Wakenitz
| Wakenitz | ||
 The end of the Wakenitz at Falkendamm in Lübeck - the overflow to the Elbe-Lübeck Canal is visible on the left edge of the picture |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 9624 | |
| location | Schleswig-Holstein , Germany | |
| River system | Trave | |
| Drain over | Trave → Baltic Sea | |
| source | Outflow of the Ratzeburg lake 53 ° 46 ′ 47 ″ N , 10 ° 45 ′ 59 ″ E |
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| muzzle | in Lübeck in the Trave coordinates: 53 ° 52 ′ 24 ″ N , 10 ° 41 ′ 50 ″ E 53 ° 52 ′ 24 ″ N , 10 ° 41 ′ 50 ″ E
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| length | 15 km | |
| Catchment area | 455 km² | |
| Big cities | Lübeck | |
The Wakenitz ( Slavic Perch River ) is a right tributary of the Trave in southeastern Schleswig-Holstein , which drains the Ratzeburg Lake and is about 14.9 kilometers long.
The chronicler Helmold von Bosau mentions them in the middle of the 12th century in his Chronica Slavorum under the names wochniza or wochenice . Since the opening of the Schaalsee Canal, the water catchment area of the Wakenitz covers around 445 km².
course
The Wakenitz is the natural outflow of the Ratzeburg lake. It leaves the lake at the northernmost point at Rothenhusen and runs in a north-north-west direction to the city of Lübeck . Until the construction of the Elbe-Lübeck Canal (1896-1900), the Wakenitz flowed around the town hill and flowed south of Lübeck into the Trave. After the canal was built, the Wakenitz was closed off by a dam (Falkendamm) and u. a. drained via the culvert into the Krähenteich / Mühlenteich (see below).
The Wakenitz forms the border between the federal states of Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania over long stretches .
The first section along the Mecklenburg border has long been called the Langer Jammer by boatmen and sailors because it is so narrow that it is difficult or impossible to cross in bad winds. On the other hand, the bank conditions with their riparian forests were so unfavorable that barges could not be towed .
Because of its unspoilt nature, which was also conditioned and supported by its remote location on the inner-German border until 1989, the river is sometimes also called the “Amazon of the North”.
Hydrology
The Wakenitz has a gradient of 4.6 meters from Rothenhusen to the Trave. Due to the Lübeck congestion, this gradient is distributed around 80 centimeters for the entire distance over 10.25 kilometers as the crow flies from Rothenhusen to Lübeck, 1.4 meters in the culvert under the Elbe-Lübeck Canal and 2.4 meters from the Krähen- and mill pond in the Trave. It ends at Falkendamm, a dam directly northeast of Lübeck city center, which was created as part of the expansion of the Elbe-Lübeck Canal in order to be able to maintain the water level of the Wakenitz opposite the Trave.
The water level of the Wakenitz is today 3.50 meters higher than the level of the Trave. Even before that, shortly after the Moltkebrücke, the water of the Wakenitz flows through the culvert canal over the culvert (under the canal-Trave ) first into the crow pond and then under the Mühlenstraße into the mill pond , then over the weir systems of the old Lübeck city mills Mühlendamm in the city Trave . If there is a risk of flooding, water is diverted into the canal Trave and the connecting Klughafen through pipelines. In 2004 and 2005 another flood overflow was built on the Falkendamm. The popular Lübeck residential districts of the suburbs of St. Jürgen and St. Gertrud are located around the Wakenitz near the city . With the Lübeck Landgraben flowing into the Wakenitz from both sides , the Wakenitz was, in addition to its importance for the water supply and energy generation of Lübeck, also part of the medieval external fortification system of Lübeck's city fortifications . The water from the Wakenitz is very clean and was used to supply Lübeck with drinking water until 1972. In order to maintain this state, u. a. Driving on the water with motor-driven vehicles requires a permit. This severely restricts the use of combustion engines and is only permitted for lifeboats, belay boats and tug boats as well as for the passenger ships of the "Wakenitz Schifffahrt Quandt".
history
The Wakenitz was dammed as early as the Middle Ages in order to operate water mills as well as the brewing water art and the civil water art in front of the Hüxtertor . This damming was achieved through the Hüxterdamm and the Mühlendamm , which resulted in the crow pond and the mill pond . At that time the bank line of the Wakenitz was at the street An der Mauer or the Wakenitzmauer , i.e. about 150 m further inland compared to the current bank line of the Elbe-Lübeck Canal, which runs here in the former river bed of the Wakenitz. The water reservoir obtained in this way was used to operate water mills at the exit of the mill pond in the direction of the Trave.
Thus, the reported Aegidienprediger Heinrich Christian Zietz in his 1822 published views: "In order to gain this use, its usefulness is well recognized, Lübeck sat down early in the full possession of that stream, and bought in 1291 by Duke Albrecht II. Of Saxony the Owned for 2128 pennies, under conditions that are still valid and observed because of the water level. ”In 1821 he notes in the footnote:“ This agreed stand is marked by two round columns with metal plates and inscriptions next to the first bridge of the Hüxterthores, and a metal frog a post on Mühlendamm, over which the water must never rise unless Ratzeburg is to be exposed to the risk of flooding. "
In the season, excursion boats regularly operate between Lübeck and the island of Rothenhusen on the Ratzeburg Lake, with connections from Rothenhusen in the direction of Ratzeburg. A wooden road bridge to Mecklenburg had been located here since 1927 and was demolished in 2008. The opening of the replacement building in 2009 was delayed due to legal objection by the BUND . The new arch bridge has been available since April 2009.
The wooden bridge near Nädlershorst , built in the twenties and interrupted by the GDR after the war, was demolished in 1976. After German reunification, there was a dispute over the rebuilding for 18 years. Approval was granted in early 2008. The pedestrian bridge has been connecting Schattin with the Nädlershorst street coming from Groß Grönau since August 2008. However, this has been interrupted since the construction of the A 20, so a small detour is necessary.
When first fishing shacks next Rothenhusen - - only other inhabited island in the Wakenitz which is Spiering Horst . The residents have to operate their ferries themselves and walk across the ice or build jetties in harsh winters. The fishermen's nests along the Wakenitz are no longer used for fishing on the river.
Large parts of the Wakenitz lowlands are under nature protection : in the area of Schleswig-Holstein by the nature reserve “ Wakenitz ” and in the area of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania by the nature reserves “ Kammerbruch ” and “ Wakenitzniederung ”. Other parts are as conservation area designated "Wakenitz and Falk Husen". The A 20 runs over the Wakenitz near Groß Grönau and Lüdersdorf . Initially it was intended to tunnel under the Wakenitz for nature conservation reasons. However, the tunnel could not be financed. Four years after the end of the construction work, however, there have been no visible negative effects on the animals and plants in the surrounding marshland.
Lion City
In the years 1157 to 1159 there were considerable disputes between Duke Heinrich the Lion and Count Adolf II (Schauenburg and Holstein) about the successful trading center of Lübeck. In order to harm the count, the duke quickly founded a trading post on the Wakenitz, which he called the Lion City . According to general opinion, this place was around the present day Herrnburg and was obviously connected to the Wakenitz by a branch canal. After a short time it turned out that the Wakenitz was not suitable for the transport of large quantities of goods. The duke and the count came to an agreement, and so the re-establishment of Lübeck was possible in 1159 (after the city was destroyed by a devastating conflagration).
Flora and fauna
The damming of the Wakenitz created a lake-like widening, especially in the upper part of the river, which gave rise to a distinctive flora and fauna. On the first day of biodiversity in 1999 alone, 102 experts found 2066 different animal and plant species in just 20 hours. These included 217 species that are classified at least under “threatened”.
Reptiles and amphibians (herpetofauna)
Fire-bellied toad , crested newt , common garlic toad and moor frog are observed.
Bird life (avifauna)
The birds red kite , short-eared owl , corncrake , kingfisher , black woodpecker , woodlark , red- backed killer , bluethroat and sparrowhawk can be found here. After some animals broke out from a farm in Groß Grönau , a nandu population has firmly established itself on the east bank.
Fish fauna
The Wakenitz is leased from the Lübeck District Association of Sportfischer eV, which exercises fishing law there and regularly carries out stocking measures. Common fish species are pike , perch , eel , pikeperch , catfish , carp (wild carp), tench and various white fish such as roach , rudd and bream . Above all, catfish have formed a stable population in the original and largely natural river and can reach capital weights there.
use
water sports
On the Wakenitz, several sailing and water sports clubs have their clubhouses on the Wakenitzufer in the St. Jürgen district , in St. Gertrud and in Eichholz. One of the traditional sailors clubs on the Wakenitz is the Lübecker Segler-Verein from 1885 , to 1920 the club Luebeck sailors called and his first regatta hosted by that name on 11 October 1885 on the Wakenitz. He built his club and boathouse on the Falcon Peninsula, which opened on October 4, 1908 and is still there today.
The Eisarsch Regatta , which the Lübeck Yacht Club has held on the Wakenitz since 1969, has a more recent history .
Another regular sporting event is the "WakenitzMan", which has been held annually since 1995. In 2009, over 100 participants swam, partly individually, partly in teams, the almost 14 kilometers from the starting point in Rothenhusen to the finish, the outdoor pool on the Falkenwiese. The organizing club is Tri-Sport-Lübeck e. V.
Recreation
The Wakenitz is also an important local recreation area for the region, lined with hiking trails and used under strict conditions by water sports enthusiasts, especially with canoes and rowing boats. The Drägerweg leads from Lübeck to Rothenhusen on Lake Ratzeburg. Several outdoor pools, including the listed outdoor pool on the Falkenwiese with wooden changing rooms and jetties, which opened in 1899 , offer the opportunity for safe swimming in the summer months due to the low current. As early as 1799 there was a swimming pool on the Wakenitz, the Kreidemannsche Anstalt . The Lübeck school garden is located in the immediate vicinity of the Wakenitz and the outdoor pool on the Falkenwiese .
On the west bank of the Wakenitz, three distinctive excursion destinations have developed over the centuries, such as Müggenbusch and Absalonshorst, which arose from former fishing nests and are still run as gastronomic businesses today. The following settlements exist on the west bank of the Wakenitz:
- Müggenbusch
- Absalonshorst
- Harbershorst
- Nädlershorst , also known as the Russian Embassy after the war , was demolished in 2003. The bridge that was there until 1975 was rebuilt in 2008
- Ziegelhorst
- Rothenhusen
The existing farmsteads are served by the Wakenitz shipping and offer opportunities for paddling in paddle boats or canoes.
The entire east bank of the Wakenitz in the area of the Lange Jammers belonged to the Lübeck exclave Schattin until 1937 and only became part of Mecklenburg by the Greater Hamburg Law at that time . The former Lübeck Wakenitzhorste in this area, Hundtenhorst (opposite Müggenbusch), Brunshorst , Stoffershorst (opposite Absalonshorst ) and Bothenhorst were removed in the course of expanding the inner-German border.
shipping
A passenger ship operates between Lübeck, Moltkebrücke, and Lübeck-Rothenhusen on the Ratzeburg lake from May to September. The Müggenbusch and Absalonshorst piers are approached. From Rothenhusen, a ship runs across the Ratzeburg Lake to Ratzeburg from April to September.
Former ferries
The Wakenitz crossed in the 19th century five ferries for pedestrians: from Hüxtertor by Marli, from Kaninchenberg the First Fischer stalls, from the Weberkoppel the Second fishing shacks in Nädlerhorst and Rothenhusen.
Railway bridge to Eichholz and Herrnburg from the pedestrian bridge, behind the Rabbit Mountain
Müggenbusch
Absalonshorst
New bridge at Nädlershorst with sculpture Overcoming boundaries
Long complaint from the bridge at Nädlershorst
Fährhaus Rothenhusen (sea side)
Fährhaus Rothenhusen (land side)
New arch bridge near Rothenhusen (2009)
Outlet of the Wakenitz culvert on the north side of the Krähenteich (with gauge house)
Flood
- December 1965 up to 3.80 meters above sea level (for comparison: Falkendamm in Lübeck 3.85 meters above sea level)
literature
- Gottfried Renatus Häcker : Lübeck flora. Aschenfeldt, Lübeck 1844. (digitized version)
- Johannes Klöcking : The Wakenitz. Lübeck Heimathefte, issue 1/2. Published by Charles Coleman, Lübeck 1926.
- Wakenitz - Lübeck's second lifeline. Reports of the association “Nature and Homeland” and the Natural History Museum in Lübeck, issue 17/18. Lübeck 1982, ISSN 0067-5806 .
- Helmut Häusler: Wakenitz floods. In: The car . Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 1967, pp. 72-75.
Web links
- Information about Wakenitz on flussinfo.net
- Wakenitz nature reserve, information from the Hanseatic City of Lübeck
- "Amazon of the North" in Schleswig-Holstein Wild, wild Wakenitz
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marc von Kopylow: New Wakenitzbrücke near Nädlershorst comes in August In: Lübecker Nachrichten online, February 21, 2008 ( Memento from August 4, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ On the individual fishing nests and their history: Overview of the fishing nests and their history with old pictures
- ↑ angeln-in-luebeck.de: fishing in Lübeck - Die Wakenitz , accessed on May 15, 2010
- ↑ hobby-angeln.com: Wels fishing - the best catfish rivers in Germany , accessed on May 15, 2010
- ↑ lübecker-angler.de (in the web archive): Wakenitz catfish 1.87 meters long caught , archived on October 31, 2011
- ^ Ernst Deecke : The free and Hanseatic city of Lübeck. Lübeck: Rahtgens 1854, p. 74