List of well-known Austrian emigrants from the USA

This list of well-known Austrian emigrants to the USA contains the names of well-known personalities who left Austria or one of the territorial states from which Austria arose in order to settle permanently in the United States or in one of the colonies that made up the USA from 1776 onwards have emerged.

Note: The sorting criterion is the year of immigration to the United States. The country of origin before the emergence of the first republic is not explicitly stated. Furthermore, there are no people of Austrian descent in the list who were born in America.

17th century

Surname	Life dates	emigration	Remarks	credentials
Johannes Kelpius	1673-1708	1694	Settler, religious leader

19th century

1804–1867 (Austrian Empire)

Surname	Life dates	emigration	Remarks	credentials
Franz Martin Drexel	1792-1863	1817	Artist, banker, founder of Drexel & Co. (1837)
Ignaz Pilat	1820-1870	1856	Gardener, chief landscaper of Central Park , New York City	-
Frederick Gottwald	1858-1941	1859	painter
Frederick Xavier Katzer	1844-1903	1864	Roman Catholic Archbishop of Milwaukee	-

1867–1900 (Austria-Hungary)

Surname	Life dates	emigration	Remarks	credentials
Asher Silberstein	1852-1909	1867	Settler, cowboy, banker
Alois Gassner	1847-1916	1867	Pioneer and major ranger in Oregon
Justina Gassner	1848-1920	1867	Pioneer and major ranger, née Lampert
Joseph Putzer	1836-1904	1876	Redemptorist , theologian, canon lawyer
Leo Buerger	1879-1943	1880	Pathologist, surgeon, urologist	-
Rade Grbitch	1870-1910	1887	Soldier, Medal of Honor holder
Karl Bitter	1867-1915	1889	sculptor	-
Josef Peukert	1855-1910	1890	Journalist, anarchist activist	-
Demetri Corahorgi	1880-1973	1897	Soldier, Medal of Honor holder
Rudolf Schwarz	1840-1912	1897	Sculptor, Associate at the Soldiers 'and Sailors' Monument in Indianapolis
Nettie Rosenstein	1890-1980	1899	Fashion designer, allegedly the inventor of the " little black dress "

20th century

1901–1918 (Austria-Hungary including World War I)

Surname	Life dates	emigration	Remarks	credentials
Fritzi Scheff	1879-1954	1900	actress
Joe Jagersberger	1884-1952	1902	Racing driver
Isidore Isaac Rabi	1898-1988	1902	Physicist, Nobel Laureate in Physics (1944)	-
Jack Root	1876-1963	1902	boxer	-
Moritz Adolph Jagendorf	1888-1981	1903	writer
Max Steiner	1888-1971	1904	composer	-
Ralph Hitz	1891-1940	1906	hotelier
Josef von Sternberg	1894-1969	1908	Director, two-time Oscar nomination	-
Albertina Rasch	1891-1967	1909	Ballerina, choreographer
Erich von Stroheim	1885-1957	1909	Director, actor, writer	-
Eddie Polo	1875-1961	1912	Actor, director	-
Mike Mazurki	1907-1990	1913	actor	-
Paul T. Frankl	1886-1958	1914	Interior designer, architect, painter
Raphael Kirchner	1875-1917	1914	Painter, illustrator	-
Helly Möslein	1914-1998	1914	Lyricist, soubrette, cabaret artist
Rudolph Michael Schindler	1887-1953	1914	Architect, designer and builder of the Lovell Beach House	-
Vincent Bach	1890-1976	1914	Musician, musical instrument maker	-
Joseph Zack Kornfeder	1898-1963	1915	Politician, leader of the American Communist Party

1919–1933 (Republic of Austria)

Surname	Life dates	emigration	Remarks	credentials
Joseph Schildkraut	1896-1964	1920	Actor, Oscar winner (Best Supporting Actor) for The Life of Emile Zola (1938)	-
Oskar Baudisch	1881-1950	1920	Biochemist, radiation researcher	-
Carl Ferdinand Cori	1886-1984	1922	Doctor, physiologist, biochemist, pharmacologist, Nobel laureate in medicine (1947)	-
Gerty Cori	1896-1957	1922	Biochemist, Nobel Prize Winner for Medicine (1947)	-
Walt Gorney	1912-2004	1922	actor
Mark Freeman	1908-2003	1923	actor
Richard Neutra	1892-1970	1923	architect	-
Frederick Loewe	1901-1988	1924	composer	-
Wolfgang B. Klemperer	1893-1965	1924	Aircraft builder, aerospace engineer
Hans Spialek	1894-1983	1924	composer
Michael Curtiz	1888-1962	1926	Film director, Oscar winner (director) for Casablanca (1944)	-
Karl Ferdinand Herzfeld	1892-1988	1926	physicist	-
Greta Kempton	1901-1991	1926	Arts Commissioner for the White House in the Truman era
Salo Wittmayer Baron	1895-1989	1927	historian	-
Siegfried Wortmann	1908–?	1927	Soccer player	-
Greta Keller	1903-1977	1928	Chanson singer	-
Karl Landsteiner	1868-1943	1929	Pathologist, Serologist, Nobel Prize Winner in Medicine (1930)	-
Fred Zinnemann	1907-1997	1929	Film director	-
Karl Menger	1902-1985	1930	mathematician	-
Walter Slezak	1902-1983	1930	Actor, film actor	-
Herbert Feigl	1902-1988	1931	philosopher	-
Tilly Losch	1903-1975	1931	Dancer, actress, choreographer, painter	-

1933 (self-elimination of the Austrian Parliament)

Note: Because of the self-elimination of the Austrian Parliament and the simultaneous seizure of power by the National Socialists in Germany, many Austrian citizens residing in Germany decided to leave the continent as early as 1933.

Surname	Life dates	Remarks	credentials
Billy Wilder	1906-2002	Screenwriter, film director, film producer, Oscar winner (director) for The Lost Weekend (1946)	-
William Lee Wilder	1904-1982	Screenwriter, film producer, brother of Billy Wilder
Lotte Lenya	1898-1981	Actress, singer	-
Joe May	1880-1954	Film director, film producer	-
Arnold Schoenberg	1874-1951	Composer, music theorist, composition teacher, painter, poet, inventor	-
Kurt Robitschek	1890-1950	Theater director	-
Peter Drucker	1909-2005	Economist, pioneer of modern management theory	-
Igor Gorin	1904-1982	Baritone, teacher
Peter Lorre	1904-1964	Film actor, screenwriter, film director	-
Fritz Stiedry	1883-1968	composer

1934–1938 (Federal State of Austria)

Surname	Life dates	emigration	Remarks	credentials
Henry Otto Pollak	* 1927	1934	Mathematician, lecturer at Columbia University
Karl H. Pribram	1919-2015	1934	Neurosurgeon, neuroscientist
Walter Adams	1922-1998	1935	Soldier, D-Day participant , economist
Egon Brunswik	1903-1955	1935	psychologist	-
Paul Henreid	1908-1992	1935	Actor, Victor Laszlo in Casablanca (1942)	-
Herta Herzog	1910-2010	1935	Social scientist, communication researcher	-
Wolfgang Pauli	1900-1958	1935	Physicist, co-founder of CERN , Nobel Prize Winner in Physics (1945)	-
Herbert Penzl	1910-1995	1935	Philologist, linguist
Felix George Rohatyn	1928-2019	1935	Investment banker, former US Ambassador, advisor to the Democrats
Jean Aberbach	1910-1992	1936	music producer
Julian Aberbach	1909-2004	1936	music producer
Christopher Alexander	* 1936	1936	architect	-
Arthur Casagrande	1902-1981	1936	Soil mechanic, geotechnician, civil engineer	-
George Froeschel	1891-1979	1936	Screenwriter
Harry Horner	1910-1994	1936	Art director, director, producer, two-time Oscar winner (Best Production Design)	-
Paul Amadeus Pisk	1893-1990	1936	Musicologist, composer	-
Fritz Rotter	1900-1984	1936	Writer, composer	-
Manfred Sakel	1900-1957	1936	Physician, discoverer of insulin shock therapy	-
Emil Artin	1898-1962	1937	mathematician	-
Vanessa Brown	1928-1999	1937	actress	-
Riane Eisler	* 1937	1937	Legal scholar, sociologist, writer, activist	-
Hedy Lamarr	1914-2002	1937	Actress, inventor of frequency hopping	-
Erich Leinsdorf	1912-1993	1937	conductor	-
Walter Reisch	1903-1983	1937	Screenwriter, Oscar winner (Best Original Screenplay) for sinking the Titanic (1954)	-
Hans J. Salter	1896-1994	1937	Kapellmeister, film composer	-
Victor Weisskopf	1908-2002	1937	Physicist, Manhattan Project Associate , Director of CERN	-
Alma Wittlin	1899-1992	1937	Author, art historian, museum educator	-

1938 (annexation of Austria)

Surname	Life dates	Remarks	credentials
Walter Abish	* 1931	writer
Franz Alt	1910-2011	Mathematician, computer scientist
Maria Altmann	1916-2011	Art collector
John Banner	1910-1973	actor
Noemie Benczer Koller	* 1933	Nuclear physicist, first female professor at Rutgers University
Armin Berg	1883-1956	Cabaret artist, composer, pianist, writer
Gustav Bergmann	1906-1987	Science theorist, philosopher
Marianne Beth	1890-1984	Legal scholar, sociologist, women's rights activist
Bruno Bettelheim	1903-1990	Psychoanalyst, child psychologist
Freddy Bienstock	1928-2009	music producer
Eduard Bloch	1872-1945	doctor
Walter breaks	1904-1970	composer
Victor Conrad	1876-1962	Climatologist, geophysicist (seismologist)
Carl Djerassi	1923-2015	Chemist, writer
Shmuel Ehrenfeld	1891-1980	Rabbi, Torah leader, builder of the Jewish community in post-war America
Karl Farkas	1893-1971	Actor, cabaret artist
Felix Fleischner	1893-1969	Radiologist, co-founder of radiology at the Vienna General Hospital, lecturer at Harvard Medical School
Herbert Furth	1899-1995	Lawyer, economist
Rudi Gernreich	1922-1985	Fashion designer, gay activist
Kurt Gödel	1906-1988	Mathematician, logician
Friedrich Hacker	1914-1989	Psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, aggression researcher
Victor Franz Hess	1883-1964	Physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics (1936)
Fran Hosken	1920-2004	Writer, activist
Ruth Hubbard	1924-2016	Biologist, first female lecturer at Harvard University
Heinrich Jalowetz	1882-1946	composer
Kurt Kasznar	1913-1979	actor
Robert Katscher	1894-1942	composer
Felix Kaufmann	1895-1949	Legal philosopher
Fritz Klein	1932-2006	Bi activist
Eugene Kleiner	1923-2003	Engineer, venture capitalist, co-founder of Fairchild Semiconductor
Leopold Kohr	1909-1994	Economist, lawyer, political scientist, philosopher, recipient of the Right Livelihood Award
Erich Wolfgang Korngold	1897-1957	Composer, conductor, pianist
Ernst Krenek	1900-1991	composer
Charles K. Krieger	1914-1982	Politician, Mayor of Jersey City
Ernst Kris	1900-1957	Art historian, psychoanalyst
Evelyn Lauder	1936-2011	Entrepreneur, philanthropist, is considered a co-founder of the Pink Ribbon
Arthur Lenhoff	1885-1965	University professor for labor law, member of the Constitutional Court
Hermann Leopoldi	1888-1959	Composer, cabaret artist, piano humorist
George Michael Low	1926-1984	Soldier, space technician, manager of the Apollo spacecraft program , director of NASA (1970)
Alma Mahler-Werfel	1879-1964	Personality of the art, music and literature scene, femme-fatale
Thomas Mayer	1927-2015	Economist, economist
Ludwig Mestler	1891-1959	Artist
Walter Mischel	1930-2018	Personality psychologist
Lisette model	1901-1983	Photographer
Johannes Oesterreicher	1904-1993	theologian
Martin T. Orne	1927-2000	psychologist
Erika Ostrovsky	* 1926	Writer
Marjorie Perloff	* 1931	Writer, literary scholar, literary critic
Heinz Politzer	1910-1978	Writer, literary scholar
Stefan Thomas Possony	1913-1995	Economist, military strategist, conceived the American Strategic Defense Initiative SDI
Marcel Prawy	1911-2003	Dramaturge, opera critic
Ingo Preminger	1911-2006	Literary agent, film producer
Otto Preminger	1905-1986	Film director, film producer, actor, theater director, theater director
Ernst Pulgram	1915-2005	Linguist, Indo-Europeanist, Romanist
Otto Redlich	1896-1988	Chemist
Theodor Reik	1888-1969	psychoanalyst
Max Reinhardt	1873-1943	Theater director, artistic director, theater founder
Julius pack	1921-2014	conductor
Wilhelm Siegmund Mud	1904-1988	political publicist
Robert proud	1880-1975	Composer, conductor
Karl of Terzaghi	1883-1963	Founder of modern, scientific soil mechanics, consultant for the construction of the Aswan Dam
Georg Ludwig von Trapp	1880-1947	Kuk naval officer, submarine commander in World War I, father of the Singing Trapp family
Rupert von Trapp	1911-1992	Singer
Agathe von Trapp	1913-2010	Singer, artist
Maria Franziska von Trapp	1914-2014	Singer, missionary in Papua New Guinea
Werner von Trapp	1915-2007	Singer
Hedwig von Trapp	1917-1972	Singer, teacher
Johanna von Trapp	1919-1994	singer
Martina von Trapp	1921-1951	singer
Rosmarie von Trapp	* 1928	Singer, missionary in Papua New Guinea
Eleonore von Trapp	1931-1954	singer
Johannes von Trapp	* 1939	Singer, caretaker of the Vermont family estate
Milton Weber	1910-1968	Violinist, conductor, music teacher
Karl Weigl	1881-1948	composer
Franz Werfel	1890-1945	writer
Paul Wittgenstein	1887-1961	pianist
Peter Zinner	1917-2007	Film editor
Emile Zuckerkandl	1922-2013	Evolutionary biologist
Bruno Zwerling	1922-2008	Artist, publicist, biographer of the comedian Will Rogers

1939–1945 (Second World War)

Surname	Life dates	emigration	Remarks	credentials
Raul Hilberg	1926-2007	1939	Historian, Holocaust researcher	-
Eric Richard Kandel	* 1929	1939	Neuroscientist, Nobel Prize Winner in Medicine (2000)	-
Raoul Pleskow	* 1931	1939	Composer, music teacher
Eugene Braunwald	* 1929	1939	Cardiologist, professor at Harvard Medical School	-
Richard Erdoes	1912-2008	1939	Artist, publicist, activist for American Indian rights	-
Raina Fehl	1920-2009	1939	Historian, writer, editor, investigator during the Nuremberg Trials
Elizabeth Gyring	1886-1970	1939	Composer
Erwin Knoll	1931-1994	1939	Journalist, editor-in-chief of " Progressive " from 1973 to 1994
Walter Kohn	1923-2016	1939	Physicist, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry (1998)	-
Hans Peter Kraus	1907-1988	1939	Bookseller
Fritz Lang	1890-1976	1939	Film director, screenwriter, actor	-
Joachim Neugroschel	1938-2011	1939	literary translator
Felix Salzer	1904-1986	1939	Music theorist, educator
Lilia scale	1896-1994	1939	Film and theater actress	-
Paul Alfred Weiss	1898-1989	1939	biologist
Ernst Florian Winter	1923-2014	1939	Historian, political scientist, founding director of the DAW , participant in D-Day	-
Turhan Bey	1922-2012	1940	actor	-
Charles M. Herzfeld	* 1925	1940	Scientist, director of DARPA	-
Paula Can	1922-2001	1940	Ski racer, Olympic participant in St. Moritz, Switzerland (1948)
Hertha Pauli	1906-1973	1940	Actress, author, journalist	-
Friedrich Torberg	1908-1979	1940	Writer, journalist, editor	-
Robert Goldsand	1911-1991	1940	classical pianist
Bruno Granichstaedten	1879-1944	1940	composer	-
Helen Singer chaplain	1929-1995	1940	Sex therapist
Franz Leichter	* 1930	1940	Politician
Margarethe Stonborough-Wittgenstein	1882-1958	1940	Entrepreneur's daughter, businesswoman, wife	-
Franz Blei	1871-1942	1941	Writer, translator, literary critic	-
Rudolf Kolisch	1896-1988	1941	Violinist, founder of the Kolisch Quartet	-
Georg Kreisler	1922-2011	1943	Composer, singer, poet	-
Elissa Landi	1904-1948	1943	Actress, singer
Bibi Besch	1942-1996	1945	actress	-
Erna Furman	1926-2002	1945	Child psychologist, teacher

1946-2000

Surname	Life dates	emigration	Remarks	credentials
Peter L. Berger	1929-2017	1946	sociologist	-
Otto Loewi	1873-1961	1946	Pharmacologist, Nobel Prize Winner in Medicine (1936)	-
Arthur Schneier	* 1930	1947	Rabbi, founder and chairman of the Appeal of Conscience Foundation	-
George of Békésy	1899-1972	1947	Biophysicist, Physiologist, Nobel Prize Winner in Medicine (1961)	-
Kurt Schuschnigg	1897-1977	1948	Federal Chancellor of the First Republic, concentration camp prisoner, professor of constitutional law at the SLU	-
Elliot Welles	1927-2006	1948	Holocaust survivor, Holocaust researcher in matters of responsibility
Peter Safar	1924-2003	1946	Physician, researcher in rescue medicine, "father" of CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation)	-
Victor Pospischil	1915-2006	1950	Priest , scholar in canon law , controversial defender of divorced Catholics
Leslie Sabo	1948-1970	1950	Metalworker, soldier, Medal of Honor holder	-
Gerhard Andlinger	1931-2017	1950	Entrepreneur
Gusti Huber	1914-1993	1952	actress	-
Hans G. Furth	1920-1999	1952	psychologist	-
Peter Bodo	* 1949	1953	journalist
Eric W. Gritsch	1931-2012	1954	Church historian, Luther researcher	-
Ludwig von Bertalanffy	1901-1972	1955	theoretical biologist, systems theorist	-
Bargil Pixner	1921-2001	1956	Benedictine , librarian , archaeologist, led prominent pilgrims like Jimmy Carter and Helmut Kohl through Israel
Helene von Damm	* 1938	1959	Politician, former US Ambassador to Austria	-
Paul Watzlawick	1921-2007	1960	Communication scientist, psychotherapist, philosopher, writer	-
Otto F. Kernberg	* 1928	1961	psychoanalyst	-
Elfi von Dassanowsky	1924-2007	1962	Singer, pianist, film producer
Mischa Haussermann	* 1941	1965	actor	-
Erich S. Gruen	* 1935	1966	Ancient historian, Austrian Cross of Honor for Science and Art	-
John Ruggie	* 1944	1967	Political scientist from Harvard University , UN special envoy for human rights since 2005	-
Arnold Schwarzenegger	* 1947	1968	Actor, politician
Gerhard Ringel	1919-2008	1969	Mathematician, pioneer in the field of combinatorics and graph theory	-
Ray Wersching	* 1950	1969	American football player (position of the kicker ) and a. with the San Francisco 49ers	-
Wally Ziaja	* 1949	1970	Soccer player, soccer coach
Mike Winter	* 1952	1972	Soccer player
Francis Lawrence	* 1970	1973	Director, Grammy Award Winner (2011 - Best Short Music Video)	-
Wolfgang Puck	* 1949	1973	Chef, entrepreneur, trendy restaurateur
Anton Linhart	1942-2013	1974	American football player, most successful scorer in the NFL in 1976	-
Günter Singer	* 1967	1992	Film producer, private security and military contractor	-
Boris Kodjoe	* 1973	1995	Actor, model	-
Peter Rauhofer	1965-2013	1995	Musician, dj
Mercedes Helnwein	* 1979	1997	Artist, writer	-
Joe Neurauter	* 1977	1997	Independent film producer

21st century

Surname	Life dates	emigration	Remarks	credentials
Franz Welser-Möst	* 1960	2002	conductor	-

See also

• List of well-known German emigrants from the USA
• List of American Swiss

Web links

Commons : Immigrants to the United States from Austria  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Johannes Kelpius, ProGenealogists.com Archived copy ( Memento of the original from March 23, 2006 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed August 5, 2012 
2. ^ Siebenbürger Zeitung, Hermann Müller, John Greenleaf Whittier: Johannes Kelpius (1667-1708). In: http://www.gusto-graeser.info . Hermann Müller, Reinhard Christeller, December 28, 2018, accessed December 28, 2018 (German, English). 
3. ^ Frederick Gottwald, Cleveland history [1] , accessed on August 7, 2012
4. ↑ Alois Gassner / Biographies for Washington County, Oregon [2]
5. ↑ Rade Grbitch, Congressional Medal of Honor Society, cmohs.org [3] , accessed August 5, 2012
6. ↑ Demetri Corahorgi, militarytimes.com [ Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ], accessed August 4, 2012 
7. ↑ Demetri Coraghori, Congressional Medal of Honor Society, cmohs.org [4] , accessed August 5, 2012
8. ↑ Das kleine Schwarze, spiegel.de [5] , accessed on August 2, 2012
9. ↑ Jewish Women's Archive, jwa.org [6] , accessed August 2, 2012
10. ^ Fritzi Scheff, imdb.com [7] , accessed on August 3, 2012
11. ↑ Wolfgang B. Klemperer, obituary, flightglobal.com [8] , accessed on August 7, 2012
12. ^ Karl Pribram's official biography, karlpribram.com [9] , accessed on August 2, 2012
13. ^ Karl H. Pribram in the Austria Forum , austria-lexikon.at [10] , accessed on August 2, 2012
14. ^ Walter Adams, Biography of Michigan State University [11] , accessed July 30, 2012
15. ↑ Herbert Penzl, obituary, sfgate.com [12] , accessed on August 15, 2012
16. ↑ In Memoriam: Felix G. Rohatyn '49 , accessed January 5, 2020
17. ^ Biography, allmusic.com [13] , accessed July 30, 2012
18. ↑ Biography, julianaberbach.com Archived copy ( memento of the original from September 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed July 30, 2012 
19. ^ Short biography, imdb.com [14] , accessed on July 29, 2012
20. ↑ Noemie Benczer Koller, Scholarship, physics.rutgers.edu [15] , accessed on August 15, 2012
21. ↑ Kiryat Mattersdorf (Samuel Ehrenfeld), vhs-burgenland.at, page 4 of 6 ( PDF ( Memento of the original from July 7, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and Archive link according to instructions and then remove this note. ), Accessed on August 7, 2012 
22. ↑ VanSwietenBlog, ub.meduniwien.ac.at [16] , accessed on August 7, 2012
23. ↑ Herberth Furth Biographie, albany.edu [17] , accessed on August 7, 2012
24. ↑ Article about Korngold in the Lexicon of Persecuted Musicians of the Nazi Era [18] , accessed on July 31, 2012
25. ^ Rudolf B. Schlesinger : Arthur Lenhoff (1885-1965) . In: Rabel's Journal for Foreign and International Private Law . tape 30 , 1966, pp. 201-204 .
26. ↑ George Michael Low, NASA biography, history.nasa.gov [19] , accessed August 15, 2012
27. ↑ Martin Theodore Orne on the Pennstate University website, psych.upenn.edu [20] , accessed July 31, 2012
28. ↑ Official biography, graham.main.nc.us [21] , accessed July 29, 2012
29. ↑ Erwin Knoll, article about Knoll and his work, thedailypage.com [22] , accessed on August 15, 2012
30. ↑ Erwin Knoll, in Encyclopedia Britannica, britannica.com, [23] , accessed August 15, 2012
31. ↑ Erwin Knoll, Knoll on his life in Vienna, questia.com [24] , accessed on August 15, 2012
32. ^ Paul Alfred Weiss biography, homepage of the National Academy of Sciences [25] , accessed on August 3, 2012
33. ↑ Elissa Landi, imdb.com [26] , accessed on August 15, 2012
34. ↑ Elliot Welles, New York Times obituary [27] , accessed August 3, 2012
35. ↑ Biography of Peter Bodo's TennisWorld, tennisworld.typepad.com [28] , accessed on July 30, 2012
36. ↑ Bargil Pixner, cenutryone.org Archived copy ( memento of the original from January 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed August 15, 2012 
37. ^ Biography of the Dassanowsky Foundation, elfivondassanowsky.org [29] , accessed on July 30, 2012
38. ^ Official biography, schwarzenegger.com [30] , accessed on July 29, 2012
39. ^ Mike Winter, North American Soccer League Players [31] , accessed August 3, 2012
40. ^ Wolfgang Puck's official homepage, wolfgangpuck.com [32] , accessed on August 2, 2012