Sacavém
| Sacavém | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | ||||||
| Region : | Lisboa | |||||
| Sub-region : | Lisbon metropolitan area | |||||
| District : | Lisbon | |||||
| Concelho : | Loures | |||||
| Freguesia : | União das Freguesias de Sacavém e Prior Velho | |||||
| Coordinates : | 38 ° 48 ′ N , 9 ° 6 ′ W | |||||
| Postal code : | 2685 | |||||
| politics | ||||||
| Website: | www.jfsacavem.pt | |||||
Sacavém is a Portuguese city and former municipality ( freguesia ) in the Loures district , just a few kilometers northeast of Portugal's capital, Lisbon . The municipality had a territory of 3.8 km² with a population of 18,538 people (as of June 30, 2011).
geography
Sacavém is located a little east of the center of the Loures district and is bordered by the neighboring communities of Unhos in the northwest, Camarate in the west, Prior Velho in the southwest, Portela in the south and Moscavide in the southeast. In the east lies the Tejo and in the north the Rio Trancão , which was previously called the Rio de Sacavém . The municipality of Bobadela is located on the northern bank of the Trancão .
In addition to the Tejo and Rio Trancão, the city is also traversed by the smaller rivers Ribeira do Prior Velho and Rio Alviela , both of which cross the urban area today in underground canals.
The surface profile is relatively flat. The regions on the banks of the Tejo are roughly at sea level, while the border with the communities of Camarate and Unhos is around 60 m above sea level. d. M. lies. Notable elevations are the monte de Sintra , on which the Forte de Sacavém is located, and the hill with the historic town center, which is about 38 m above sea level. d. M. achieved.
Traditionally, sacavém is seen divided in half, viz
- Sacavém de Cima ( Upper Sacavém ) with the historic town center around the square in front of the Capela de Santo André e Nossa Senhora da Saúde , which is located on a small hill
- Sacavém de Baixo ( lower Sacavém ), which was formed around the monastery and church on the banks of the Trancão.
In addition, some urban districts have been added in recent decades, namely Courela do Foguete , Fonte Perra , Olival Covo , Quinta Nova , Quinta do Património , Real Forte and Terraços da Ponte , the latter replacing the old and run-down district of Quinta do Mocho , in which For decades, citizens from the former African colonies lived in the poorest living conditions.
history
Prehistory to Moorish rule
It has long been known that Sacavém is one of the longest populated places in Portugal. Pinho Leal writes in his monumental chronicle Portugal Antigo e Moderno : "Sacavém is undeniably a very old settlement that already existed in Roman times."
However, there is evidence that Sacavém may have been settled as early as the Neolithic , but more likely in the Copper Age . It is certain that in the 1st century AD two important Roman roads crossed in Sacavém, namely
- the via XV , the Lisbon (then Olisipo ) with today's Mérida ( Spain , then Emerita Augusta ) joined and then also by the important administrative center Scalabicastrum, today Santarém led.
- the via XVI , the Lisbon and today's Braga (then Bracara Augusta ) of, capital of conventus Bracara in the province of Gallaecia , combined.
Remnants of these two Roman roads still exist, they are under the paving of Rua António Ricardo Rodrigues and Rua José Luís de Morais , which were also the main axis of the city formation between the Upper Sacavém and the Lower Sacavém.
The importance of Sacavém at this time goes back not least to the bridge over the Rio Trancão, which was built by the Romans and which, as sources such as Francisco de Holanda and Miguel Leitão de Andrade claim, should have existed in the 17th century. This bridge was the natural continuation of the two above-mentioned roads and connected Sacavém with the river banks in the north of the urban area.
The Roman rule was followed by that of the Visigoths , who built the Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres chapel , under which the ruins of the Nossa Senhora da Vitória chapel and Moorish buildings are today . The current name Sacavém may have come from the Arabic language and originated during the time of the Moorish occupation. The Latinized sacabis, -is may have originated from the Arabic word šagabi (next or neighbor) ; from whose accusative sacabem followed the modern Sacavém . The name suggests that Sacavém was an important city alongside Lisbon. On the other hand, documents from the Islamic period have recently been found in which the city is referred to as šaqaban, which is much closer to today's pronunciation.
Reconquista and the Middle Ages
According to legend, the bank of the Trancão was the scene of the semi-mystical battle of Sacavém between King D. Afonso Henriques and the Moors in October 1147. The Moors outnumbered (5000 men from all parts of the Estremadura against 1500 Christians), however defeated by the Christians in a great bloodbath. This miraculous victory is attributed to the intervention of the Mother of God personally, who is said to have made many miraculous men appear during the battle. It is said that Bezai Zaide, the leader of the Moors, subsequently converted to Christianity and even became the first minister of the Nossa Senhora dos Mártires chapel , which D. Afonso Henriques had built a few days after the battle.
The king also had the old church Igreja de Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres rebuilt. This was destroyed during the Moorish rule, although the Christian faith was allowed against the payment of tributes. The church received a new consecration, namely Nossa Senhora da Vitória , and became the seat of a parish.
After the conquest of Portugal by D. Afonso Henriques, Sacavém became a royal fiefdom that took a significant development in agriculture. The first documentary mention of Sacavém comes from this period, namely in a document by King D. Sancho I , in which the Church of Nossa Senhora da Vitória de Sacavém is mentioned as part of the lands that were divided over the frequent disputes between the bishop of Lisbon and the local church administration.
Pinho Leal reports that Sacavém was a parish with 900 households in the 12th century, which is now considered too high for that time. During the 13th century there must have been a significant Jewish community in Sacavém who lived in a ghetto . There are also indications of an asylum for lepers and a chapel dedicated to the Apostle Andrew and an asylum for the poor. The drinking water was supplied partly from the Trancão and partly from the Poço dos Trapos fountain .
At the end of the 13th century (1288), the Prior of Sacavém was one of those who campaigned for Pope Nicholas IV to set up a studium generale in Lisbon.
At the end of the 14th century, the Sacavém fief of D. Fernando I was pledged to his future wife Leonore Teles de Menezes . Although the place was then part of the queen's sphere of influence, he supported the later King João I in his power struggle. After its triumph in 1385, Sacavém was administratively defeated in Lisbon. São João da Talha split off and went into the domain of Nuno Álvares Pereira . Sacavém thus became a fiefdom of the powerful House of Braganza . These fiefdoms gave the Counts of Bragança some rights, for example to determine the local prior or to collect a fee for the use of the bridge over the Rio Trancão. After the Roman bridge collapsed, the river was crossed by ferries, with the count selling the ferrymen's business license for 300,000 reals. At the beginning the ferry price was 3 reals per rider. The count later decided to increase the ferry price to 5 reals per pedestrian, 20 reals per rider or draft animal and 40 reals per carriage.
There are several documented mentions from the 15th and 16th centuries. The chronicles of Duarte Nunes de Leão and Rui de Pina write that the royal family fled to Sacavém in 1415 when a plague broke out in Lisbon. The Queen Philippa of Lancaster is to had died in the hermitage of Sacavém of the plague before King João I. by Morocco departed to Ceuta to conquer. However, the chronicler Gomes Eanes de Zurara reports that the royal family fled to Odivelas , and not Sacavém, and that the queen died there too.
20th and 21st centuries
Sacavém also played a role in the 1974 Carnation Revolution and events that followed. A RALIS barracks was located in what is now Portela de Sacavém . On November 15th of the same year the military swore the oath of the flag with clenched fists, thereby breaking the rules of the army and expressing its disobedience. On November 25th, the barracks were occupied by units affiliated with a moderate MFA faction . Their leader was the later General Eanes . One of the effects of the Carnation Revolution on Sacavém was the renaming of streets and squares in the city, some streets were named by anti-fascist workers in the ceramic factory or by important leaders of the left-wing movement (e.g. Salvador Allende ).
From the middle of the 20th century, Sacavém began to benefit from the establishment of the transport infrastructure around Lisbon. Lisbon Airport, for example, is located in what is now Portela de Sacavém , and the north A1 motorway and national road 10 run through the municipality. In addition to the settlement of new business enterprises, this also resulted in strong population growth - between 1950 and 1970 the number of inhabitants quadrupled. This was accompanied by brisk, unregulated construction activity that continues to shape the cityscape to this day. In the 1980s the population stabilized at around 25,000.
The 1990s saw two significant events for Sacavém. On June 4, 1997, Sacavém was elevated to the city , at the same time as Alcácer do Sal , Fátima , Sines and Vila Nova de Foz Côa .
The eastern part of the municipality was integrated into the exhibition area of the World Exhibition Expo 98 , to which today's Parque das Nações belongs. In the course of the preparations for the Expo, new traffic routes were built, especially the Tejo bridge Ponte Vasco da Gama, which was inaugurated in March and connects Sacavém with Montijo , and other roads such as the CRIL (Circular Regional Interior de Lisboa), or the relocation of the Estrada Nacional 10. These investments brought about a significant improvement in the transport links of the municipality.
On September 29, 2013 the parishes Sacavém and Prior Velho were merged to form the new parish União das Freguesias de Sacavém e Prior Velho . Sacavém is the seat of this newly formed municipality.
Markets and festivals
Sacavém once had three annual festivals:
- on the Sunday of Espírito Santo , one of the most popular and most visited in the Lisbon region, together with the celebrations for Nossa Senhora da Saúde (always on the first Sunday of September), this was one of the most significant moments in the life of the city.
- August 14th
- September 14th
All three lasted three days each.
Since 1887 there has been a large cattle market in a large square in Sacavém on the third Sunday of the month. This market was held in Charneca until 1887 and moved to Sacavém when Charneca was added to the Lisbon district, where cattle markets were no longer allowed.
At the moment, Sacavém has the Mercado de Levante market every Tuesday, Friday and Saturday morning . Clothing and food are mainly traded on this market. It is located on a specially paved area under one of the viaducts that direct traffic to the Ponte Vasco da Gama .
Culture
The Sacavém Ceramic Museum has the task of preserving the legacy of the old ceramic factory . The factory closed in 1983 after the factory manager, Monteiro Pereira, was murdered with a machine gun volley on October 6, 1982 outside his home in Almada . The attack, carried out by the terrorist group Forças Populares - 25 de Abril , resulted in the closure of the factory and the public auction of its property. While most of the old factory had already been used for other purposes, the last remaining remnants were converted into a museum in 2000. The center is the old kiln number 18. The museum has already been awarded an international prize.
Since 2004, the eastern part of the municipality ( Parque do Trancão , part of Parque das Nações ) has been the venue for the Super Bock Super Rock festival , which is sponsored by the Portuguese beer brand Super Bock . Domestic rock music greats such as Blasted Mechanism or The Gift have performed so far , while foreign groups such as Fatboy Slim , Incubus , Lenny Kravitz , Linkin Park , Marilyn Manson , Moby , New Order , System of a Down and The Prodigy have also played .
religion
The city of Sacavém has Nossa Senhora da Purificação (Maria) as its patron saint. The most important church in the city is dedicated to her, the Igreja Matriz Paroquial de Nossa Senhora da Purificação , which is located in the lower Sacavém , on the bank of the Trancão . The consecration was carried out on the occasion of the elevation of the convent church to parish church on April 11, 1863, after the parish of Sacavém had requested it and the Patriarch of Lisbon , Manuel Bento Rodrigues , had approved the request.
Maria is venerated in Sacavém as Nossa Senhora da Saúde, a chapel is consecrated to her together with Santo André in the historic city center ( upper Sacavém ). In honor of Nossa Senhora da Saúde there is a big celebration every year on the first Sunday in September. This popularity goes back to the legend that after the outbreak of a bubonic plague there were so many dead to be buried that there was not enough room for burials. It was therefore decided to bury the dead near the church. The gravedigger appeared with a statue of the Mother of God, shortly afterwards a spontaneous procession formed in honor of Mary to ask for her protection. This is said to have stopped the plague, the Virgin Mary has since been venerated as Nossa Senhora da Saúde .
The veneration of Andreas goes back to the fact that in the Middle Ages there was an asylum for lepers next to today's chapel. The patron saint of this asylum was Andreas .
The Convento de Nossa Senhora dos Mártires e da Conceição dos Milagres is known for its azuleijo art from the 16th to 18th centuries in its courtyards and in the chapter house. The monastery was built in the 16th century after there was a hermitage in the same place, which D. Afonso Henriques had built after the Battle of the Rio Sacavém against the Moors and which was demolished in 1577.
administration
Creation of territorial expansion
Sacavém is one of the oldest parishes in Portugal and was therefore an administrative center when the Portuguese nation was founded and administered a territory of around 30 km². Many of the former settlements are now independent communities, namely Bobadela , Camarate , Moscavide , Prior Velho , Portela , São João da Talha and probably also Olivais .
There are documents that prove that Sacavém was already at São Silvestre de Unhos (to which today's Apelação belonged), São Julião de Frielas and Santa Maria de Loures (more precisely at Póvoa de Loures , today's Póvoa de Santo Adrião , at that time a place of the municipality of Loures) bordered.
The northern boundary of the Sacavém parish is likely to coincide with the boundary of today's São João da Talha parish . Not much is known about the southern border of the parish, probably a large part (if not all) of today's parish Santa Maria dos Olivais belonged to Sacavém, which would mean that the neighboring parishes at that time São Bartolomeu da Charneca , São João Baptista do Lumiar , Santos Reis Magos do Campo Grande , São Jorge de Arroios and São Bartolomeu do Beato were.
Large parts of the territory were gradually separated until Sacavém had shrunk to its present size. The municipality of São João da Talha became independent as early as 1388 and took the area of today's Bobadela with it.
A few years later, on May 6, 1397, the Archbishop of Lisbon, D. João Anes , founded the parish of Santa Maria dos Olivais , thus separating another large piece from Sacavém. On May 1st, 1511, Camarate got its administrative independence after a decree of King D. Manuel I.
The last divisions happened in the 20th century, with the creation of the communes of Portela on January 1, 1986 and Prior Velho in 1989. Here Sacavém followed the general trend in Portugal to bring voters and their representatives closer together by creating smaller constituencies .
traffic
Sacavém, because it is located in the Lisbon metropolitan area , has a dense road network. These include the Portuguese northern A1 motorway from Lisbon to Porto and the expressways IC2 ( Itinerário Complementar 2 ) to Santa Iria de Azóia and IC17 ( Itinerário Complementar 17 , also known as the Lisbon Regional Inner Ring). There is also the EN10 national road that connects Sacavém with Vila Franca de Xira and the EN250 that leads to Loures .
Until 1998 Sacavém also had a direct connection to the second inner ring of Lisbon ( Segunda Circular ), but this connection was interrupted by the construction of the IC17 and the Ponte Vasco da Gama .
Sacavém is also integrated into the CP railway network. Sacavém train station is part of the Linha da Azambuja, which connects Porto and Lisbon , and the first section of which has been in operation since 1856.
In addition to the train connection, there are numerous regional bus routes that are operated by Rodoviária de Lisboa . Thus, in addition to Lisbon (stations Estação do Oriente, Campo Grande and Areeiro / Praça Francisco Sá Carneiro ) also Alverca do Ribatejo , Apelação , Bobadela , Camarate , Catujal , Charneca , Frielas , Loures , Moscavide , Pirescoxe , Portela de Sacavém , Póvoa de Santa Iria , Prior Velho , Santa Iria de Azóia , São João da Talha , Unhos and Via Rara . At the same time, negotiations are in progress with Carris , the operator of Lisbon's city buses, about an extension of the city bus routes that currently end in Moscavide and Portela to Sacavém. A decision is still pending here.
An extension of the Red Line (linha vermelha) of the Lisbon Metro to Moscavide , Portela and Sacavém is also planned, but the start of construction has not yet been determined.
Last but not least, Sacavém is less than a kilometer from Lisbon International Airport .
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Padre Baltazar Barreira (1538–1612), Jesuit , missionary in the Kingdom of N'Gola , later in Guinea , Sierra Leone , and on the Cape Verde Islands , where he died
- Eduardo Gageiro (* 1935), international photographer, holder of the Ordem do Infante D. Henrique order , received from President Jorge Sampaio in 2004.
- Irene Cruz (* 1943), actress, holder of the Ordem do Infante D. Henrique, received from President Jorge Sampaio in 2002.
Personalities who have worked in this city
- Prior Filinto Elísio Ramalho (1917–2001), pastor of Sacavém for almost sixty years (from 1942 until his death on December 1, 2001), founder of the social center of the parish of Sacavém, which has been used by the Sacavémians to this day Obra do Padre ( Werk of the father ) is called.
Individual evidence
- ^ Publication of the administrative reorganization in the Diário da República gazette of January 28, 2013, accessed on October 1, 2014
Web links
- Map of the Freguesia Sacavém at the Instituto Geográfico do Exército