State broadcaster
Country broadcasters called the nine broadcasters of public law , which for one or for several German states radio and television host.
A distinction must be made between the state broadcasting corporations and those public broadcasters who organize programs for all of Germany: ZDF , Deutsche Welle and Deutschlandradio .
The nine state broadcasting corporations and the institution of federal law Deutsche Welle have merged in the ARD .
Overview
State broadcaster |
Abbreviation |
logo |
Seat |
Income 2009 (EUR million) | Fee income 2009 (EUR million) |
Positions |
founding |
Transmission area |
Population in the transmission area (million) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bavarian radio | BR | Munich | 1000 | 879 | 2,893 | 1949 | Bavaria | 12.9 | |
Hessian radio | Mr | Frankfurt am Main | 481 | 407 | 1,900 | 1948 | Hesse | 6.2 | |
Central German radio | MDR | Leipzig | 636 | 556 | 2.023 | 1991 | Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt , Thuringia | 8.5 | |
Northern German Radio | NDR | Hamburg | 1083 | 956 | 3,447 | 1956 | Hamburg , Lower Saxony , Schleswig-Holstein (all since 1956), Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (since 1992) | 14.2 | |
Radio Bremen | Bremen | 97 (2008) | 41 (2008) | 300 | 1945 | Bremen | 0.7 | ||
Broadcasting Berlin-Brandenburg | rbb | Berlin , Potsdam | 395 (2008) | 344 (2008) | 1,650 | 2003 | Berlin , Brandenburg | 6.0 | |
Saarland radio | SR | Saarbrücken | 116 (2008) | 64 (2008) | 635 | 1957 | Saarland | 1.0 | |
Südwestrundfunk | SWR | Stuttgart | 1190 (2008) | 959 (2008) | 3,648 | 1998 | Baden-Württemberg , Rhineland-Palatinate | 15.0 | |
West German Broadcasting Cologne | WDR | Cologne | 1350 | 1140 | 4.210 | 1956 | North Rhine-Westphalia | 17.9 |
A distinction is made between multi-country broadcasters such as North German Broadcasting (NDR) ( Hamburg , Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania , Lower Saxony , Schleswig-Holstein ) and broadcasters that only supply one country such as Bavarian Broadcasting (BR). However, multi-state broadcasters operate their own programs to supply the individual federal states (e.g. SWR Rhineland-Palatinate ) and set up state broadcasting houses (e.g. Landesfunkhaus Hannover of the NDR) for reporting from the relevant state capitals that are not the headquarters of the broadcasting company , and to produce own programs for the respective countries.
In order to broadcast the television program, which was very elaborate at the time, the companies formed the working group of the public broadcasters of the Federal Republic of Germany (ARD). Within the ARD, it is precisely divided which broadcasting company contributes to the joint programs and how (cf. e.g. the production of the Tatort series by different broadcasters). A quota is set at which each institution contributes to the entertainment and information program according to its financial strength and capacity. The foreign correspondents are also assigned to individual agencies.
History and Development
The division of the transmission areas was initially based on the wishes of the occupying powers after the Second World War.
In West Germany only six broadcasting corporations were initially established: The British preferred one corporation for the entire area they managed and established the Northwest German Broadcasting Corporation (NWDR). Likewise the French, which resulted in the Südwestfunk (SWF) in the French occupation zone . The Americans, on the other hand, preferred a rather small-scale division according to the newly created states, which resulted in Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR), Süddeutscher Rundfunk (SDR), Hessischer Rundfunk (hr) and Radio Bremen .
As a reaction to the popular uprising in the GDR on June 17, 1953 , the Sender Free Berlin (SFB) was founded as a separate broadcasting company, whereby the State of Berlin left the broadcasting area of the NWDR. In 1955 it was decided to split the rest of the NWDR into North German Broadcasting (NDR) and West German Broadcasting Cologne (WDR) on January 1, 1956. As the last institution in West Germany, after the accession of the Saarland in 1957, the Saarländische Rundfunk (SR) was converted from a GmbH into a public broadcasting corporation.
In East Germany in the GDR, the German TV Broadcasting Corporation (DFF) was established, which ceased operations on December 31, 1991 after the fall of the Wall . Instead, two new broadcasters were founded in 1991: the multi-state broadcasting company Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR) for Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia and the Ostdeutsche Rundfunk Brandenburg (ORB). Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania joined the NDR; from then on, the SFB broadcast for all of Berlin.
Since then, the public broadcasting landscape has changed through mergers: In 1998, SWF and SDR were merged into the new station Südwestrundfunk (SWR); SFB and ORB merged in 2003 to form Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (rbb).
Timeline of the state broadcasters and other public broadcasters since 1945 (including occupation and GDR) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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State / transmission area | 1940s | 1950s | 1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1945 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 1990 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | today | |
Berlin (West) | NWDR | NWDR | SFB | SFB | RBB | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Berlin (East) | Radio Berlin | Berlin radio | Broadcasting of the GDR | DFF / Funkhaus Berlin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Brandenburg | DFF / LSB | ORB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Saxony-Anhalt | Central German radio | DFF / Radio Saxony-Anhalt | MDR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Saxony | Radio Leipzig | DFF / Saxony Radio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Thuringia | DFF / Thuringia 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania | Berlin radio | DFF / RMV | NDR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Schleswig-Holstein | NWDR | NWDR | NDR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hamburg | Radio Hamburg | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lower Saxony | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
North Rhine-Westphalia | WDR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bremen | Radio Bremen | Radio Bremen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hesse | Radio Frankfurt | Hessischer Rundfunk (HR) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Bavaria | Radio Munich | Bavarian Broadcasting (BR) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Baden-Wuerttemberg (North) | Radio Stuttgart | SDR | SWR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Baden-Wuerttemberg (South) | SWF | SWF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Rhineland-Palatinate | Radio Koblenz | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Saarland | Radio Saarbrücken | Saarländischer Rundfunk (SR) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
foreign countries | Radio Berlin International (RBI) | German wave | German wave | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
German wave | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Berlin (West) | RIAS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Germany radio | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Germany | Deutschlandfunk (DLF) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
DS culture | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ZDF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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