Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza
Coordinates: 19 ° 3 ′  N , 98 ° 13 ′  W
Map: Puebla
marker
Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza​
Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza on the map of Puebla
Basic data
Country Mexico
States Puebla
Municipio Puebla
City foundation 1531
Residents 1,498,300  (2014)
- in the metropolitan area 3,049,326
City insignia
Escudo Puebla.png
Bandera de Puebla.png
Detailed data
surface 534 km 2
Population density 2,806 inhabitants / km 2
height 2135  m
Post Code 72000-72599
prefix (+52) 222
Time zone UTC −6
City Presidency Claudia Rivera Vivanco
Website www.pueblacapital.gob.mx
View of the old town with the Cathedral of Puebla
View of the old town with the Cathedral of Puebla

Heroica Puebla de Zaragoza (often short Puebla ) is the capital of the central Mexican state of Puebla of the same name and the municipality of Puebla with around 1.5 million inhabitants. The nickname refers to the victory of the Mexicans over the French-led intervention army in 1862. The city of Puebla is also known under the name of Puebla de los Ángeles , which it led in colonial times. The name Angelópolis (adjective: angelopolitano ) derived from it can still be found today, mostly in printed works . The metropolitan area of Puebla and Tlaxcala , the Zona Metropolitana de Puebla-Tlaxcala , ranks fourth in terms of population after the metropolitan areas of Mexico City , Guadalajara and Monterrey .

Puebla is a city famous for its beauty, where old and new Mexico meet: the workshops of Talavera ceramics and other handicrafts, the four centuries old colonial buildings and modern industry.

The old town of Puebla has been recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site since 1987 .

geography

Puebla is located in a central Mexican valley at an altitude of 2175 m and is surrounded by volcanoes and mountains of the Sierra Nevada . In the west, the valley is bounded by the volcanoes Popocatépetl and Iztaccíhuatl , about 40 km from Puebla . In the north is the inactive volcano La Malinche and in the east of the valley the 5747 m high Pico de Orizaba rises up. Puebla is located in the irrigation area of ​​the Atoyac River, which flows through northern, eastern and southern parts of the borough and is connected to Lake Valsequillo .

Cityscape

Fountain with the Teatro Principal in the background
Courtyard in the center of Puebla

The brick houses with patio often have a turquoise or blue tile facade with floral ornaments and baroque elements. The city extends over a relatively large area, which can be explained by the lack of higher multi-storey houses.

The most important attraction of the city is the (former) Santo Domingo monastery with the baroque Capilla del Rosario , which is profusely decorated with stucco ornaments and gold. The cathedral of Puebla with magnificent choir stalls was consecrated in 1588 and is the tallest and second largest church in Mexico.

The city received the first university in Mexico when it was founded. The episcopal residence with the large library of Bishop Juan de Palafox is important.

The most important buildings of the colonial era include the churches of San Cristobal and San Felipe Neri and the Teatro Principal from the 18th century, which is considered to be the oldest in North America.

Old town picture gallery

  • the Casa del Dean from the 16th century.

  • Casa de las Bóvedas

  • Street view with San Francisco Xavier Church (left)

  • Street in the old town with the Casa del Capitán Munuera

  • Street in the center of Puebla during Independence Day ("Día de la Independencia")

  • the Casa de los Munecos in the historic center

  • the Casa de Alfeñique

population

Street musicians on a Sunday in Puebla

Population development of the city

year population
1990 1.007.170
1995 1,157,625
2000 1,271,673
2005 1,399,519
2010 1,434,062
2014 1,498,300

Population development in the metropolitan area

year population
1950 298,000
1960 387,000
1970 664,000
1980 1,021,000
1990 1,790,000
2000 2,285,000
2010 2,732,000
2017 3,049,000

history

The city was founded in 1531 as Puebla de los Ángeles between Veracruz and Mexico City to control the trade route. It is located in the Cuetlaxcoapontal. Spaniards and Indian auxiliaries built colonial-style residential buildings according to a given basic plan .

In 1543 the bishopric of the diocese of Tlaxcala, founded in 1525, was moved to Puebla. In 1903 it was raised to an archbishopric by Pope Pius X and renamed the Archdiocese of Puebla de los Ángeles .

After independence (1810), Puebla turned into a cultural center in which a group of exceptional scholars developed: among them Francisco Javier Clavijero, who later became the embodiment of the Mexican people's soul . Ramos Arizpe, the father of the state idea, resided in Puebla until his death. Ignacio Comonfort enforces the first reform laws.

The importance of the city is particularly evident during the second French intervention , when, on May 5, 1862, the Mexican forces, led by General Ignacio Zaragoza (on the hilly terrain of Loreto and Guadalupe), defeated the French army. For this reason, May 5th is a national holiday ( Cinco de Mayo ). The capture of the city by General Porfirio Díaz on April 2, 1867 marked the beginning of the end of Maximilian's reign.

During the Porfiriat, the city kept its reputation and turned into a center of recreation and education, but also an important center of economic development, as a flourishing textile industry emerged here.

At the same time, immigration from Europe increased, with mainly Spaniards, Italians, Germans, French and Lebanese settling in Puebla. The Spaniards represent the largest group among them, their influence is evident in the architecture and gastronomy. They come mainly from Castile , Aragon and Galicia , which can often be recognized by their pronunciation of Spanish.

The French influence is also clearly evident, for example in his monument, a gift from the French community, but also in the kitchen, especially the bread.

The Italians settled in nearby Chipilo at the end of the 19th century: More than 600 Venetos from northern Italy immigrated, which explains the special features of the architecture and the cuisine, which still includes polenta today. The Italian dialect of the place of origin can still be heard in the area around Chipilo. Likewise, the customs and traditions of Italy are still alive.

The Germans first settled in the Humboldt Colony, building houses in the style typical of Bavaria. The most impressive building of this time is the Lutheran Church. This includes the establishment of the German school Colegio Alemán Alexander von Humboldt , which served to maintain the German language and culture. It was reopened after the Second World War and is now an international encounter school with a high proportion of students of Mexican descent. Oktoberfest Pueblas, attended by more than 4,000 poblaners in 2005, is probably the largest after Mexico City. There are also clear German influences in the architecture of Nuevo Necaxa. The settlement of the Volkswagen factory in the north of the city further increased the influx of Germans.

The immigrants who have lived here for generations also include Lebanese and Jewish traders. The Arab tacos have become a specialty of the gastronomy.

The end of the Porfiriat is also unthinkable without Puebla. It was the Aquiles siblings , Carmen y Máximo Serdán , who were the first to take part in the conspiracy against the regime. They became the first martyrs of the revolution on November 18, 1910.

In 1987 UNESCO declared Puebla a World Heritage Site .

III. General Assembly of the Latin American Episcopate

At the beginning of 1979, the III. General Assembly of the Latin American Episcopate took place, at which the Roman Catholic Church of Latin America, contrary to other efforts , confirmed the ' Option for the Poor ' decided at the II General Conference in Medellín in 1968 . The Puebla Conference was the first major international gathering attended by the newly elected Pope John Paul II .

Economy and Infrastructure

Puebla is a center of agriculture, trade, industry and tourism in the central highlands of Mexico. The main products are textiles, glassware, ceramics, tiles, food and automobiles and vehicle parts.

The largest employer in the city is Volkswagen de México , where the VW Beetle was built until 2003 . The Jetta , Golf , Golf Variant , Beetle , Beetle Cabrio and, since spring 2017, the Tiguan with a long wheelbase are currently manufactured there. The Beetle is manufactured exclusively in Puebla for the entire group. Other German and French companies that manufacture auto parts or offer logistics services for the automotive industry are also located in the city.

The international airport of Puebla "Hermanos Serdán" is located 23 kilometers northwest of Puebla.

education

There are more than 20 universities in Puebla, which is only surpassed by Mexico City nationwide. These include the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP, founded in 1937), the Universidad de las Américas (UDLA, founded in 1940), the Universidad Iberoamericana (UIA), the Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), the Instituto Tecnológico de Puebla (ITP), the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM), the Universidad del Valle de México (UVM) and the Universidad Anáhuac de Puebla .

There is also a German school (Colegio Humboldt) in Puebla, as well as one of the largest private language centers for the German language on the American continent (Centro de Idiomas Volkswagen).

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Honorary citizen

  • Kurt Pahlen (1907–2003), Austrian conductor, composer and musicologist

Climate table

Puebla
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
9.4
 
23
5
 
 
7.5
 
24
6th
 
 
12
 
26th
8th
 
 
23
 
27
10
 
 
88
 
28
12
 
 
197
 
26th
12
 
 
165
 
25th
11
 
 
156
 
25th
11
 
 
192
 
25th
11
 
 
74
 
25th
10
 
 
12
 
24
7th
 
 
4.6
 
24
5
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source: CONAGUA; wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and rainfall for Puebla
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 23.0 23.8 25.9 27.1 27.9 26.4 25.3 25.2 24.8 24.6 24.4 23.5 O 25.2
Min. Temperature (° C) 4.6 5.9 8.1 10.2 11.7 12.4 11.4 11.4 11.3 9.6 7.3 5.3 O 9.1
Precipitation ( mm ) 9.4 7.5 11.5 23.4 87.9 197.0 164.7 155.7 192.1 73.9 12.3 4.6 Σ 940
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 7.7 8.4 8.3 8.0 7.6 6.8 6.7 7.2 5.7 7.2 7.7 7.5 O 7.4
Rainy days ( d ) 1.2 1.7 2.4 5.8 13.1 17.6 16.9 17.4 17.7 9.2 2.4 1.3 Σ 106.7
Humidity ( % ) 54 52 53 52 58 68 69 68 67 61 61 55 O 59.9
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
23.0
4.6
23.8
5.9
25.9
8.1
27.1
10.2
27.9
11.7
26.4
12.4
25.3
11.4
25.2
11.4
24.8
11.3
24.6
9.6
24.4
7.3
23.5
5.3
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		9.4
7.5
11.5
23.4
87.9
197.0
164.7
155.7
192.1
73.9
12.3
4.6
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: CONAGUA; wetterkontor.de

See also

Web links

Commons : Puebla  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Puebla de Zaragoza  - travel guide

swell

  1. ↑ a b Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI) : II Conteo de población y vivienda 2005 ( census )
  2. ↑ Mexico: States and Cities - Population Statistics in Maps and Tables. Retrieved July 26, 2018 .
  3. ↑ World Urbanization Prospects - Population Division - United Nations. Retrieved July 23, 2018 .
  4. ↑ http://worldweather.wmo.int/179/c01293.htm
  5. ↑ http://wetterkontor.de/de/klima/klima2.asp?land=mx&stat=76685