Lisbon Metro

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Metro Lisbon logo.svg

The Metropolitano de Lisboa , also briefly Metro Lisboa to German city train from Lisbon , the subway network of the Portuguese capital Lisbon . The 45.5 kilometer long network consists of four lines, the trains of the only underground railway in Portugal ran for the first time in 1959. The initially Y-shaped network experienced major expansion phases, especially in the 1960s and 1980s. The state operating company Metropolitano de Lisboa, EPE, attaches great importance to the artistic design of the individual underground stations and the special line scheme with colors and symbols .

business

Lines

Line network of the Lisbon Metro

The Lisbon metro system has 56 stations and a total length of around 46 km. Of the 56 underground stations, only two are on the surface ( Campo Grande and Senhor Roubado ). From each end point the first train starts at 6:30 a.m. and the last one at 1 a.m. If necessary - for example for large concert events and the Festa do Santo António festival - the operating hours are extended and flexible access offers are set up.

line route Commissioning length Stations
Linha Azul Reboleira - Santa Apolonia 1959 to 2007 14 km 18th
Linha Amarela Odivelas - Rato 1959 to 2004 11 km 13
Linha Verde Cais do Sodré - Telheiras 1963 to 2004 9 km 13
Linha Vermelha São Sebastião - Aeroporto 1998 to 2012 11.5 km 12

Within Lisbon, the metro is the most important means of transport; in 2006 the Lisbon subway had a market share of 43.9%. While the metro serves Lisbon's main traffic axes, the urban transport company Carris , which operates the trams, buses and elevators , provides feeder services. The S-Bahn- like suburban railways of the state railway company Comboios de Portugal (CP), carried out by the CP Urbanos de Lisboa and the Fertagus , are of much less importance within Lisbon and are only used by commuters to the suburbs. There are also individual bus routes that are operated by private bus companies, for example Rodoviária de Lisboa , Transportes Sul do Tejo or Vimeca .

The lines of the Lisbon Metro are mostly underground. Only the Campo Grande underground station and the Senhor Roubado underground station are on the surface, and there are short above-ground sections on three of the four routes.

Passenger numbers

Passenger numbers of the Lisbon Metro (1960–2006)

Since it was launched in 1959, the Lisbon Metro has carried more than five billion passengers. In particular, the expansion of the network and the lengthening of the platforms, the discontinuation of many lines of the Lisbon tram and the low prices for building space in the suburbs, which led to an escape from the city, helped the metro to set new passenger records again and again. While 15.8 million passengers were carried in the first year of operation, the number doubled to 33.6 million within seven years. In 1979 the Lisbon metro carried more than 100 million passengers for the first time; the number remained roughly constant until 1993. There was a major slump up until 1997, during which time the operating company fundamentally restructured the network (conversion from one line with two branches to three lines). Since 1998 - the opening of the inner-city transfer point Baixa-Chiado and the opening of the fourth subway line ( Linha Vermelha ), passenger numbers have increased again.

In 2006 the Metropolitano de Lisboa, EPE carried a total of 184 million passengers, 1.4 million fewer passengers than in the previous year. Together with the municipal transport company Carris, which operates the trams, buses and elevators on behalf of the city, both carried 418 million passengers in 2006.

Tickets

Electronically rechargeable ticket "Sete Colinas"
Current electronic tickets "LisboaViva"

Since February 2008 the Metropolitano de Lisboa, EPE no longer sells paper tickets . A few years ago, the Carris and the Metropolitano de Lisboa jointly introduced an electronic prepaid card with the name 7 Colinas ("Seven Hills") that works via transponders and , like the Oyster Card in London, can be topped up with a certain amount of credit for single trips. Since 2007, increasingly also other companies in the system, including those on the other part Tejoseite propelled Metro Transportes do Sul and the ferry company Transtejo .

The Metropolitano de Lisboa, EPE also sells various types of season tickets , including day and monthly tickets. For a change to other operators, an additional amount must be paid, a transport association based on the German model does not exist. Only the monthly card LisboaViva (“Lisbon lives”) enables the use of all means of transport in the Lisbon area, including the suburban trains of Fertagus and CP as well as Carris and other bus companies. Although there is no real tariff association in the Lisbon area, there are different tariff limits. All means of transport in the Lisbon metropolitan area run in Coroa L ("Zone L"), only the metro lines Pontinha - Amadora Este and Senhor Roubado - Odivelas are in Coroa 1 ("Zone 1"). Following this example, there are other zones that form a ring around Lisbon - also on the other side of the Tejo.

The Lisbon Metro has been a closed system since 2003 with access barriers at the entrances based on the London model. Entering and leaving the station is only possible with a ticket.

history

Entrance to the Picoas station based on the design of the Métro Paris by Guimard
Growth of the route network: As of December 1959, ...
... June 1972, ...
... April 1998, ...
... May 2004
... and in July 2012

The metro was opened on December 29, 1959 as a Y-shaped network between Sete Rios , Entre Campos and the common terminus Restauradores . Thereafter, the line continued in the south to the stations Rossio (1963), Socorro (1966), Anjos (1966) and finally Alvalade (1972).

In order to make the stay pleasant, despite the limited resources available, great importance was attached to the artistic design right from the start. The first managing director Francisco de Mello e Castro commissioned the architect Francisco Keil do Amaral , who had already gained experience in the construction of the first terminal at Lisbon's Portela Airport, to design a prototype station. The design was used without major changes until the Alvalade station was built in 1972. Part of the design were artistic wall coverings made of glazed painted tiles in the azulejo technique typical of Portugal , which was designed by the artist Maria Keil from 1957 onwards. Maria Keil and this modern application of azulejo helped this technique to revive after a decline at the beginning of the 20th century. Due to the colonial wars that began in Portugal in 1960 and the economic problems resulting from the foreign policy isolation, further expansion stalled. In 1973–1982, only the existing platforms were extended.

After the fall of the dictatorship under Caetano , Salazar's successor , during the Carnation Revolution in 1974 and the subsequent end of the colonial wars, Portugal recovered economically. After joining the EU in 1986, sufficient funds were available for rapid expansion.

In 1988 there were two new sections of the tunnel. One from Sete Rios train station to Colégio Militar / Luz and another from Entre Campos to the university ( Cidade Universitária ). Once again, emphasis was placed on the artistic design of the stations, and the artists Silva Rolando Sá Nogueira , Júlio Pomar , Manuel Cargaleiro and Maria Helena Vieira were commissioned with the implementation.

In 1990 an expansion plan was decided that remained in force until 1999. However, the planned connection of the branches in the north in the new Campo Grande train station in 1993 required a new structure of the lines, as the existing line formed a circle with an additional branch. Therefore it was split into two lines. The blue line with the course Colégio Militar / Luz ↔ Campo Grande via Alameda . The second, yellow line with the route Rotunda ↔ Campo Grande via Saldanha .

The system of line designation according to colors and free artistic symbols such as seagull and sunflower, later a sailing ship and compass instead of numbers or letters is unique in the abstract design. The blue line was expanded in 1997 to include the Carnide and Pontinha stations, and in 1997 the yellow line to the Rato station . Since Expo 98 took place in Lisbon in 1998 , not only the new red Linha do Oriente from the Alameda to the World Exhibition Center at Oriente station was opened in the first half of the year (May 19, 1998), but the entire network was restructured. With the opening of the new end point Cais do Sodré , the eastern branch of the blue line from Cais do Sodré to Campo Grande became the new green line. The blue line now ended in the city center in Baixa-Chiado . This ended the characteristic V-shaped lines. In this context, the station was renamed several times in March 1998: Sete Rios to Jardim Zoológico , Palhavã to Praça de Espanha , Rotunda to Marquês de Pombal and Socorro to Martim Moniz . In July and November the two unfinished stations Cabo Ruivo and Olivais were opened on the red east line.

The continuous expansion was continued, with the focus initially on z. T. aboveground extensions to the residential areas in the north. Since November 2nd, 2002 the green line has been extended to Telheiras , since 2004 the yellow line has been running to Odivelas and the blue line has been extended to Amadora Este .

After years of construction, the two new stations on the blue line Terreiro do Paço and Santa Apolónia were opened in December 2007 . The long-distance train station Santa Apolónia is now also connected to the metro network.

In 2009, the extension of the red east line from Alameda to São Sebastião went into operation. For the first time, you can change to the blue line ( São Sebastião ) and the yellow line ( Saldanha ). The cost of this extension was € 240 million.

From February 2007 the extension of the Linha Vermelha (Red Line) from Oriente station to Portela Airport was under construction. This 3.3-kilometer route, which includes the Aeroporto terminus and two other stations ( Encarnaçāo and Moscavide ) went into operation on July 17, 2012. The cost of the extension amounted to 218 million euros.

In spring 2012, the Lisbon Metro merged with Carris , with both companies formally remaining under one management.

With a delay of three years, the Portuguese Prime Minister António Costa opened the extension of the blue line from the Amadora Este terminus to the Reboleira suburban station on the Linha de Sintra on April 13, 2016 . According to an estimate by the Portuguese Ministry of Transport, the route should cost 39 million euros and be completed around mid-2012. Due to financing problems and delays in the allocation of funds from the European Union, the completion was initially postponed to the end of 2015, the costs should therefore amount to 60 million euros. The 579-meter-long extension should bring the metro network an increase of 3.7 million passengers.

Expansion and planning

Expansion plans for the Lisbon Metro

The network of the Lisbon Metro will continue to be expanded significantly in the future, although numerous projects have been delayed or abandoned for financial reasons due to the budget crisis in Portugal. All other medium to long-term expansion plans for the Lisbon Metro have been postponed for financial reasons.

Inner-city extensions

The Portuguese government under Prime Minister António Costa ( Costa I cabinet ) announced in 2016 that the next extensions should primarily strengthen the existing lines. The next destination was the connection of the Linha Amarela with the Linha Verde (between the stations Rato and Cais do Sodré ). The Linha Verde would become a ring line that would take on a central distribution function in the urban transport network. Completion is expected in 2021 at the earliest. After these plans were picked up by the media at the beginning of 2018 and became better known, there was strong protest against the plans not to offer a direct connection with the Linha Amarela to the city center and instead to create a switch.

Extensions beyond the city limits

The city of Amadora intends to extend the Linha Azul to the city's central hospital. The operating company is also thinking of developing new customer bases in the outskirts and suburbs of Lisbon. The Linha Vermelha is to be extended to Sacavém and Campo Grande . An extension to Loures is also planned for the Linha Amarela, which already extends to Odivelas . The Lisbon Metro is to have 30 new train stations by 2020, although some of the plans are outdated.

The branch line of the Linha Vermelha to Sacavém was already taken into account in the course of the construction of the line through a preliminary construction work. At Moscavide station , two blind tunnels have already been built to ensure that there are no crossings, so that the branch line can be built on the main line without hindering traffic. When this project will be carried out is unclear due to the financial situation.

Barrier-free expansion

38 of the 56 stations are currently barrier-free, which means that they are equipped with guide strips and elevators, among other things. Despite a law passed by the Portuguese Parliament in 2006 that provided full accessibility within ten years, this was not yet fulfilled in 2018. The operating company is currently planning to have 52 of the 56 barrier-free by 2023. Above all, the stations of the first expansion stage (1959–1972) have not yet been expanded with a few exceptions.

vehicles

Metro Lisboa
Interior of a train of the Lisbon Metro (ML99)

All vehicles of the Lisbon Metro were manufactured by a consortium of the companies Sorefame , Lisbon (mechanical part) and Siemens Transportation Systems (electrical equipment). The DUEWAG , a subsidiary of Siemens in Dusseldorf, initially supplied the bogies . These were later built under license from Sorefame . The production of the vehicles (including the planning phase) stretched from 1990 to the end of 2001. During this time, Sorefame changed hands twice: First, the Daimler subsidiary Adtranz acquired the plant and later the Canadian Bombardier Transportation , in 2005 the plant was closed.

The vehicles are around 2.7 meters wide and run on standard gauge tracks . They are supplied with 750 volts DC voltage via an open busbar that is painted from above . A converter generates the AC voltage required for the traction motors from this . The recuperation brake feeds electrical energy back into the grid when braking.

The vehicles of the ML90, ML95 and ML97 series have a device for “automated driving” (ATP / ATO), which is only used on the “red line” ( Linha vermelha ). The maximum speed of the vehicles is 72 km / h with ATP / ATO, manually controlled is limited to 60 km / h.

There are currently four different vehicle types:

  • ML90 (19 units)
  • ML95 (38 units)
  • ML97 (18 units)
  • ML99 (37 units)

All vehicle units consist of three cars, two of which are powered, with a non-powered part in between. In contrast to the vehicles of the ML90 and ML95 series, which consist of three separate car bodies , passengers in the ML97 and ML99 series vehicles can switch between the three carriages of a unit via transitions, so from the inside all three parts appear like a (long ) Vehicle with two joints.

The two older vehicle types ML7 and ML79 were retired in 1998 and 2004 respectively.

Web links

Commons : Lisbon Metro  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Annual Report 2007 of the Metropolitano de Lisboa, EPE (PDF file) ( Memento of the original dated August 6, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.metrolisboa.pt
  2. ↑ Official passenger numbers of the Metropolitano de Lisboa, EPE ( Memento of the original from May 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Portuguese, English) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.metrolisboa.pt
  3. ↑ Tariff overview of the Metropolitano de Lisboa, EPE ( Memento of the original of October 21, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Portuguese, English) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.metrolisboa.pt
  4. ↑ Linha vermelha fica 44 milhōes mais cara ( Memento of the original from December 19, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / canais.sol.pt archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , [Red line costs 44 million more], O Sol, August 25, 2008
  5. ↑ José António Fonseca: Metro chega ao aeroporto de Lisboa terça-feira , [Metro will reach Lisbon Airport on Tuesday], RTP Notícias , July 15, 2012
  6. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from April 19, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.publico.pt
  7. ^ Reboleira a um metro de Lisboa. Transportes de Lisboa, April 11, 2016, accessed April 16, 2016 (Portuguese).
  8. ↑ Inês Boaventura: Linha Azul do metro de Lisboa chega esta quarta-feira à Reboleira. In: Público. April 12, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2016 .
  9. ↑ Project page of the Lisbon Metro for the extension Amadora Este – Reboleira ( Memento of the original from July 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Portuguese) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.metrolisboa.pt
  10. ↑ a b c Luis Garcia: Planos de expansão de transportes em Lisboa suspensos , [expansion plans suspended in Lisbon], Jornal de Notícias , November 3, 2010
  11. ↑ Lusa / SOL: Obras do metro da Reboleira esperam por fundos comunitários. Sol, March 12, 2014, accessed March 17, 2014 (Portuguese).
  12. ↑ Nuno Guedes: Metro chega à Reboleira no início do segundo trimestre. In: TSF. February 8, 2016, accessed February 15, 2016 (Portuguese).
  13. ↑ Dírcia Lopes: Extensão do Metro até à Reboleira acrescenta 3.7 milhões passageiros. In: Diário Económico. June 30, 2015. Retrieved July 20, 2015 (Portuguese).
  14. ↑ Francisco Ferreira da Silva and Rosário Lira: “Ligação de Metro entre o Rato eo Cais do Sodré not estará pronta antes de 2021”. In: Económico. May 9, 2016, Retrieved May 16, 2016 (Portuguese).
  15. ↑ João Pedro Pincha: Metro de Lisboa. Na linha amarela, Odivelas teve mais movimento que o Marquês . In: PÚBLICO . ( publico.pt [accessed April 27, 2018]).
  16. ↑ Inês Boaventura: Ligação do Rato ao Cais do Sodré é a obra que se segue no metro de Lisboa. In: Público. April 14, 2016, accessed April 16, 2016 .
  17. ↑ Metro de Lisboa prevê ter 52, the 56 Estações com Acessibilidade plena em 2023. In: Observador.pt. May 11, 2018. Retrieved May 17, 2018 (Portuguese).