List of countries according to the proportion of women in the state parliament
This list of countries according to the proportion of women in the state parliament shows the proportion of female seats in the state parliament of 193 countries around the world. This indicator is part of the annual " Report on Human Development " (Human Development Report) of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), last published in November 2019. The proportion of women seats in Parliament belongs to the " participation " (empowerment) of the Index of gender Inequality (GII: Gender Inequality Index ), the data come from the Interparliamentary Union (IPU).
The following short list compares the three DA-CH countries with the 2018 leading Rwanda and the world average (ø) as well as the individual results of the Global Gender Gap Index 2020 from the World Economic Forum (data status: October 2019):
| Country 2018 | Gender Inequality Index : Parliamentary seats | Global Gender Gap Index : Political Participation | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ?% | # (+/−) | 2017 | 2010 | 1995 | ?% | Minister | boss | P index | # | ||
| Rwanda | 55.7% | 1 (0) | 55.7% | 50.9% | 17.1% | 61.3% | 51.9% | 0.7 years | 0.563 | 4th | |
| Austria | 34.8% | 29 (+2) | 33.6% | 28.3% | 24.7% | 37.2% | 38.5% | 0.6 years | 0.344 | 30th | |
| Germany | 31.5% | 42 (−4) | 31.5% | 31.7% | 25.5% | 30.9% | 40.0% | 14.1 years | 0.477 | 12 | |
| Switzerland | 29.3% | 51 (−5) | 29.3% | 27.6% | 20.3% | 32.5% | 42.9% | 7.0 years | 0.407 | 19th | |
| World ø | 22.1% | 92 (−7) | 21.4% | 17.9% | 10.6% | 23.0% | 20.1% | 8.0 years | 0.239 | 53 | |
" Gender equality " is the fifth of the 17 UN goals for sustainable development (SDGs) - an indicator is the proportion of women in national parliament (SDG 5.5)
Country list
The following list is sorted according to the proportion of women in the state parliament (?%) in 2018, on the left is the ranking of the HDI ( index of human development ), followed by the rank of the GII - the average parliamentary proportions in the world (ø) are simply averaged here, to Hong Kong and Palestine are no data, the three DA-CH -countries are at number 42 , number 29 and number 51 :
| HDI | GII | Country 2018 | Seats ?% |
# (+/−) | 2017 | '16 | '15 | '14 | '13 | '12 | '11 | '10 | '05 | 2000 | 1995 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 93 | 100 | World ø | 22.1% | 92 (−7) | 21.4% | 21.0% | 20.7% | 20.2% | 20.0% | 19.2% | 18.7% | 17.9% | 15.6% | 12.1% | 10.6% |
| 157 | 95 | Rwanda | 55.7% | 1 (0) | 55.7% | 57.5% | 57.5% | 57.5% | 57.5% | 51.9% | 51.9% | 50.9% | 45.3% | 25.7% | 17.1% |
| 72 | 67 | Cuba | 53.2% | 2 (+1) | 48.9% | 48.9% | 48.9% | 48.9% | 48.9% | 45.2% | 45.2% | 43.2% | 36.0% | 27.6% | 22.8% |
| 114 | 101 | Bolivia | 51.8% | 3 (−1) | 51.8% | 51.8% | 51.8% | 51.8% | 30.1% | 30.1% | 30.1% | 30.1% | 14.7% | 10.2% | ... |
| 76 | 74 | Mexico | 48.4% | 4 (+5) | 41.4% | 40.6% | 40.6% | 36.8% | 36.0% | 36.0% | 25.5% | 24.8% | 23.7% | 15.9% | 13.9% |
| 8th | 2 | Sweden | 46.1% | 5 (0) | 43.6% | 43.6% | 43.6% | 44.7% | 45.0% | 44.7% | 44.7% | 45.0% | 45.3% | 42.7% | 40.4% |
| 126 | 105 | Nicaragua | 45.7% | 6 (−2) | 45.7% | 45.7% | 41.3% | 42.4% | 40.2% | 40.2% | 40.2% | 20.7% | 20.7% | 9.7% | 10.8% |
| 68 | 61 | Costa Rica | 45.6% | 7 (+20) | 35.1% | 33.3% | 33.3% | 33.3% | 38.6% | 38.6% | 38.6% | 38.6% | 35.1% | 19.3% | 15.8% |
| 12 | 7th | Finland | 42.0% | 8 (−2) | 42.0% | 41.5% | 41.5% | 42.5% | 42.5% | 42.5% | 42.5% | 40.0% | 37.5% | 36.5% | 33.5% |
| 166 | 125 | Senegal | 41.8% | 9 (−2) | 41.8% | 42.7% | 42.7% | 43.3% | 42.7% | 42.7% | 29.6% | 29.6% | 19.2% | 14.0% | 11.7% |
| 113 | 97 | South Africa | 41.8% | 10 (+1) | 41.0% | 41.2% | 41.2% | 40.7% | 41.1% | 41.1% | 41.1% | 42.7% | 32.8% | 30.1% | 23.7% |
| 17th | 6th | Belgium | 41.4% | 11 (−3) | 41.4% | 42.4% | 42.4% | 42.4% | 38.9% | 38.9% | 38.9% | 38.9% | 35.7% | 24.9% | 15.8% |
| 1 | 5 | Norway | 41.4% | 12 (−2) | 41.4% | 39.6% | 39.6% | 39.6% | 39.6% | 39.6% | 39.6% | 39.6% | 37.9% | 36.4% | 36.4% |
| 130 | 108 | Namibia | 39.7% | 13 (+10) | 36.3% | 36.3% | 37.7% | ... | 25.0% | 25.0% | 25.0% | 25.0% | 26.9% | 20.4% | 17.3% |
| 180 | 142 | Mozambique | 39.6% | 14 (−2) | 39.6% | 39.6% | 39.6% | ... | 39.2% | 39.2% | 39.2% | 39.2% | 34.8% | 30.0% | 25.2% |
| 48 | 77 | Argentina | 39.5% | 15 (−2) | 38.9% | 37.1% | ... | 37.1% | 37.1% | 37.7% | 37.7% | 37.8% | 37.4% | 21.3% | 22.8% |
| 78 | ... | Grenada | 39.3% | 16 (+51) | 25.0% | 25.0% | 25.0% | 25.0% | 25.0% | 17.9% | 17.9% | 21.4% | 32.1% | 17.9% | ... |
| 185 | 124 | Burundi | 38.8% | 17 (+1) | 37.8% | 37.8% | 37.8% | 34.9% | 34.9% | 34.9% | 34.9% | 36.1% | 31.7% | 14.4% | ... |
| 25th | 15th | Spain | 38.6% | 18 (−4) | 38.6% | 38.6% | 38.0% | 37.0% | 35.2% | 35.2% | 34.9% | 34.1% | 30.5% | 25.9% | 19.9% |
| 14th | 34 | New Zealand | 38.3% | 19 (−4) | 38.3% | 31.4% | 31.4% | 29.8% | 32.2% | 32.2% | 32.2% | 33.6% | 32.2% | 30.8% | 29.2% |
| 82 | 36 | North Macedonia | 38.3% | 20 (−1) | 37.5% | 33.3% | 33.3% | 33.3% | 34.1% | 32.5% | 30.9% | 32.5% | 19.2% | 6.7% | 3.3% |
| 6th | 9 | Iceland | 38.1% | 21 (−5) | 38.1% | 47.6% | 41.3% | 39.7% | 39.7% | 39.7% | 39.7% | 42.9% | 33.3% | 34.9% | 25.4% |
| 85 | 90 | Ecuador | 38.0% | 22 (−5) | 38.0% | 41.6% | 41.6% | 41.6% | 38.7% | 32.3% | 32.3% | 32.3% | 16.0% | 14.6% | 3.7% |
| 11 | 2 | Denmark | 37.4% | 23 (−3) | 37.4% | 37.4% | 37.4% | 39.1% | 39.1% | 39.1% | 39.1% | 38.0% | 36.9% | 37.4% | 33.0% |
| 173 | 123 | Ethiopia | 37.3% | 24 (−3) | 37.3% | 37.3% | 37.3% | 25.5% | 25.5% | 25.5% | 25.5% | 25.5% | 21.0% | ... | ... |
| 159 | 130 | Tanzania | 37.2% | 25 (−3) | 37.2% | 36.6% | 36.0% | 36.0% | 36.0% | 36.0% | 36.0% | ... | 30.4% | ... | 17.5% |
| 26th | 8th | France | 35.7% | 26 (0) | 35.4% | 25.7% | 25.7% | 25.7% | 25.1% | 25.1% | 20.1% | 20.0% | 13.9% | 9.1% | 9.0% |
| 29 | 12 | Italy | 35.6% | 27 (+16) | 30.1% | 30.1% | 30.1% | 30.6% | 30.6% | 20.6% | 20.6% | 20.3% | 10.4% | 10.0% | 10.0% |
| 10 | 4th | Netherlands | 35.6% | 28 (−3) | 35.6% | 36.4% | 36.4% | 37.8% | 37.8% | 37.8% | 39.1% | 38.7% | 34.2% | 32.9% | 28.4% |
| 20th | 14th |
 Austria
|
34.8% | 29 (+2) | 33.6% | 30.3% | 30.3% | 31.4% | 32.2% | 28.7% | 28.7% | 28.3% | 32.2% | 25.1% | 24.7% |
| 40 | 17th | Portugal | 34.8% | 30 (−2) | 34.8% | 34.8% | 34.8% | 31.3% | 31.3% | 28.7% | 28.7% | 27.4% | 21.3% | 17.4% | 13.0% |
| 63 | 37 | Serbia | 34.4% | 31 (−2) | 34.4% | 34.0% | 34.0% | 34.0% | 33.2% | 33.2% | 22.0% | 21.6% | ... | ... | ... |
| 159 | 127 | Uganda | 34.3% | 32 (−2) | 34.3% | 33.5% | 35.0% | 35.0% | 35.0% | 35.0% | 35.0% | 31.3% | 23.9% | 17.8% | 18.1% |
| 150 | 126 | Zimbabwe | 34.3% | 33 (−9) | 36.2% | 35.1% | 35.1% | 35.1% | 35.1% | 17.9% | 17.9% | 17.9% | 20.8% | 9.3% | 14.7% |
| 131 | ... | East Timor | 33.8% | 34 (0) | 32.3% | 38.5% | 38.5% | 38.5% | 38.5% | 38.5% | 32.3% | 29.2% | 25.3% | ... | ... |
| 147 | 115 | Nepal | 33.5% | 35 (+10) | 29.6% | 29.6% | 29.5% | 29.5% | ... | 33.2% | 33.2% | 33.2% | 6.4% | 7.9% | 4.5% |
| ... | ... | Monaco | 33.3% | 36 (+54) | 20.8% | 20.8% | 20.8% | 20.8% | 20.8% | 19.0% | 19.0% | 26.1% | 20.8% | 22.2% | 5.6% |
| 50 | 27 | Belarus | 33.1% | 37 (−5) | 33.1% | 33.9% | 29.2% | 29.5% | 29.5% | 29.5% | 32.1% | 32.1% | 29.8% | ... | ... |
| 6th | 25th | Australia | 32.7% | 38 (−5) | 32.7% | 31.4% | 30.5% | 30.1% | 31.1% | 29.2% | 29.2% | 28.3% | 28.3% | 25.0% | 20.5% |
| 36 | ... | Andorra | 32.1% | 39 (−4) | 32.1% | 32.1% | 39.3% | 50.0% | 50.0% | 50.0% | 50.0% | 35.7% | 28.6% | 7.1% | 7.1% |
| 123 | 118 | Guyana | 31.9% | 40 (−3) | 31.9% | 30.4% | 30.4% | 31.3% | 31.3% | 31.3% | 31.3% | 30.0% | 30.8% | 18.5% | ... |
| 13 | 18th | Canada | 31.7% | 41 (+1) | 30.1% | 29.8% | 28.3% | 28.5% | 28.0% | 28.0% | 27.7% | 24.9% | 24.7% | ... | 21.2% |
| 4th | 19th |
 Germany
|
31.5% | 42 (−4) | 31.5% | 36.9% | 36.9% | 35.6% | 35.6% | 32.4% | 32.4% | 31.7% | 30.5% | 30.4% | 25.5% |
| 74 | ... | Antigua and Barbuda | 31.4% | 43 (+50) | 20.0% | 25.7% | 25.7% | 21.2% | 19.4% | 19.4% | 19.4% | 19.4% | 13.9% | 8.3% | 11.1% |
| 91 | 63 | Tunisia | 31.3% | 44 (−5) | 31.3% | 31.3% | 31.3% | 31.3% | 26.7% | 26.7% | 26.7% | 23.3% | 19.3% | 11.5% | 6.7% |
| 124 | 92 | El Salvador | 31.0% | 45 (−9) | 32.1% | 32.1% | 32.1% | 27.4% | 26.2% | 26.2% | 19.0% | 19.0% | 10.7% | 9.5% | 15.5% |
| 39 | 40 | Latvia | 31.0% | 46 (+82) | 16.0% | 18.0% | 18.0% | 18.0% | 23.0% | 23.0% | 23.0% | 20.0% | 21.0% | 17.0% | 9.0% |
| 168 | 139 | Sudan | 31.0% | 47 (−7) | 31.0% | 31.0% | 31.0% | 23.8% | 24.1% | 24.1% | 24.1% | 24.2% | 13.6% | ... | 5.3% |
| 149 | 144 | Angola | 30.5% | 48 (−7) | 30.5% | 36.8% | 36.8% | 36.8% | 34.1% | 34.1% | 38.2% | 38.6% | 15.0% | 15.5% | 9.5% |
| 63 | 72 | Trinidad and Tobago | 30.1% | 49 (−5) | 30.1% | 31.5% | 31.5% | 24.7% | 26.0% | 26.0% | 27.4% | 27.4% | 25.4% | ... | 19.4% |
| 150 | 140 | Cameroon | 29.3% | 50 (+6) | 27.1% | 27.1% | 27.1% | 27.1% | 27.1% | 13.9% | 13.9% | 13.9% | 8.9% | 5.6% | 5.6% |
| 2 | 1 |
 Switzerland
|
29.3% | 51 (−5) | 29.3% | 28.9% | 28.9% | 28.9% | 28.9% | 27.2% | 26.8% | 27.6% | 24.8% | 22.4% | 20.3% |
| 106 | 98 | Philippines | 29.1% | 52 (−5) | 29.1% | 29.4% | 27.1% | 27.2% | 27.2% | 22.1% | 22.1% | 21.5% | 15.4% | 11.8% | 11.6% |
| 15th | 27 | United Kingdom | 28.9% | 53 (−4) | 28.5% | 27.3% | 26.7% | 23.0% | 22.6% | 22.6% | 22.1% | 21.0% | 18.5% | 17.0% | 11.6% |
| 69 | 51 | Albania | 27.9% | 54 (−3) | 27.9% | 22.9% | 20.7% | 20.0% | 17.9% | 15.7% | 15.7% | 16.4% | 7.1% | 5.2% | ... |
| 82 | 87 | Peru | 27.7% | 55 (−3) | 27.7% | 27.7% | 22.3% | 22.3% | 21.5% | 21.5% | 21.5% | 27.5% | 18.3% | ... | 10.8% |
| 56 | 55 | Barbados | 27.5% | 56 (+45) | 19.6% | 19.6% | 19.6% | 21.6% | 21.6% | 19.6% | 19.6% | 19.6% | 17.6% | 20.4% | 18.4% |
| 22nd | 24 | Israel | 27.5% | 57 (−4) | 27.5% | 26.7% | 26.7% | 22.5% | 22.5% | 20.0% | 20.0% | 19.2% | 15.0% | 12.5% | 7.5% |
| 140 | 110 | Laos | 27.5% | 58 (−4) | 27.5% | 27.5% | 25.0% | 25.0% | 25.0% | 25.0% | 25.0% | 25.2% | 22.9% | 21.2% | ... |
| 170 | 143 | Afghanistan | 27.4% | 59 (−4) | 27.4% | 27.4% | 27.4% | 27.6% | 27.6% | 27.6% | 27.6% | 27.6% | 25.9% | ... | ... |
| 30th | 21st | Estonia | 26.7% | 60 (−3) | 26.7% | 23.8% | 23.8% | 19.0% | 20.8% | 20.8% | 19.8% | 22.8% | 18.8% | 17.8% | 10.9% |
| ... | ... | San Marino | 26.7% | 61 (−3) | 26.7% | 23.3% | 16.7% | 18.3% | 18.3% | 16.7% | 18.3% | 16.7% | 16.7% | 13.3% | 11.7% |
| 118 | 68 | Vietnam | 26.7% | 62 (−3) | 26.7% | 26.7% | 24.3% | 24.3% | 24.4% | 24.4% | 24.4% | 25.8% | 27.3% | 26.0% | 26.2% |
| 186 | ... | South Sudan | 26.6% | 63 (−3) | 26.6% | 26.6% | 24.3% | 24.3% | 24.3% | 24.3% | 24.3% | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 171 | ... | Djibouti | 26.2% | 64 (+92) | 10.8% | 12.7% | 12.7% | 12.7% | 12.7% | 13.8% | 13.8% | 13.8% | 10.8% | 0.1% | ... |
| 32 | 30th | Poland | 25.5% | 65 (−3) | 25.5% | 24.8% | 24.8% | 22.3% | 21.8% | 21.8% | 21.8% | 17.9% | 19.1% | 12.7% | 12.7% |
| 98 | 112 | Suriname | 25.5% | 66 (−3) | 25.5% | 25.5% | 25.5% | 11.8% | 11.8% | 11.8% | 11.8% | 9.8% | 25.5% | ... | 15.7% |
| 120 | 131 | Iraq | 25.2% | 67 (−3) | 25.3% | 26.5% | 26.5% | 25.3% | 25.2% | 25.2% | 25.2% | 25.2% | ... | 7.6% | 6.4% |
| 98 | ... | Dominica | 25.0% | 68 (−2) | 25.0% | 21.9% | 21.9% | 12.9% | 12.5% | 12.5% | 12.5% | 12.5% | 12.9% | ... | 9.4% |
| 85 | 39 | China, People's Republic | 24.9% | 69 (+2) | 24.2% | 23.6% | 23.6% | 23.4% | 23.4% | 21.3% | 21.3% | 21.3% | 20.3% | 21.8% | ... |
| 108 | ... | Turkmenistan | 24.8% | 70 (−9) | 25.8% | 25.8% | 25.8% | 26.4% | 16.8% | 16.8% | 16.8% | 16.8% | 16.0% | 26.0% | 18.0% |
| 89 | 104 | Dominican. republic | 24.3% | 71 (−3) | 24.3% | 24.3% | 19.1% | 19.1% | 19.1% | 19.1% | 19.1% | 19.1% | 15.4% | 14.5% | 10.0% |
| 3 | 22nd | Ireland | 24.3% | 72 (−3) | 24.3% | 24.3% | 19.9% | 19.5% | 19.9% | 19.0% | 19.0% | 16.1% | 14.2% | 13.7% | 13.7% |
| ... | ... | Somalia | 24.3% | 73 (−3) | 24.3% | ... | 13.8% | 13.8% | 13.8% | 13.8% | 6.8% | 6.8% | 8.0% | ... | ... |
| 52 | 48 | Bulgaria | 23.8% | 74 (−2) | 23.8% | 20.4% | 20.4% | 20.0% | 24.6% | 22.9% | 20.8% | 20.8% | 22.1% | 10.8% | 10.8% |
| 15th | 42 | United States | 23.6% | 75 (+25) | 19.7% | 19.5% | 19.5% | 19.4% | 18.2% | 18.4% | 16.9% | 16.8% | 15.0% | ... | 11.2% |
| 52 | 27 | Montenegro | 23.5% | 76 (−3) | 23.5% | 23.5% | 17.3% | 17.3% | 16.0% | 17.3% | 12.3% | 11.1% | ... | ... | ... |
| 147 | 134 | Kenya | 23.3% | 77 (−3) | 23.3% | 20.8% | 20.8% | 20.3% | 19.9% | 9.8% | 9.8% | 9.8% | 7.1% | 3.6% | 3.0% |
| 9 | 11 | Singapore | 23.0% | 78 (−3) | 23.0% | 23.8% | 23.9% | 25.3% | 24.2% | 24.2% | 22.2% | 23.4% | 16.0% | 4.3% | 4.8% |
| 107 | 50 | Moldova, Republic | 22.8% | 79 (−3) | 22.8% | 21.8% | 21.8% | 17.8% | 19.8% | 19.8% | 19.8% | 18.8% | 21.8% | 7.9% | 4.8% |
| 42 | 62 | Chile | 22.7% | 80 (...) | ... | 15.8% | 15.8% | 16.5% | 16.5% | 13.9% | 13.9% | 13.9% | 11.9% | 8.9% | 7.2% |
| 164 | 135 | Lesotho | 22.7% | 81 (−4) | 22.7% | 24.8% | 24.8% | 26.8% | 26.8% | 26.8% | 23.5% | 22.9% | 17.0% | 10.7% | 11.2% |
| 35 | 26th | Society. Arab. Emirates | 22.5% | 82 (−4) | 22.5% | 22.5% | 22.5% | 17.5% | 17.5% | 17.5% | 17.5% | 22.5% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| 57 | 59 | Uruguay | 22.3% | 83 (−4) | 22.3% | 19.2% | 19.2% | 11.5% | 12.3% | 12.3% | 12.3% | 14.6% | 10.8% | 11.5% | 6.9% |
| 96 | 106 | Venezuela | 22.2% | 84 (−4) | 22.2% | 14.4% | 17.0% | 17.0% | 17.0% | 17.0% | 17.0% | 17.0% | 17.4% | ... | 6.3% |
| 50 | 46 | Kazakhstan | 22.1% | 85 (−4) | 22.1% | 20.8% | 20.1% | 19.8% | 18.2% | 18.2% | 13.6% | 13.6% | 8.6% | 11.2% | 11.4% |
| 182 | ... | Eritrea | 22.0% | 86 (−4) | 22.0% | 22.0% | 22.0% | 22.0% | 22.0% | 22.0% | 22.0% | 22.0% | 22.0% | 14.7% | 21.0% |
| 174 | ... | Guinea | 21.9% | 87 (−4) | 21.9% | 21.9% | 21.9% | 21.9% | ... | ... | ... | ... | 19.3% | 8.8% | 7.0% |
| 60 | 76 | Bahamas | 21.8% | 88 (−4) | 21.8% | 16.7% | 16.7% | 16.7% | 16.7% | 16.7% | 17.9% | 17.9% | 26.8% | 19.6% | 19.6% |
| 82 | 100 | Algeria | 21.3% | 89 (−4) | 21.3% | 25.8% | 25.7% | 25.7% | 25.8% | 25.8% | 7.2% | 7.0% | 5.3% | 4.0% | 3.2% |
| 34 | 33 | Lithuania | 21.3% | 90 (−4) | 21.3% | 21.3% | 23.4% | 24.1% | 24.1% | 24.5% | 19.1% | 19.1% | 22.0% | 10.6% | 17.5% |
| 62 | ... | Seychelles | 21.2% | 91 (−4) | 21.2% | 21.2% | 43.8% | 43.8% | 43.8% | 43.8% | 43.8% | 23.5% | 29.4% | 23.5% | 27.3% |
| 132 | 116 | Honduras | 21.1% | 92 (...) | ... | 25.8% | 25.8% | 25.8% | ... | 19.5% | 19.5% | 18.0% | 23.4% | 9.4% | ... |
| 126 | 83 | Cape Verde | 20.8% | 93 (−4) | 20.8% | 20.8% | 20.8% | 20.8% | 20.8% | 20.8% | 20.8% | 18.1% | 11.1% | 11.1% | 11.1% |
| 89 | 73 | St. Lucia | 20.7% | 94 (−3) | 20.7% | 20.7% | 20.7% | 17.2% | 17.2% | 17.2% | 24.1% | 20.7% | 20.7% | 13.8% | 14.3% |
| 135 | 129 | Bangladesh | 20.3% | 95 (−3) | 20.3% | 20.0% | 20.0% | 19.8% | 19.7% | 19.7% | 19.7% | 18.6% | 14.8% | 9.1% | 9.1% |
| 26th | 35 | Czech Republic | 20.3% | 96 (−8) | 21.1% | 19.6% | 19.6% | 18.5% | 18.9% | 20.6% | 21.0% | 21.0% | 15.7% | ... | 13.9% |
| HDI | GDI | Country 2018 | Seats ?% |
# (+/−) | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2005 | 2000 | 1995 |
| 161 | 150 | Mauritania | 20.3% | 97 (−32) | 25.2% | 22.2% | 22.2% | 22.2% | ... | 19.2% | 19.2% | 19.2% | ... | 3.0% | 0.7% |
| 21st | 16 | Luxembourg | 20.0% | 98 (−48) | 28.3% | 28.3% | 28.3% | 28.3% | 28.3% | 21.7% | 25.0% | 20.0% | 23.3% | 16.7% | 20.0% |
| 152 | 136 | Pakistan | 20.0% | 99 (−5) | 20.0% | 20.0% | 20.0% | 19.7% | 19.7% | 21.1% | 21.3% | 21.0% | 20.6% | ... | 2.6% |
| 36 | 43 | Slovakia | 20.0% | 100 (−5) | 20.0% | 20.0% | 18.7% | 18.7% | 18.7% | 18.7% | 16.0% | 15.3% | 16.7% | 14.0% | 14.7% |
| 24 | 12 | Slovenia | 20.0% | 101 (−53) | 28.7% | 27.7% | 27.7% | 26.9% | 24.6% | 24.6% | 23.1% | 10.8% | 10.8% | ... | 7.8% |
| 125 | 84 | Tajikistan | 20.0% | 102 (−6) | 20.0% | 20.0% | 14.7% | 15.2% | 17.5% | 17.5% | 17.5% | 17.5% | 19.6% | 14.0% | 2.8% |
| 36 | 49 | Saudi Arabia | 19.9% | 103 (−6) | 19.9% | 19.9% | 19.9% | 19.9% | 19.9% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | ... | ... |
| 111 | 103 | Indonesia | 19.8% | 104 (−5) | 19.8% | 17.1% | 17.1% | 16.9% | 18.6% | 18.6% | 18.2% | 18.0% | 11.3% | 8.0% | 11.4% |
| 98 | 78 | Fiji | 19.6% | 105 (+21) | 16.0% | 16.0% | 16.0% | 14.0% | ... | ... | ... | ... | 9.7% | ... | 5.8% |
| 162 | ... | Madagascar | 19.6% | 106 (−4) | 19.6% | 20.1% | 20.5% | 20.5% | 15.8% | 15.8% | 12.1% | 12.1% | 8.4% | 8.0% | 3.7% |
| 75 | 38 | Bosnia Herzegovina | 19.3% | 107 (−4) | 19.3% | 19.3% | 19.3% | ... | 19.3% | 19.3% | 19.3% | 15.8% | 12.3% | ... | ... |
| 146 | 114 | Cambodia | 19.3% | 108 (−1) | 18.5% | 19.0% | 19.0% | 18.5% | 18.5% | 18.5% | 18.5% | 19.0% | 10.9% | 9.3% | 5.8% |
| 122 | 87 | Kyrgyzstan | 19.2% | 109 (−5) | 19.2% | 19.2% | 19.2% | 23.3% | 23.3% | 23.3% | 23.3% | 23.3% | 0.1% | 6.0% | 4.8% |
| 79 | 94 | Colombia | 19.0% | 110 (−12) | 19.8% | 20.9% | 20.9% | 20.9% | 13.6% | 13.6% | 13.6% | 13.8% | 10.9% | 12.2% | 9.8% |
| 96 | 93 | Jamaica | 19.0% | 111 (−6) | 19.0% | 19.0% | 16.7% | 16.7% | 15.5% | 15.5% | 15.5% | 13.6% | 13.6% | 16.0% | 12.3% |
| 45 | 47 | Bahrain | 18.8% | 112 (+20) | 15.0% | 15.0% | 15.0% | 17.5% | 18.8% | 18.8% | 18.8% | 15.0% | 7.5% | ... | ... |
| 32 | 31 | Greece | 18.7% | 113 (−3) | 18.3% | 19.7% | 19.7% | 21.0% | 21.0% | 21.0% | 18.7% | 17.3% | 13.0% | 8.7% | 6.3% |
| 52 | 69 | Romania | 18.7% | 114 (−8) | 18.7% | 12.0% | 12.0% | 11.7% | 11.6% | 11.6% | 9.7% | 9.8% | 10.7% | ... | 5.6% |
| 46 | 31 | Croatia | 18.5% | 115 (−7) | 18.5% | 12.6% | 15.2% | 23.8% | 23.8% | 23.8% | 23.8% | 23.5% | 21.7% | 16.1% | 7.2% |
| 121 | 118 | Morocco | 18.4% | 116 (−7) | 18.4% | 18.4% | 15.7% | 11.0% | 11.0% | 11.0% | 11.0% | 6.7% | 6.4% | 0.7% | 0.7% |
| 67 | 108 | Panama | 18.3% | 117 (−6) | 18.3% | 18.3% | 18.3% | 19.3% | 8.5% | 8.5% | 8.5% | 8.5% | 16.7% | 9.9% | 9.7% |
| 81 | 57 | Armenia | 18.1% | 118 (−5) | 18.1% | 10.7% | 10.7% | 10.7% | 10.7% | 10.7% | 8.4% | 9.2% | 5.3% | 3.1% | 6.3% |
| 144 | ... | Equatorial Guinea | 18.0% | 119 (...) | ... | 19.7% | 19.7% | 18.3% | 10.3% | 10.0% | 10.0% | 10.0% | 18.0% | 5.0% | 8.8% |
| 143 | 131 | Zambia | 18.0% | 120 (−6) | 18.0% | 18.0% | 12.7% | 10.8% | 11.5% | 11.5% | 11.5% | 14.0% | 12.7% | 10.1% | 9.7% |
| 31 | 20th | Cyprus, Republic | 17.9% | 121 (−6) | 17.9% | 17.9% | 12.5% | 12.5% | 10.7% | 10.7% | 10.7% | 12.5% | 16.1% | 7.1% | 5.4% |
| 167 | 140 | Togo | 17.6% | 122 (−6) | 17.6% | 17.6% | 17.6% | 17.6% | 15.4% | 11.1% | 11.1% | 11.1% | 7.4% | 4.9% | 1.2% |
| 115 | 128 | Gabon | 17.4% | 123 (−6) | 17.4% | 16.0% | 16.0% | 15.8% | 16.7% | 16.7% | 15.8% | 16.1% | 11.9% | 10.9% | 9.6% |
| 59 | 66 | Turkey | 17.4% | 124 (+11) | 14.6% | 14.9% | 14.9% | 14.4% | 14.4% | 14.2% | 14.2% | 9.1% | 4.4% | 4.2% | 2.4% |
| 92 | 71 | Mongolia | 17.1% | 125 (−7) | 17.1% | 17.1% | 14.5% | 14.9% | 14.9% | 14.9% | 3.9% | 3.9% | 6.7% | 10.5% | 7.9% |
| 22nd | 10 | South Korea | 17.0% | 126 (−7) | 17.0% | 17.0% | 16.3% | 16.3% | 15.7% | 15.7% | 14.7% | 14.7% | 13.4% | 5.9% | 3.0% |
| 189 | 154 | Niger | 17.0% | 127 (−7) | 17.0% | 14.6% | 13.3% | 13.3% | 13.3% | 13.3% | 13.3% | ... | 12.4% | 1.2% | 1.2% |
| 87 | 70 | Azerbaijan | 16.8% | 128 (−7) | 16.8% | 16.8% | 16.9% | 15.6% | 15.6% | 16.0% | 16.0% | 16.0% | 13.0% | ... | 12.0% |
| 172 | 149 | Malawi | 16.7% | 129 (−7) | 16.7% | 16.7% | 16.7% | 16.7% | 22.3% | 22.3% | 22.3% | 20.8% | 13.6% | 9.3% | 5.7% |
| 108 | 64 | Uzbekistan | 16.4% | 130 (−7) | 16.4% | 16.4% | 16.4% | 19.2% | 19.2% | 19.2% | 19.2% | 19.2% | 16.4% | 7.2% | 6.0% |
| ... | ... | North Korea | 16.3% | 131 (−7) | 16.3% | 16.3% | 16.3% | 16.3% | 15.6% | 15.6% | 15.6% | 15.6% | 20.1% | 20.1% | 20.1% |
| 49 | 54 | Russia | 16.1% | 132 (−7) | 16.1% | 13.9% | 14.5% | 12.1% | 12.1% | 12.1% | 11.1% | 11.5% | 8.0% | 5.7% | 7.5% |
| 70 | 75 | Georgia | 16.0% | 133 (−6) | 16.0% | 16.0% | 11.3% | 12.0% | 12.0% | 12.0% | 6.6% | 6.5% | 9.4% | 7.2% | 6.9% |
| 110 | 41 | Libya | 16.0% | 134 (−5) | 16.0% | 16.0% | 16.0% | 16.0% | 16.5% | 16.5% | ... | 7.7% | 4.7% | ... | ... |
| 98 | 117 | Paraguay | 16.0% | 135 (−5) | 16.0% | 16.8% | 16.8% | 16.8% | 18.4% | 13.6% | 13.6% | 13.6% | 9.6% | 8.0% | 5.6% |
| 61 | 58 | Malaysia | 15.8% | 136 (+6) | 13.1% | 12.9% | 13.2% | 14.2% | 13.9% | 13.2% | 12.9% | 14.0% | 13.1% | 14.5% | 10.3% |
| 102 | 113 | Jordan | 15.4% | 137 (−6) | 15.4% | 15.4% | 11.6% | 12.0% | 12.1% | 11.1% | 11.1% | 12.2% | 7.3% | 2.5% | 1.7% |
| 134 | 99 | Bhutan | 15.3% | 138 (+33) | 8.3% | 8.3% | 8.3% | 8.3% | 6.9% | 13.9% | 13.9% | 13.9% | 9.3% | 9.3% | 2.0% |
| 187 | 160 | Chad | 15.3% | 139 (+5) | 12.8% | 14.9% | 14.9% | 14.9% | 14.9% | 14.9% | 12.8% | 5.2% | 6.5% | 2.4% | 2.4% |
| 79 | 89 | Brazil | 15.0% | 140 (+13) | 11.3% | 10.8% | 10.8% | 10.4% | 9.6% | 9.6% | 9.6% | 9.6% | 9.1% | 5.9% | 6.7% |
| 116 | 102 | Egypt | 14.9% | 141 (−8) | 14.9% | 14.9% | ... | ... | ... | 2.2% | ... | ... | 3.8% | 2.0% | 2.0% |
| 137 | 136 | Sao Tome & Principe | 14.5% | 142 (−30) | 18.2% | 18.2% | 18.2% | 18.2% | 18.2% | 18.2% | 18.2% | 18.2% | 9.1% | 9.1% | 7.3% |
| 138 | 145 | Congo, Republic | 14.0% | 143 (−7) | 14.0% | 11.5% | 11.5% | 11.5% | 9.6% | 9.6% | 9.6% | 9.2% | 10.1% | 12.0% | ... |
| 55 | ... | Palau | 13.8% | 144 (−7) | 13.8% | 13.8% | 10.3% | 10.3% | 10.3% | 10.3% | 6.9% | 6.9% | 0.1% | 3.3% | 3.3% |
| 178 | ... | Guinea-Bissau | 13.7% | 145 (−7) | 13.7% | 13.7% | 13.7% | 13.7% | 14.0% | 14.0% | 10.0% | 10.0% | 14.0% | 7.8% | 10.0% |
| 19th | 23 | Japan | 13.7% | 146 (−7) | 13.7% | 13.3% | 11.6% | 10.8% | 10.8% | 11.3% | 13.4% | 13.6% | 10.7% | 10.7% | 7.7% |
| 73 | ... | St. Kitts and Nevis | 13.3% | 147 (−7) | 13.3% | 13.3% | 13.3% | 6.7% | 6.7% | 6.7% | 6.7% | 6.7% | 0.1% | 13.3% | 13.3% |
| 154 | 136 | Syria | 13.2% | 148 (−7) | 13.2% | 13.2% | 12.4% | 12.0% | 12.0% | 12.0% | 12.4% | 12.4% | 12.0% | 10.4% | 9.6% |
| 94 | ... | St. Vincent & Grenadines | 13.0% | 149 (−6) | 13.0% | 13.0% | 13.0% | 13.0% | 13.0% | 17.4% | 17.4% | 14.3% | 18.2% | 4.8% | 9.5% |
| 142 | 133 | Ghana | 12.7% | 150 (−5) | 12.7% | 10.9% | 10.9% | 10.9% | 10.9% | ... | 8.3% | 8.3% | 10.9% | ... | 9.0% |
| 126 | 118 | Guatemala | 12.7% | 151 (−5) | 12.7% | 13.9% | 13.9% | 13.3% | 13.3% | 13.3% | 13.3% | 12.0% | 8.2% | 8.8% | 12.5% |
| 43 | 56 | Hungary | 12.6% | 152 (+8) | 10.1% | 10.1% | 10.1% | 10.1% | 8.8% | 8.8% | 8.8% | 9.1% | 9.1% | 8.3% | 11.4% |
| 181 | 153 | Sierra Leone | 12.3% | 153 (−6) | 12.4% | 12.4% | 12.4% | 12.1% | 12.4% | 12.4% | 12.9% | 13.2% | 14.5% | 8.8% | ... |
| 88 | 60 | Ukraine | 12.3% | 154 (−6) | 12.3% | 12.0% | 12.1% | 11.7% | 9.4% | 9.4% | 8.0% | 8.0% | 5.3% | 7.8% | 3.8% |
| 138 | 145 | Swaziland | 12.1% | 155 (−21) | 14.7% | 14.7% | 14.7% | 14.7% | 14.7% | 21.9% | 21.9% | 21.9% | 16.8% | 6.3% | 8.5% |
| 18th | ... | Liechtenstein | 12.0% | 156 (−7) | 12.0% | 20.0% | 20.0% | 20.0% | 20.0% | 24.0% | 24.0% | 24.0% | 24.0% | 4.0% | 4.0% |
| 28 | 44 | Malta | 11.9% | 157 (−7) | 11.9% | 12.9% | 12.9% | 14.3% | 14.3% | 8.7% | 8.7% | 8.7% | 9.2% | 9.2% | 5.8% |
| 129 | 122 | India | 11.7% | 158 (−7) | 11.6% | 11.7% | 12.2% | 11.8% | 10.9% | 10.9% | 10.9% | 10.7% | 9.3% | ... | 7.3% |
| 176 | 155 | Liberia | 11.7% | 159 (+3) | 9.9% | 10.7% | 10.7% | 11.7% | 11.7% | 11.7% | 10.7% | 13.8% | 13.8% | 11.1% | ... |
| 66 | 82 | Mauritius | 11.6% | 160 (−8) | 11.6% | 11.6% | 11.6% | 18.8% | 18.8% | 18.8% | 18.8% | 18.8% | 17.1% | 5.7% | 7.6% |
| 103 | 91 | Belize | 11.1% | 161 (−7) | 11.1% | 13.3% | 13.3% | 13.3% | 13.3% | 13.3% | 11.1% | 11.1% | 11.9% | 13.5% | 10.8% |
| 182 | 147 | Burkina Faso | 11.0% | 162 (−7) | 11.0% | 9.4% | 9.4% | ... | 15.7% | 15.7% | 15.3% | 15.3% | 11.7% | 10.5% | 10.8% |
| ... | ... | Nauru | 10.5% | 163 (−6) | 10.5% | 5.3% | 5.3% | 5.3% | 5.3% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | ... | ... |
| 174 | 150 | Gambia | 10.3% | 164 (−6) | 10.3% | 9.4% | 9.4% | 9.4% | 7.5% | 7.5% | 7.5% | 7.5% | 13.2% | 2.0% | 2.0% |
| 145 | 106 | Myanmar | 10.2% | 165 (−6) | 10.2% | 10.0% | 13.0% | 4.3% | 4.6% | 4.6% | 2.9% | 4.0% | ... | ... | ... |
| 111 | 80 | Samoa | 10.0% | 166 (−5) | 10.0% | 10.0% | 6.1% | 6.1% | 4.1% | 4.1% | 4.1% | 8.2% | 6.1% | 8.2% | 4.1% |
| 41 | 45 | Qatar | 9.8% | 167 (−4) | 9.8% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | ... | ... | ... |
| 94 | 111 | Botswana | 9.5% | 168 (−4) | 9.5% | 9.5% | 9.5% | 9.5% | 7.9% | 7.9% | 7.9% | 7.9% | 11.1% | 17.0% | 8.5% |
| 165 | 157 | Ivory Coast | 9.2% | 169 (−4) | 9.2% | 9.2% | 9.2% | 9.4% | 10.4% | 10.4% | 11.0% | 8.9% | 8.5% | ... | 8.0% |
| 43 | 51 | Brunei | 9.1% | 170 (−4) | 9.1% | 6.5% | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 117 | ... | Marshall Islands | 9.1% | 171 (−4) | 9.1% | 9.1% | 9.1% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | ... |
| 184 | 158 | Mali | 8.8% | 172 (−4) | 8.8% | 8.8% | 8.8% | 9.5% | ... | 10.2% | 10.2% | 10.2% | 10.2% | 12.2% | 12.2% |
| 47 | 65 | Oman | 8.8% | 173 (−4) | 8.8% | 8.8% | 8.2% | 9.6% | 9.6% | 9.6% | 9.6% | 9.0% | 7.8% | ... | ... |
| 188 | 159 | Central Africa | 8.6% | 174 (−4) | 8.6% | 7.2% | ... | ... | ... | 12.5% | 12.5% | 9.6% | 10.5% | 7.3% | 3.5% |
| 179 | 156 | Congo, Dem. Rep. | 8.2% | 175 (−3) | 8.2% | 8.2% | 8.2% | 9.7% | 8.3% | 8.3% | ... | 7.7% | 10.2% | ... | ... |
| 105 | 96 | Tonga | 7.4% | 176 (−3) | 7.7% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 3.6% | 3.6% | 3.6% | 0.1% | 3.4% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| 163 | 148 | Benin | 7.2% | 177 (−3) | 7.2% | 7.2% | 7.2% | 8.4% | 8.4% | 8.4% | 8.4% | 10.8% | 7.2% | 6.0% | 7.2% |
| ... | ... | Tuvalu | 6.7% | 178 (−3) | 6.7% | 6.7% | 6.7% | 6.7% | 6.7% | 6.7% | 6.7% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 8.3% |
| 132 | ... | Kiribati | 6.5% | 179 (−3) | 6.5% | 6.5% | 8.7% | 8.7% | 8.7% | 8.7% | 8.7% | 4.3% | 4.8% | 4.9% | 0.1% |
| 156 | ... | Comoros | 6.1% | 180 (−3) | 6.1% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | 3.0% | ... | 0.1% |
| 65 | 118 | Iran | 5.9% | 181 (−3) | 5.9% | 5.9% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 2.8% | 2.8% | 4.1% | 3.4% | 4.9% |
| 104 | 81 | Maldives | 5.9% | 182 (−3) | 5.9% | 5.9% | 5.9% | 5.9% | 6.5% | 6.5% | 6.5% | 6.5% | 12.0% | 6.0% | 6.3% |
| 158 | ... | Nigeria | 5.8% | 183 (−3) | 5.8% | 5.8% | 5.8% | 6.6% | 6.6% | 6.6% | 6.7% | 7.3% | 5.8% | 3.3% | ... |
| 71 | 86 | Sri Lanka | 5.8% | 184 (−3) | 5.8% | 5.8% | 4.9% | 5.8% | 5.8% | 5.8% | 5.8% | 5.3% | 4.9% | ... | 5.3% |
| 77 | 84 | Thailand | 5.3% | 185 (−3) | 4.8% | 6.1% | 6.1% | 6.1% | 15.7% | 15.7% | 15.7% | 14.0% | 10.6% | 6.8% | 6.6% |
| 93 | 79 | Lebanon | 4.7% | 186 (−2) | 3.1% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 3.1% | 4.7% | 2.3% | 2.3% |
| 57 | 53 | Kuwait | 3.1% | 187 (−4) | 3.1% | 2.0% | 1.5% | 1.5% | 6.2% | 6.2% | 7.7% | 7.7% | 1.5% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| 169 | 150 | Haiti | 2.7% | 188 (−3) | 2.7% | 0.1% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 4.0% | ... | 9.1% | ... | ... |
| 153 | ... | Solomon Islands | 2.0% | 189 (−3) | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 2.0% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 2.0% | ... |
| 177 | 162 | Yemen | 0.5% | 190 (−3) | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.7% | ... |
| 135 | ... | Micronesia | 0.1% | 191 (−3) | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% |
| 155 | 161 | Papua New Guinea | 0.1% | 192 (−3) | 0.1% | 2.7% | 2.7% | 2.7% | 2.7% | 2.7% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 0.9% | 1.8% | 1.8% |
| 141 | ... | Vanuatu | 0.1% | 193 (−3) | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.1% | 1.9% | 3.8% | 3.8% | 0.1% | ... |
| 4th | ... | Hong Kong | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 119 | ... | Palestine | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| HDI | GII | Country 2018 | Seats ?% |
# (+/−) | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2005 | 2000 | 1995 |
See also
- List of parliaments (worldwide)
- Global Gender Gap Index (Subindex: Political Participation of Women)
- Women in politics (proportion of women and well-known politicians)
- Gender Development Index (UN Development Program)
UNDP reports
United Nations Development Program (UNDP):
- 2019: Human Development Report 2019 - Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: Inequalities in human development in the 21st century. New York December 2019, ISBN 978-92-1-126439-5 , pp. 147–160: Chapter 4: Gender inequalities beyond averages: Between social norms and power imbalances, and pp. 316–319: Table 5: Gender Inequality Index (English; PFD: 8 MB, 366 pages on hdr.undp.org ).
- Technical notes. December 2019, p. 1: Infographic, p. 7–9: Technical note 4: Gender Inequality Index (English; supplement to the Human Development Report 2019; PDF: 287 kB, 16 pages on hdr.undp.org ).
- 2018: Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update. UNDP, New York 2018 (English; PDF: 1.4 MB, 123 pages at hdr.undp.org ).
- Download page: Human Development Reports 1990–2019.
German Society for the United Nations (translations and summaries):
- 2019: Human Development Report 2019. January 15, 2020 ( download page ).
- 2018: Human Development: Facts and Figures 2018 - Statistical Update on the Human Development Report. Berlin, December 14, 2018, pp. 7–10: Gender inequality - reducing the gap in order to enable half of the world's population to participate more, and pp. 39–39: Table 4: Index of gender-specific development ( summary as PDF : 421 kB; download page ).
literature
- Interparliamentary Union (IPU): Sexism, harassment and violence against women in parliaments in Europe. Geneva 2018, ISBN 978-92-9142-725-3 (English; 20-page study; download page ).
Web links
-
United Nations Development Program (UNDP):
- Parliamentary seats 1995–2018: Share of seats in parliament (% held by women) (SDG 5.5).
- All indicator values of the DA-CH countries: Germany, Austria, Switzerland. ( Menu of all 189 UN countries ).
-
Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU):
- Interactive statistics: Percentage of women in national parliaments. 2020 (English).
- Inventory of Women's Day 2020: 25 years after Beijing, IPU analysis shows that gender parity is possible. March 6, 2020 (English).
- Deniz Aykanat, Jana Anzlinger: Equal Opportunities in Politics: What Finland Has Advantages of Many States. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . December 10, 2019 (with current statistics on the political participation of women).
- Sebastian Bukow, Fabian Voß: Women in Politics: The Long Way to Gender Equitable Representation. In: Heinrich Böll Foundation . 5th March 2018.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b All individual values of the three DA-CH countries: United Nations Development Program (UNDP): Germany, Austria, Switzerland. In: hdr.undp.org. As of October 2019; all accessed on February 17, 2020 (English; overview of all 189 UN countries ).
- ↑ a b UNDP: Share of seats in parliament (% held by women) In: hdr.UNDP.org. Status: April 11, 2019, accessed on February 17, 2020 (English).
- ↑ a b UNDP: Human Development Report 2019 - Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: Inequalities in human development in the 21st century. New York December 2019, ISBN 978-92-1-126439-5 , pp. 147-160: Chapter 4: Gender inequalities beyond averages: Between social norms and power imbalances, and pp. 300-303: Table 1: Human Development Index And Its Components , and pp. 316–319: Table 5: Gender Inequality Index (English; PFD: 8 MB, 366 pages on hdr.undp.org ).
- ↑ World Economic Forum : The Global Gender Gap Report 2020. Cologny / Geneva, December 17, 2019, ISBN 978-2-940631-03-2 , p. 75: Austria , p. 169: Germany , p. 299: Rwanda and P. 325: Switzerland (English; PDF: 25 MB, 371 pages on weforum.org; interactive data explorer ).
- ^ UNDP: Technical notes. New York December 2019, p. 1: Infographic, p. 7–9: Technical note 4: Gender Inequality Index (English; supplement to the Human Development Report 2019; PDF: 287 kB, 16 pages on hdr.undp.org ).