Katzberg Castle

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Katzberg Castle after an engraving by Michael Wening from 1720

The Katzberg Castle is a listed building in the Katzberg district of the Upper Palatinate town of Cham in the Cham district of Bavaria (Katzberg 19-23).

history

In 1177 an Isinrich von Katzberg appears, shortly afterwards his brother Rehwinus de Kazelberg . These Katzenbergers are ministerials of the Counts of Cham . The latter Katzberger is perhaps identical to a Rahewinus von Katzbach (today also a district of Cham), who is documented from 1125 to 1160 and who was then named after the newly built castle of Katzberg. The Katzenberger family can be traced here up to the 15th century: In 1439 Gilg Katzberger on Katzberg gave his previous fiefdom in Balbersdorf to Panhollts, a citizen of Chamfree ownership and promises him the forehand when selling further goods on the Katzberg. From 1485 Wilhelm Berghaimer is proven to be the owner of the castle. But on April 18, 1487, Jörg Fronberger, as the fiefdom of Amalie Ursenbeck, issued a fiefdom lapel to Duke Albrecht over the Katzenberg seat. In addition, from the fief book of the county Abensberg it emerges that in 1487 Wilhelm Perckheimer was enfeoffed with seat, Hofmark and Hofbau zu Katzberg; Katzberg was therefore owned by two families at that time. It is also certified that Katzberg is an Abensberg knight's fief that fell to the Wittelsbachers of the Bayern-Munich line with the inheritance of the Counts of Abensberg .

In 1491 Rueland Berckheimer and Hans von Muln received the seat and farm in Katzbach, which they inherited from their father Wilhelm Berckheimer . In 1493 Andreas Geiganter called himself after Katzberg. In 1532 Georg Kellner von Bibrach was certified as lord of the court. In 1598, Wolf Karl Kellner sold the seat to Jakob Fuchs von Arnschwang , who was enfeoffed by the Duke with Hofmark on December 16, 1577. In 1598, Hans Georg von Marolding bought Hofmark from his father-in-law, Hans Christoph Fuchs .

In connection with the Counter Reformation , Katzberg was forcibly sold to Wilhelm Poißl von Püdensdorf , and shortly afterwards Hans Daniel von Plittersdorf was attested as the owner. In 1652 the city physicist of Cham, Johann Salmansperger, issued a fiefdom lapel about Katzberg for his son-in-law Jeremias Hofmann , who was enfeoffed with Katzberg in 1662. In 1677 Hans Jakob Praun bought the Hofmark from his widow . Franz Matthias May also followed him on Kaufweg 1683 . In 1696 Johann Baptist Koller received the fief. For his underage children, Johann von Gleißenthal issued a fief lapel in 1707. In 1709 Katzberg was bought by Johann Georg Garr . Max Josef von Garr , who was raised to the nobility in 1820, was allowed to set up a second class patrimonial court here in 1821 . The castle was demolished after a fire on May 20, 1874 and the properties belonging to it were removed.

Village church in Katzberg

Katzberg Castle then and now

In 1569 the palace complex was completely renovated and expanded. The two-winged, elongated, but only two-storey complex of the New Castle was built on the site of the old castle, which was placed on the circular wall that formed a kink. After the engraving by Michael Wening from 1720, the Hofmark Katzberg consisted of a two-story Hofmarkschloss with a saddle roof and a ridge turret , around which the farm buildings form a closed square. Gaps between the buildings are closed by a low wall. The system was fortified with a wall towards the valley, i.e. towards Katzbach, and the defense tower was intended to protect against attacks towards the mountain. After it was destroyed in 1641 during the Thirty Years War , it was rebuilt.

The castle chapel, today the branch church of St. Giles zu Katzberg, is also located in the castle area . This is a hall church with a 5 × 5 m large choir tower , the brickwork of which refers to the Romanesque . The tower of the church served as the keep of the castle. For reasons of defense, the narrow entrance, which only a single person could ever pass, was about 6 meters high. The church was connected to the manor house by a closed corridor on the first floor; Conspicuous corbels protrude from the north wall , which were intended for the covered wooden corridor that led from the castle to the church gallery. Also remarkable are the arched sound arcades under the pointed pyramid roof of the tower. The interior of the church is almost entirely baroque and was donated by the castle owners around 1720. Next to the high altar is a grave slab of the Hofmark owner from 1668, embedded in the wall. It reads that Edl and Gestrenge Herr Jeremias Hoffmann, 55 years of age , was buried in the crypt next to the altar. The former palace chapel was renovated in 1983.

No upright walls have survived from the castle. The foundation walls of the former castle can still be seen in the Katzberg houses 19–23. These form an irregular, medieval granite brickwork. Extensive retaining walls, several cross vaults and a pointed arched door can be seen in houses 19, 21 and 23, whereby the core of the old castle as a massive rectangular building has been preserved.

literature

  • Max Piendl: The district court Cham (= Commission for Bavarian History [Hrsg.]: Historical Atlas of Bavaria . Part Altbayern Heft 8). Verlag Michael Lassleben, Munich 1955, p. 40-42 .

Web links

Coordinates: 49 ° 14 ′ 1.2 "  N , 12 ° 39 ′ 32.2"  E