Měšice
| Měšice | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Středočeský kraj | ||||
| District : | Praha-východ | ||||
| Area : | 437 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 12 ' N , 14 ° 31' E | ||||
| Height: | 203 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,950 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 250 64 - 251 64 | ||||
| License plate : | S. | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Street: | Zdiby - Kostelec nad Labem | ||||
| Railway connection: | Prague – Turnov | ||||
| Next international airport : | Prague airport | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Petr Lanc (as of 2008) | ||||
| Address: | Hlavní 55 250 64 Měšice u Prahy |
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| Municipality number: | 538477 | ||||
| Website : | www.mesice.org | ||||
| Location of Měšice in the Praha-východ district | |||||
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Měšice (German Mieschitz ) is a municipality in the Czech Republic . It is located 15 kilometers north of the city center of Prague and belongs to the Okres Praha-východ .
geography
Měšice is located on the Bohemian Table between the Elbe and Vltava valleys . The Líbeznický potok flows through the village and feeds two ponds east of the village. Měšice is located on the Prague - Mladá Boleslav railway line , the station is called "Měšice u Prahy". East State Road leads 8 from the D8 motorway / E 55 at Zdiby after Neratovice over.
Neighboring towns are Zlonín in the north, Nová Ves in the northeast, Mratín in the east, Sluhy , Nový Brázdim and Veleň in the southeast, Hovorčovice in the south, Bořanovice and Pakoměřice in the southwest, Líbeznice and Bašť in the west and Předboj in the northwest.
history
Měšice arose on an old trade route from Prague to Mělník and was on the first third of the route. The first written mention of the Měšice manor and a wooden fortress belonging to the Lords of the Cross of the Mother of God on the Lesser Town of Prague was made in 1294. The exact location of these buildings is not known. They were probably located about 300 m south of today's castle in the fields beyond the railway line. From 1400 onwards, Prague citizens can be proven to have owned the goods. During the Hussite Wars , Měšice was burned down by the Prague people. In 1434 a stone fortress was built on the site of today's castle. Two years later, Vaněk Durschmied and the Johanniter from the Lesser Town were named as owners.
In the middle of the 15th century Měšice came to Zdenko von Sternberg , to whom King George of Podebrady in 1454 confirmed the non-hereditary possession. After Zdenko's death in 1476 the goods returned to the Johanniter. In the following 150 years u. a. the Prague Old Town Council and the Senechov owners of Měšice. In 1603 Měšice consisted of only three properties in addition to the fortress and the farm. In 1616 Johann von Tschirnhaus acquired the goods. After the battle of the White Mountain , its property was confiscated and the goods fell in the Thirty Years' War. In 1651 Johann Hartwig von Nostitz inherited Měšice and immediately sold it again. Of the nine farmsteads in the village, eight lay desolate in 1654. In 1677 Johann Hartwig von Nostitz bought Měšice back and connected it to the goods in Pakoměřice. The seat of the Counts of Nostitz-Rieneck at that time was the Pakoměřice Castle.
After Franz Anton von Nostitz-Rieneck inherited the property in 1765, he had the old fortress demolished in 1767 and a rococo castle built by the builder Anton Haffenecker . After completion, the Nostitz-Rieneck line moved its headquarters from Pakoměřice to Měšice. In 1775, the Prague professor Jan Tadeáš Klinkoš installed the first lightning rod in Bohemia based on the modern design designed by Benjamin Franklin on the building. A little later, the system proved its worth in two lightning strikes and the original protests of the subjects against the device decreased. In 1840 the village consisted of 34 houses and had 322 inhabitants. The residents lived from agriculture. After Erwein von Nostitz-Rieneck established a sugar factory in Líbeznice in 1846, sugar beet cultivation dominated.
After the abolition of patrimonial Měšice formed from 1850 a district of the municipality Hovorčovice in the Karlín district. In 1860 Erwein von Nostitz founded another sugar factory in Mratín , which was one of the largest in Bohemia with a daily capacity of 9,000 quintals of beet. With the construction of the railway from Prague to Turnov , the village received a train station in 1872. In 1881 the connecting line Líbeznice - Měšice nádraží - Mratín was built to connect the sugar factories, which was later extended to the Čakovice sugar factory . The entire transport on the "Mratínka" beet railway was initially handled by the three-coupled "SITA" type Krauss No. 45 (III Kb) steam locomotive from Munich. The Líbeznice sugar factory stopped production in 1885 and then served as the defeat of the Mratín factory.
In 1890 the place had grown to 54 houses and had 480 inhabitants. In 1906 the political municipality Měšice was established, which was assigned to the Brandýs nad Labem district . In 1924 the beet railway received a second locomotive, the "VĚRA" from Orenstein & Koppel . In 1931 the sugar production in Mratín was stopped and the factory was converted to the defeat of the factory in Čakovice. In 1933 the community had grown to 160 houses and had 716 inhabitants. After the Second World War, the Counts Nostitz-Rieneck were expropriated and deported to Austria. In 1946 Měšice was incorporated into Okres Praha-sever. In 1952 the village consisted of 180 houses and had 737 inhabitants. Since 1961 Měšice belongs to the Okres Praha-východ. In 2001 1037 people lived in the 359 houses.
Attractions
- Měšice Castle - the building built by Anton Haffenecker in the years 1767–1775 and 1780–1789 and surrounded by a 15 hectare castle park was declared a cultural monument. It has been owned by the municipality since 1996.
Sons and daughters of the church
- Erwein Felix Maria Graf von Nostitz-Rieneck (1863–1931), Austrian politician
