36 e régiment d'infantry

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36 e regiment d'infanterie
regiment d'Anjou

Insigne régimentaire du 36e Régiment d'Infanterie.jpg
Insigne régimentaire du 36e Battalion d'Infanterie.jpg

Association badge of the 36 e régiment d'infanterie
active 1776 to 1993
Country Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg France
Armed forces Blason France modern.svg Flag of France.svg french army
Armed forces infantry
Type regiment
Location Caen
Patron saint Saint-Maurice d'Agaune
Ordonnance flag of the Regiment d'Anjou

The 36 e régiment d'infanterie was an infantry regiment, established in 1753 as the Régiment d'Anjou in the Kingdom of France , in service during the Ancien Régime and thereafter with a few interruptions until it was dissolved in 1993.

Until it was standardized by the numbering created during the revolution, it was named after the province of Anjou .

From 1671 to 1753 the later 35 e régiment d'infanterie carried the name "Régiment d'Anjou".

Lineup and significant changes

  • 1776: From the 2nd and 4th battalions of the previous Régiment d'Anjou , the new Régiment d'Anjou was set up.
  • 1791: Renamed to 36 e régiment d'infanterie de Ligne
  • 1793: In the course of the premier amalgams , the regiments were abolished and used as a tribe to form the Demi-brigades de bataille. The 1st battalion was assigned to the 71 e demi-brigade and the 2nd battalion to the 72 e demi-brigade.
  • 1803: re-establishment of the 15th e régiment d'infanterie de ligne
  • 1814: During the Restoration and the Rule of the Hundred Days , the regiment kept its name.
  • July 16, 1815: After the final abdication of Napoléon Bonaparte, the regiment was dismissed along with the entire Napoleonic army .
  • August 11, 1815: re-established as 45 e Légion Lot-et-Garonne
  • 1820: The 45 e Légion Lot-et-Garonne was renamed the 36 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne .
  • 1914: When mobilizing , it set up its reserve regiment , the 236 e régiment d'infanterie
  • 1923: dissolution
  • 1939: re-erection
  • June 1940: The regiment was destroyed on the battlefield.
  • 1959: re-established as 36 e battalion d'infanterie
  • 1962: Conversion into a reserve regiment of the territorial forces. Stationed in Caen.
  • 1993: dissolution

With the reorganization of January 1, 1791, all regiments lost their names and were henceforth only designated with numbers. Until the premier amalgame in 1793, the regiment was now called "36 e régiment d'infanterie (ci-devant Anjou)".

The premier amalgam brought about the dissolution of the regimental association, the two battalions never met again. The previous order was turned upside down and the regiments became Demi-brigades de bataille . This interrupted the line of tradition and did not continue until 1803, when the regiments were reintroduced. A new “36 e régiment d'infanterie” was created, which had nothing to do with the old one.

Mestres de camp / Colonels / Chefs de brigade

Mestre de camp was from 1569 to 1661 and from 1730 to 1780 the denomination of rank for the regiment holder and / or for the officer in charge of the regiment. The name "Colonel" was used from 1721 to 1730, from 1791 to 1793 and from 1803, "Chef de brigade" from 1793 to 1803.

After 1791 there were no more regimental owners.

Should the Mestre de camp / Colonel be a person of the high nobility who had no interest in leading the regiment, the command was given to the “Mestre de camp lieutenant” (or “Mestre de camp en second”) or the Leave a colonel lieutenant or colonel en second.

  • April 26, 1775: Alexandre-Louis, vicomte de Mailly
  • January 1, 1784: Michel-Palamède de Forbin, comte de Janson
  • July 25, 1791: Louis-Gabriel-Marie de Contades de Gizeux
  • February 5, 1792: Jean-Henri de Wildermouth
  • June 29, 1792: Augustin-Joseph Isambert
  • March 8, 1793: Jean-Baptiste-Philibert Bodin de Saint-Laurent
  • [...]
  • 1803: Jean-François Graindorge
  • 1805: Antoine-Charles Houdard de Lamotte
  • 1806: Pierre-André-Hercule Berlier
  • 1811: Jean-François-Antoine Metrot
  • [...]
  • 1849: Colonel Blanchard
  • June 1940: Lieutenant-Colonel Bléger

Royal Army Uniforms

  • 1776

  • 1779

  • 1791

Mission history

After the formation, the regiment left Perpignan and marched to Grenoble , where it arrived in August.

The first task in 1775 was the escort of honor for the Princess Clotilde de France , when the fiancée of the Duke of Savoy broke over to Sardinian territory at the bridge of Beauvoisin .

Jean-Baptiste-Jules Bernadotte, later Marshal of France and King of Sweden, Lieutenant in the 36 e régiment de ligne 1792. Painting by Louis-Félix Amiel (1802–1864), 1834.

Then the regiment moved to Lille in December 1775 , to Dunkirk in July 1778, to Saint-Omer (Pas-de-Calais) in July 1779 , to Dieppe in August 1779 , to Saint-Omer in December 1779, and to Berghes in June 1780 , in November 1783 to Rouen , in May 1784 to Brest (Finistère) , in April 1788 to Tours , in August of the same year to La Rochelle and in November to Tours. The 2nd Battalion was posted to Blois in December 1790 . In February 1791 the regiment was in Saint-Servan and Saint-Brieuc , where a large number of officers left their units to either retire from military service altogether or to "emigrate"; H. to join the troops of the royalists of the Count of Artois . The later King of Sweden, Charles XIV. John, served as a Sous-lieutenant in the regiment at this time . In 1792 the regiment was assigned to the “Armée du Rhin” (Rhine Army).

In 1793 the regiment was involved in the intrigues of the army commander Général de division Adam-Philippe de Custine , who had replaced the regiment commander and replaced him with the lieutenant-colonel Ferrette. It was one of the nails on de Custine's coffin that was accused of this operation in his trial. There was unrest in the regiment, the two battalions of which were then deployed separately.

The 1st Battalion was commanded to the Armée du Rhin (Rhine Army) and moved into its garrison in the Kastel bridgehead of the Mainz fortress . It could stand out in the defense of the fortress in 1793. During the honorable departure after the surrender, the regiment formed the head of the left column and provided the vanguard during the retreat. A few days later it was sent to reinforce the "Armée du Nord" that had just been defeated. The battalion fought in the battles of May 7th, 8th and 9th near Saint-Amand, in the blockade of Condé-sur-l'Escaut , in the battles of September 7th, 8th and 9th near Ypres , in the Battle of Hondschoote and various skirmishes at Orchies . With the army of Jean-Charles Pichegru it was involved in the conquest of the Spanish Netherlands . On April 4, the battalion was used to set up the "71 e demi-brigade de bataille".

The 2nd Battalion was transferred from the Army of Custines to the Armée de la Moselle , with which it took part in the battle at Arlon on June 9, 1793. On April 17, 1794 it was used to set up the "72 e demi-brigade de bataille".

Wars of the Revolution and the First Empire

1815 to 1870

  • 1830: By order of September 18, a 4th battalion was set up, increasing the regiment's staff to 3,000 men.

In 1849 the unit was transferred to the Mediterranean Expeditionary Force. Here it was involved in the fight against the Roman Republic and the siege of Rome.

By decree of May 2, 1859, the regiment had to hand over a company to set up the “102 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne”.

Franco-German War

On August 6, 1870, the 36 e RI fought in the Battle of Wörth . The losses amounted to 45 officers and 960 soldiers and non-commissioned officers of the dead, wounded and prisoners.

In the battle, after a bloody fight, the regiment lost its flag and the eagle, which were captured by Bavarian troops. The eagle did not return to France until 1946.

The Germans made a postcard depicting the situation and bearing the inscription:

Woerth, August 6, 1870
Capture of a French flag
by the
Royal Bavarian 2nd Infantry Regiment

1871 to 1914

After the defeat of 1870 and the related reorganization of the army moved into the 36 e régiment d'the "Caserne Lefèbvre" infantry in the fortress of Caen . It remained here until the outbreak of the First World War.

First World War

The 36 e RI belonged to the 10th Infantry Brigade of the 5th Infantry Division (August 1914 to May 1917) in the 3rd Army Corps. From May 1917 to November 1918 the regiment belonged to the 121st Infantry Division.

1914

1915

1916

1917

  • January to February: trench warfare at Les Éparges
  • March to April: trench warfare near Lunéville
  • April: Trench warfare at Noyon on the Oise
  • June to August: Position battles on the Aisne, in June at Urvillers (the regiment was transferred to the 121st Infantry Division), in August at Cerny and in December at the Chemin des Dames

1918

Battlefield at Kemmelberg

Interwar period

In 1923 the regiment was disbanded.

Second World War

Re- erected in 1939 because of the impending Second World War , it formed at the outbreak of war in 1940, together with the 74 e régiment d'infanterie , the 119 e régiment d'infanterie, the 43 e régiment d'artillerie divisionnaire (43rd division artillery regiment), the 243rd division e régiment d'artillerie lourde divisionnaire (243rd heavy division artillery regiment) and the 13th e groupe de reconnaissance de division d'infanterie (13th infantry division reconnaissance group) the 6th infantry division

After the heavy losses in June 1940, the regiment was disbanded.

post war period

Re-established as 36 e battalion d'infanterie, it was used in the Algerian War from 1960 to 1962 .

After the end of the war, the 36 e bataillon d'infanterie was used on March 19, 1962, as well as 91 other units to form the national armed forces. The basis was the contract of Évian of March 18, 1962. The 36 e BI set up in Messobket the 494 e UFL-UFO (UFL = Union des forces locales - UFO = Unions des forces de l'Ordre ) of the armed forces of the provisional Algerian government . The unit consisted of 10% military personnel from the metropolitan areas and 90% of military personnel with rural roots (Militaires musulmans) .

After returning from Algeria, the unit was converted into an inactive reserve regiment (36 e régiment de réserve des forces du territoire) and assigned to the territorial defense. The mobilization base was Caen.

Regimental flags since Napoleonic times

On the back of the regimental flag (since Napoleonic times) the campaigns and battles in which the regiment took part are listed in gold letters.

In its history, the regiment carried around 16 different flags one after the other.

  • last flag carried (front)

  • last flag used (back)

Awards

The flag ribbon is decorated with the Croix de guerre 1914–1918 Croix de guerre 3 p-1 g.png with three palm branches for three honorable mention in the army command and a gold star for a special mention in the corps command.

The members of the regiment have the right to wear the Fourragère in the colors of the Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (even if it is re-established) .

literature

  • Général Serge Andolenko : Recueil d'historiques de l'infanterie française. Eurimprim, Paris 1969.
  • M. Pinard: Chronologie historique-militaire. Volume 2 ( digitized on Gallica ), 4 ( digitized ), 5 ( digitized ), 7 ( digitized ) and 8 ( digitized ). Claude Hérissant, Paris 1760, 1761, 1762, 1764 and 1778.
  • Jacques Riboud: Souvenir d'une bataille perdue. 1939/1940. François-Xavier de Guibert, 2006, ISBN 978-2-7554-0006-9 .
  • René Chartrand: Ticonderoga 1758. Montcalm's victory against all odds (= Campaign , Volume 76). Osprey Publishing, Oxford 2000, ISBN 978-1-84176-093-3 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Pierre Lemau de la Jaisse: Cinquième abrégé de la carte générale du militaire de France, sur terre et sur mer. Depuis Novembre 1737 jusqu'en Décembre 1738. Gandouin et al., Paris 1739, OCLC 458013263 .

Web links

Commons : Drapeaux du 36e regiment d'infanterie  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Footnotes

  1. ↑ From the 72 e demi-brigade the 30 e régiment d'infanterie was formed in 1803 .
  2. ↑ In the French understanding of tradition, however, the demi-brigades are included.
  3. ↑ Victor Louis Jean François Belhomme: Histoire de l'infantry en France. Volume 5. p. 151 ( digitized on Gallica ).
  4. ↑ «  Décision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT du 14 September 2007 relative aux inscriptions de noms de batailles sur les drapeaux et étendards des corps de troupe de l'armée de terre, du service de santé des armées et du service des essences des armées, Bulletin officiel des armées, n ° 27, 9 November 2007  »(German:“ Provision n ° 12350 / SGA / DPMA / SHD / DAT of September 14, 2007 on the appearance of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the Troops of the army, the medical service and the fuel supply branch. Published with the official army bulletin No. 27 of November 9, 2007 ")
  5. ↑ "  Arrêté relatif à l'attribution de l'inscription AFN 1952–1962 sur les drapeaux et étendards des formations des armées et services, du 19 novembre 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie  " (German: "Order AFN 1952–1962 on the assignment of the inscriptions on the flags and standards of the formations of the army and the services of November 19, 2004 (A) NORDEF0452926A Michèle Alliot-Marie ")
  6. ↑ This also applies to units that have already been disbanded, as they can (theoretically) be put back into active service at any time