Matuschka (noble family)

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Family coat of arms of those of Matuschka

The Matushka (Czech Matuška , plural Matuškové , Polish Matuszki ) are a Bohemian and Moravian Uradelsgeschlecht that in the 15th century after Upper Hungary (now Slovakia) and in the 18th century Silesia spread.

Since 1747 the family has had the title and name of Count von Matuschka, Baron von Toppolczan and Spaetgen .

history

The later barons and counts Matuschka come from a proven South Bohemian family association consisting of at least 16 families (possibly Vladiken ), which has been documented since the 13th century. Since around 1360 they were wealthy in Laznik ( Lazníky ) in Moravia , where Janko ( Jan / Johann ) is documented in 1373 .

Lazníky, which was then known as Velké Lesinky , is considered to be the ancestral seat of the Laznik-Matuschka, and the Topoľčany Castle, located in today's Slovakia (Fr. Upper Hungary), in connection with the granting of the Royal Bohemian Inkolates on November 12, 1804, also has been recognized by the imperial Austrian side as the headquarters. The secure regular series begins in records in 1440 with the captain and Corporal Matúš / Mathias of Laznik , who was also called Matúšek and in the service of Johann Giskra Brandeis stood. In 1447 he acquired the margravial court in Przedmost ( Předmostí ) near Prerau from Milota von Tworkau , and in 1454 he fought in Poland. He was married to Elisabeth von Lisek ( Eliška z Lísek ) and left behind the sons Martin, Andreas / Ondřej and Matyáš / Matúš, who were named after the name “Matuška von Laznik und Przedmost” (Czech Matúšky z Lazník a Předmostí , Polish Matuszki z Laznikuš i Przedmostu ) used.

Matyáš / Matúš sold a farm in Ober-Laznik ( Šimakovský dvůr ) in 1493 , in 1494 he sat on the farm in Laznik and later he fought like his father as a foreman in Poland. For the services connected with it, he received a coat of arms improvement on October 18, 1519 by the Polish King Sigismund I as well as the title "von Topolczan" ( Matúš Matuška z Topoľčan ), which is derived from the Topoľčany castle in the then Neutra county , where he is presumably also fought.

This Matyáš / Matúš Matuška from Laznik and Przedmost is the progenitor of the family branch "Matuška from Topolczan". He left the sons Mikuláš / Nikolaus and Matyáš / Matúš Matuška von Topolczan, who was in the service of Johann von Pernstein and in 1543 was also Rottmeister in Poland. Topolczan means something like “poplar grove” in Slovak (Topol = poplar ). The form of the name "Matuschka" corresponds to the Austrian-German spelling.

The branch of the family “von Toppolczan and Spaetgen” was founded by Baron Friedrich Rudolf von Matuschka (1706–1770). He married Gabriele (1715–1781), a daughter of the Trier court chancellor Heinrich Gottfried von Spaetgen. She brought the rule Pitschen in the district of Neumarkt (Silesia) into the marriage. Their son was the botanist Heinrich Gottfried von Mattuschka .

Titles and ranks

The state estate (i.e. governor ) for the Silesian hereditary principality Schweidnitz-Jauer , Ernst Rudolph Matuschka von Topolczan, received from Emperor Charles VI. in his capacity as King of Bohemia, the Bohemian barons, together with "well-born" and freedom from red wax . The corresponding document was issued on May 3, 1715 in Vienna.

After almost all of Silesia fell to Prussia after the First Silesian War in 1742 , the Prussian count followed on September 10, 1747, with the name and coat of arms of the barons of Spaetgen, Friedrich Rudolf, who had died out in the male line Barons von Matuschka and Toppolczan. With a certificate issued in Vienna on November 12, 1804, Heinrich Graf von Matuschka, Baron von Toppolczan and Spaetgen, received the Bohemian incolate of the count and the title of baron von Spaetgen.

The titles of the members of the entire house can be assigned to the following sovereignties:

  • Freiherr von Matuschka and Toppolczan ( Lords of the Kingdom of Bohemia, Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation)
  • Count von Matuschka ( Kingdom of Prussia , sovereign under international law in 1747 and not part of the HRR )
  • Baron von Spaetgen (Kingdom of Prussia, sovereign under international law in 1747 and not part of the HRR)
  • Incolat (i.e., in fact, recognition) of the counts in what is now the crown land of Bohemia from Austria, which became sovereign in 1804 when Austria split from the Holy Roman Empire ( Austrian Empire ) and the old Bohemian gentry
  • Freiherr von Greiffenclau (Kingdom of Prussia, 1862 still sovereign under international law, within the German Confederation; title only within the descendants of Hugo Count Matuschka ad H. Kupferberg, Matuschka v. Greiffenclau )
  • For the family members who were wealthy and resident in the former Hungarian part of the Empire of the "Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy" (a branch of the main Pitschen line: descendants of Count Gabriel and Baroness Marie Antoinette Döry de Jobaháza) the name in Hungarian is: "Tapolcsányi Matuschka Gróf "(afterwards given name) or" Grófnő "(Countess) in common.

Family branches

During the 18th and 19th In the 19th century, individual branches of the family were formed, each named after the respective possessions: Pitschen ( Pyszczyn ), Bechau ( Biechów ), Konradswaldau ( Mroviny ), Kupferberg , Kosel , Drewohostitz ( Dřevohostice ).

As a result of the Second World War (1939-1945), most of the members of the House of Matuschka lost their property and forcibly left their place of residence in Prussian Silesia , as well as those properties in Czechoslovakia founded in 1918 , which until 1918 became Austrian Silesia and later Slovakia (Upper Hungary) belonged. They founded a new existence for themselves in the post-war period. While most of the people remained in what is now the Federal Republic of Germany , the members of the Pitschen branch, for example, live almost exclusively in the Slovak Republic , Argentina , Ireland and the USA .

Through the Prussian union of the name and coat of arms of the Matuschka-Kupferberg branch with the imperial barons of Greiffenclau, who had died out in the male line, inheritance of the Mainz Kurstift (Babelsberg near Potsdam September 27, 1862) with Count Hugo von Matuschka Freiherrn von Toppolczan and Spaetgen, they established themselves in the 19th century. Century the today known family of Counts Matuschka-Greiffenclau ("Count von Matuschka, Freiherr von Greiffenclau, Freiherr von Toppolczan and Spaetgen"). This is sometimes referred to as "Haus Matuschka von Greiffenclau". However, from a nobility perspective, it is part of the entire Matuschka house (Kupferberg line).

Possessions

In Upper Silesia

Bechau Castle around 1860, Alexander Duncker collection

In Lower Silesia

In Moravia

In Slovakia

In the Rheingau

Vollrads Castle

coat of arms

  • The family coat of arms shows in red a man in a silver armor turned to the right, the helmet with three (four) ostrich feathers (red-silver-red), waving a drawn sword on the right, his left hand braced. On the helmet with black and silver blankets a downward facing golden pointed hat (quiver), set with three silver ostrich feathers, which are surrounded with wreaths of ash.
  • The count's coat of arms according to the diploma of 1747 is square with a golden shield border and inlaid with a crowned red heart shield , in it the Matuschka family coat of arms. Seats 1 and 4: in a field split by gold and red, two crossed spades of confused color (Freiherrn von Spaettgen), Seats 2 and 3: in black a pointed hat turned downwards, set with three silver-colored ostrich feathers, which are surrounded by wreaths of ash.
  • The coat of arms of Count Matuschka-Greiffenclau is split because of the marriage in 1846 of Count Hugo Matuschka with Freiin Sophie von Greiffenclau, Fideikommissherrin on Vollrads in the Rheingau and the last of her sex, after the diploma of 1862 and covered with a Countly crowned heart shield, including the family coat of arms Matuschka. Four in front like 1747, in the back with the Glevenrad of the barons Greiffenclau von Vollrads and the oblique left bar of the extinct von Ippelbrunn. There is a variant of this that simplifies the number of shield fields.

  • Coat of arms based on the Count's diploma from 1747

  • Count's coat of arms Matuschka-Greiffenclau (number of fields simplified)

  • Count's coat of arms Matuschka-Greiffenclau with coat of arms

Personalities (selection)

Heraldry of the coat of arms of Johann Karl Matuschka von Topolczan († 1692), governor of Jägerndorf and later councilor of appeal in Prague
Antonie Leißring born Countess von Matuschka, wife of the actor Christian August Joachim Leißring (1777–1852), pastel portrait by the Frankfurt artist Johann Jacob de Lose , 1810
  • Jakub / Jakob von Laznik acquired the place Miňůvky near Kremsier in 1439 together with his brother Václav / Wenzel and founded the Miňovští z Lazník family branch .
  • Jíndřich / Heinrich Matuschka von Topolczan studied in Olomouc and was later in the service of Karl von Liechtenstein and his successors. He was married to Maria Czettritz von Kynsberg and after her death with Hedwig Katharina Skrbenský von Hříště. In 1639 he was district judge, in 1674 treasurer and from 1669–1676 governor of Jägerndorf . Died on July 20, 1676.
  • Jan Karel / Johann Karl Matuschka von Topolczan, son of the above, was also governor of Jägerndorf and later councilor of appeals in Prague. Died on February 5, 1692.
  • Heinrich Gottfried von Mattuschka (1734–1779), botanist and philosopher, son of the first Count Friedrich Rudolf
  • Hugo Graf von Matuschka-Greiffenclau (1822–1898), member of the Prussian manor house, winery owner
  • Guido Graf von Matuschka-Greiffenclau (1847–1924), German administrative officer, court official and landowner
  • Guido Graf von Matuschka , Baron von Toppolczan and Spaetgen (1849–1935), Prussian major general
  • Franz von Matuschka (1859–1943), member of the Reichstag, head of the city council of Schöneberg (Berlin-Schöneberg), geologist
  • Hans Josef Otto Graf von Matuschka, Baron von Toppolczan and Spaetgen (1885–1968), administrative officer and consul
  • Michael Graf von Matuschka (1888–1944), member of the Prussian House of Representatives, district president, executed in Berlin-Plötzensee as an opponent of the Nazi regime
  • Richard Graf Matuschka-Greiffenclau (1893–1975), on full wheel, member of the Hessian state parliament, president and honorary president of the German Viticulture Association
  • Mario Graf Matuschka (* 1931), former State Secretary D., ambassador a. D.
  • Erwein Graf Matuschka-Greiffenclau (1938–1997), President of the Association of German Predicate and Quality Wineries (VDP)
  • Albrecht Graf Matuschka (* 1944), financial service provider and entrepreneur
  • Alexander Graf Matuschka (* 1960) HR consultant, coach and real estate entrepreneur => no WP relevance proven
  • Christoph Graf Matuschka (* 1962) hand and trauma surgeon, resident doctor in Berlin => no WP relevance proven
  • Nikolaus Graf Matuschka (* 1963) Chairman of the Executive Board (CEO) of Hochtief Solutions AG in Essen

See also

literature

Sources in archives

  • Brno State Archives
  • Archbishop's Archives and Nitra County Archives , Slovak Republic,
  • State Archives and City Archives Prague
  • Episcopal (chapter) archive, county archive and city archive Preßburg
  • Topoľčany City Archives
  • State archive, court chamber archive, archive of the German Knight Order and former aristocratic archive Vienna
  • Princely Schwarzenberg Archives Wittingau

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Story of Lazniky ( Czech )
  2. ↑ Probably Lysky , today a district of Prerau.
  3. ↑ Matúšky = plurality of Matuška
  4. ↑ Matuszki = plurality of Matuszek
  5. ↑ http://www.historie.hranet.cz/heraldika/pdf/pilnacek-rss-0801-0825.pdf pp. 806–808.
  6. ↑ Owned in Konradswaldau ( Polish ) ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.izba.centrum.zarow.pl