986, p. 18.
- ↑ Peter Lambrecht: Luserke-Gedenken , in: Mitteilungsheft Nr. 83 (1993) of the association of former students and teachers of the Meldorfer learned school / Traditionsgemeinschaft Greifenberger Gymnasiasten, Meldorf, Winter 1993, p. 10.
- ↑ Photo (undated) : Martin Luserke , student Beate Köstlin (Uhse), teacher Erne Wehnert (later Ahrenshoop ) on board the octopus ZK 14 . From: luserke.net, accessed July 1, 2017.
- ↑ Beate Uhse: With lust and love - My life. Ullstein, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin 1989. ISBN 3-550-06429-2 , pp. 53-55.
- ↑ Martin Kießig: The old ZK 14. Visiting a floating poet's workshop . In: Martin Luserke. Shape and work. Attempt to interpret the essence. Phil. Diss., University of Leipzig, J. Särchen Verlag, Berlin 1936. From: luserke.net, accessed on July 1, 2017.
- ↑ Gunther Nickel, Johanna Schrön (ed.): Secret report. Wallstein, Göttingen 2002, ISBN 978-3-89244-599-9 , p. 160.
- ^ Helga Mittelbauer: Nazi literary prizes for Austrian authors. A documentation . Böhlau Verlag, Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-205-98204-5 , p. 87.
- ^ Karl Wilhelm Justi : The Prophet Obadjah . In: University library of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main. From: uni-frankfurt.de, accessed on July 1, 2017.
- ↑ The Prophet Owadjah , hagalil.com, accessed August 20, 2017.
- ↑ quoted from Kurt Sydow : The journey through life of Martin Luserke . Self-published, Juist 1986.
