Kleinaign Castle

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Kleinaign Castle after an engraving by Michael Wening from 1721

The expired Kleinaign Castle was located in the Kleinaign district of the Upper Palatinate market Eschlkam in the Cham district of Bavaria (near Schloßweg 18). The castle was located at the southern end of a ridge on its highest point, designed as a knoll, about 50 m above the Chambtal and west of the village of Kleinaign.

history

Kleinaign and Eschlkam were part of the Margraviate of Cham . After the Diepoldinger died out, it came to the Wittelsbach family in 1204 . Weinigaigen (= Kleinaign) is mentioned in the second Duke Surbar from 1301 , as certain taxes had to be paid from there. Eberwein probably built the fortress after 1326 from the Aigen onwards . In 1376 Eberwein der Protwicz sold half of the vesst on the Aygen from the Aigen to Duke Albrecht and in addition to that, the village at the Aigen under the Haws , which was transferred to him. Altmann , Eberwein's brother, sold the other half to the duke in 1380. The castle subsequently became the seat of the keeper in the Winkel and was of great importance for securing the border. At that time Hans Haibeck was the keeper and keeper of the castle and under him the fortifications were strengthened. But Kleinaigen seems to have been destroyed by the Hussites in 1420 and 1422. In 1422, Erasmus Sattelboger von Arnschwang is attested as the new keeper here , who in 1425 had a kennel built in front of the castle. The festivities on the Aign appeared in 1462 only as a castle stable. For this reason, Kleinaigen is usually given out to the carers in the Winkel as a fief.

In the division of the country part Straubing 1,429 orders Duke Ludwig the Bearded the Peter Chamerauer , nurses on the festivities at Aigen, this and the associated listening District Court of Duke Wilhelm III. cede. In 1449 Erasmus Sattelbogen is again the carer here. As Duke Albrecht III. 1451 the angle at Přibík of Klenau and 1465 Johann von Berg Degen to Lehen are, Klein Aigen is enclosed. In the document for the Degenberger, the castle valley of the vesten on the Aigen is explicitly mentioned. Since the Degenberger took part in the Böckler uprising, the fiefdom was withdrawn from him in 1469. After 1469 and 1472, Kleinaigen lost its importance, as the keepers had to take their official residence at the church yards in Furth im Wald , Eschlkam and Neukirchen .

At the end of the 15th century, Ratzko von Rayol was certified as the owner. From 1516 onwards, the Pfeil owned the Hofmark . Jörg Pfeil and his son Wolf Pfeil were the captains of Furth from 1520–1574. Among them, Kleinaign became a court mark and they also rebuilt the castle in Kleinaign. Around 1597 Hans Hundt , carer in Weißenstein, acquired the Hofmark from the arrow heirs . In 1621 Kleinaigen came to Mathias Rosenhammer , captain in front of the forest and carer of Kötzting, and since 1610 master of Grafenwiesen Castle . On the marriage route, Kleinaigen came to the Schürndinger family in 1640 . Kleinaigen is soon sold to Franz Prenner zu Brennberg . After the death of Johann Franz Brenner († 1684), his widow brought Johann Adalbert von Gleißenthal to Zandt Kleinaigen in 1693 . In 1695 he sold the property to Johann Christian Ferdinand von Hautzenberg . In 1703 Johann Baptist Walser , Further Grenzhauptmann, bought the Hofmark. In 1758 the Walser von Syrenburg sold the estate to Max Freiherrn von Edlmayr , canon at the old chapel and parish priest of Fürth. Then Kleinaigen passes to his heirs. The pertinence of Kleinaigen also included shafts, laid out in 1538 by Jörg Pfeil , and Gaishof, also founded in 1557 by Jörg Pfeil . Both localities are now districts of Eschlkam. On January 2, 1621, Duke Maximilian transferred lower jurisdiction to Matthias Rosenhammer on Schachten and incorporated Schachten into the Hofmark Kleinaigen.

In 1820 Max von Schmid was allowed to set up a second class patrimonial court in Kleinaigen. His widow could no longer hold the property and so in 1831 all property and rights passed to the state, which "smashed" the Hofmark and let the castle fall into disrepair.

Kleinaigen Castle then and now

The castle of Kleinaigen was first referred to as vestt in 1376 . In 1421 the fortifications were reinforced. 1422-25 after damage by the Hussites, the tower and roofs are repaired and a kennel is built in front of the gate. This first castle is only a crumbled castle stable in 1465 .

A successor building was built in the 16th century. According to the engraving by Michael Wening from 1721, the castle was a three-wing, two-story building that was covered with half- hip roofs. The two main wings were connected by a slightly lower intermediate wing. A hipped roof appears in the south wing . Bay windows (possibly the entrance ) can be seen in the intermediate wing . The castle was located on a small hill and is known as a well-built castle . The box can be seen to the south of it .

In the meadow area today only a weak hill with a diameter of approx. 20 m and piles of reading stones can be seen. The two-storey, eaves-standing box structure with a gable roof belonging to the castle has been preserved . This was used as a farm by the cost farmer after 1831. Later this building came into the possession of the Spatenwagners. A quarry stone wall with a corner slope and remains of the courtyard wall from the 17th century are still preserved. The box was converted into a residential building in the 19th century.

literature

  • Max Piendl : The Kötzting Regional Court (pp. 47–48). (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Altbayern issue 5). Commission for Bavarian State History , Michael Lassleben Verlag, Munich 1953.
  • Bernhard Ernst: Castle building in the southeastern Upper Palatinate from the early Middle Ages to the early modern period, Part II catalog (=  work on the archeology of southern Germany . Volume 16 ). Dr. Faustus, Büchenbach 2001, ISBN 3-933474-20-5 .

Web links

Coordinates: 49 ° 18 ′ 14.5 "  N , 12 ° 54 ′ 15.9"  E