Portuguese-Swedish relations
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The Portuguese-Swedish relations include the bilateral relations between Portugal and Sweden . The countries have had uninterrupted diplomatic relations since 1641.
The relationships are considered friendly and problem-free. The common work in the EU , the mutual immigrant communities and the growing bilateral trade are the most important links. In addition, Portugal and Sweden are partners u. a. in the OECD , the Council of Europe , the OSCE and the European Space Agency . You both belong to the Schengen area .
history
To 1900
In the Viking Age , Norsemen traded with Portuguese coastal towns until at least the 11th century. Vikings also repeatedly undertook raids into what is now Portugal. The raids in the year 844, in the course of the Viking raids into the Mediterranean Sea , in which the mouth of the Tejo in the Lisbon area in particular was plundered for thirteen days are particularly worth mentioning . The last notable raids occurred in the 960s.
After the Vikings were the leading seafarers in Europe in the early Middle Ages around 800 to around 1000, Portugal rose to become Europe's leading seafaring nation from the early 15th century.
In the course of Portugal's efforts to obtain diplomatic support for its independence, which it regained in 1640 and the emerging war of Restoration , King D. João IV sent a diplomatic delegation under Francisco de Sousa Coutinho to Scandinavia. After the initiative in Denmark was unsuccessful due to the politically unstable situation in the Thirty Years' War , the delegation reached the Swedish court in May 1641.
In Sweden, this Portuguese diplomatic move was more successful. They agreed diplomatic relations, and on June 10, 1641 Francisco de Sousa Coutinho accredited himself as the first representative of Portugal at the Swedish court. On July 29, 1641, Portugal and Sweden concluded a friendship, shipping and trade agreement and an agreement on mutual religious freedom of their own nationals in the other country.
Queen Christina of Sweden lived in Rome for a few years after she abdicated in 1654 and converted to Catholicism. The progressive Portuguese Father António Vieira , who lived in exile in Rome , was her confessor and frequent interlocutor there.
After the end of Spanish rule, Portugal regained its old colonial empire in the middle of the 17th century . At the same time, Sweden began to found colonies. However, the Swedish colonial empire did not reach comparable proportions, so that the Portuguese and Swedish interests hardly crossed one another, most likely the short-term Swedish possessions in West Africa . Only with the increasing activity of the Swedish East India Company in the 18th century did the countries become direct competitors, but Portugal had now lost its dominance in long-distance trade, so that Portugal and Sweden were only two of several trading nations and did not get into special conflicts.
In the Seven Years' War from 1756 to 1763, Portugal and Sweden found themselves in opposing camps, but they rarely met each other. In the Napoleonic Wars between 1792 and 1815, Portugal and Sweden mostly both faced Napoleon , but here too their activities rarely met. After Sweden later sided with Napoleon and in the end had to accept great losses of territory and importance, Sweden's neutrality policy, which is still established today, developed, so that Portugal and Sweden no longer experienced any open confrontations.
Since 1900
The Portuguese Republic was proclaimed on October 5, 1910, and the Kingdom of Sweden recognized it on September 13, 1911.
After Germany declared war on Portugal in 1916, the country was drawn into the First World War , while Sweden remained neutral. During the Second World War , both countries managed to maintain their neutrality throughout. They also supported Finland in the Soviet-Finnish war in the winter of 1939/40 with volunteers and relief supplies without participating in the military.
After the Second World War, Portugal was one of the founders of the western defense alliance NATO in 1949 , while Sweden remained neutral in the emerging Cold War .
In 1960 Portugal and Sweden were founding members of the Western European Economic Zone EFTA , which promoted positive economic development in Portugal in particular and brought the two countries somewhat closer together. Due to the Portuguese dictatorship, however, the relationship developed little beyond the growing economic relations. In addition, the repressive Estado Novo regime in Portugal continued to cling to its colonial empire, while Sweden increasingly became an international promoter of open democratic societies. Sweden also supported liberation movements in Africa and acted in opposition to the regime in Portugal and the Portuguese colonial wars , which were increasingly criticized internationally .
After Portugal had shaken off its dictatorship with the left-wing Carnation Revolution in 1974 and initiated steady democratic and economic development, bilateral relations were given a new basis. On March 11, 1975, in Lisbon, Portugal and Sweden signed a bilateral agreement on economic and social cooperation.
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In 1986 Portugal left the EFTA and joined the EU, Sweden followed in 1995. In the course of the various European integration efforts and harmonization, the two countries have steadily come closer since then.
The growing relationship has since been reflected in regular mutual state visits at all levels and in bilateral agreements. In 2003, Portugal and Sweden signed an agreement to avoid double taxation and prevent tax evasion , the last time Portugal's Prime Minister António Costa and his Swedish counterpart Stefan Löfven met on 3 October 2016 on a bilateral state visit to Sweden.
On October 6, 2016, historical events at the University of Lisbon in collaboration with the Swedish Embassy in Lisbon commemorated the 375th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Portugal and Sweden. One focus was the importance of Queen Christina of Sweden for the relations between the two countries.
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diplomacy
Sweden has its own embassy in Portugal's capital Lisbon , at number 12 on Rua Miguel Lupi in the Lapa district . In addition, four Swedish honorary consulates have been set up, in Porto , in Tavira in the Algarve, in Funchal on the island of Madeira, and in Ponta Delgada in the Azores.
Portugal maintains its own embassy in the Swedish capital Stockholm , at number 108 on Drottninggatan (formerly Narvavägen No. 30–32). There is also a Portuguese honorary consulate in Gothenburg (as of July 2019).
Town twinning
After Sweden joined the EU in 1995, Portuguese and Swedish municipalities have so far entered into four city and municipality partnerships (as of 2010).
migration
4,274 Swedes were registered in Portugal in 2018, most of them in the greater Lisbon area (1,891) and in the Algarve (1,823). The total of their remittance was 2.46 million euros.
In 2018, 2,924 Portuguese citizens were registered in Sweden, a total of 4,148 Swedish residents were born in Portugal. 10.57 million euros were transferred to Portugal.
economy
The Portuguese Chamber of Commerce AICEP has a contact office at the Portuguese Embassy in Stockholm. There is also a Portuguese-Swedish Chamber of Commerce in Lisbon , the Câmara de Comércio Luso-Sueca .
In 2016, 1,287 Portuguese companies were trading with Sweden.
The bilateral trade volume in 2016 amounted to 1.546 billion euros, with a trade surplus in favor of Sweden of 87.0 million euros.
In 2016, Sweden imported goods and services worth EUR 729.5 million from Portugal ( 2015 : 635.6 million, 2014 : 678.9 million, 2013 : 674.6 million, 2012 : 662.6 million Million). The proportion of goods was EUR 473.2 million, of which 16.6% clothing, 14.4% machines and devices, 10.2% minerals and ores, 8.9% shoes, 7.9% paper and cellulose, 7.0 % Food and 6.5% textile fabrics. Well over half (143.8 million euros) of the share of around 256 million euros for services comes from spending by Swedish tourists in Portugal.
During the same period, Portugal imported goods and services from Sweden to the value of 816.5 million euros ( 2015 : 765.8 million, 2014 : 751.1 million, 2013 : 586.7 million, 2012 : 600.9 million .). The share of goods amounted to EUR 677.5 million, of which 36.2% agricultural products, 15.4% machines and devices, 11.4% chemical-pharmaceutical products, 9.0% vehicles and vehicle parts, 8.5 % Paper and cellulose, 7.0% metal goods and 3.3% plastics and rubber. The share of around 140 million euros for services is a. from internal outflows from Swedish companies such as IKEA or from the wood and paper industry, the profits as license fees and the like. transfer back.
This placed Sweden in 15th place in Portugal's foreign trade in goods, both as a buyer and as a supplier. In the Swedish foreign trade in goods, Portugal was 30th as a buyer and 32nd as a supplier.
Culture
Institutions
The Portuguese cultural institute Instituto Camões is based in Sweden a. a. with a language center in Stockholm and a lecturer at Stockholm University.
The Swedish counterpart Svenska institutet has no representation in Portugal, but the Swedish embassy still organizes, initiates or promotes cultural activities such as exhibitions, concerts and collaborations in Portugal.
Portuguese universities are popular with Swedish students within the Erasmus program .
Movie
The Swedish director Solveig Nordlund met the Portuguese director Alberto Seixas Santos in 1962 , whom she later married. Since then she has lived and worked in Portugal, where she helped shape Portuguese filmmaking , especially as part of the local auteur filmmakers in the spirit of the ambitious Portuguese Novo Cinema .
Filmmakers from both countries are often active in the other country and attend film festivals there. In 2001 and 2004, for example, at Curtas Vila do Conde , the most important short film festival in Portugal, two Swedish entries each received awards.
music
The Stockholm Lisboa Project is a Swedish music group consisting of Portuguese and Swedish musicians. The group, founded in 2000, combines Nordic and Portuguese musical traditions and has already given concerts in around 20 countries. In 2016 they released their fourth album.
Sports
Soccer
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- Men
The Portuguese national soccer team and the Swedish men's national team have played against each other 18 times. They met for the first time on November 20, 1955 in Lisbon, the game ended 6-2 for Sweden. Portugal won a total of five games, Sweden won seven times, six times they were drawn (as of July 2019).
Both countries have already hosted a European football championship . At the European Championships in Sweden in 1992 , Portugal could not qualify for one of the eight places to participate, hosts Sweden were eliminated in the semifinals. At the 2004 European Championship in Portugal , Sweden was one of the 16 participants and was eliminated in the quarter-finals, with hosts Portugal finishing second.
- Women
The Portuguese women's national soccer team and the Swedish women's national team have met nine times so far, the first time on March 17, 1994 in Olhão . The Group A game in the group stage of the 1994 Algarve Cup ended 3-0 for Sweden. Overall, the Swedes won seven encounters against Portugal, and the Portuguese won twice (as of July 2019).
Handball
The Swedish men's national handball team and the men's national team of Portugal have already met several times, mostly at World Cups and European Championships and with predominantly Swedish successes. Overall, Sweden was four times European champion and four times world champion, Portugal's best World Cup result was 12th place (2003 in its own country), the best European Championship placement was seventh (2000 in Croatia).
Portugal has so far hosted a handball world championship itself, the 2003 World Cup . They didn't meet, the hosts finished 12th, Sweden 13th. Sweden has already hosted four World Cups ( 1954 , 1967 , 1993 and 2011 ). Portugal was not qualified for any of the Swedish World Cups, Sweden was once world champion there (1954) and once third (1993). Portugal has also hosted a European Championship, the 1994 European Handball Championship . Sweden and hosts Portugal met in Group B. Sweden advanced as the group first and became European champions, Portugal was eliminated as the group last. Sweden also hosted a European Championship, the European Handball Championship in 2002 . Sweden and Portugal met in the main round, Sweden won the match and became European champion in the end, Portugal finished the tournament in ninth place (all as of 2019).
Other
The most important Portuguese badminton tournament, Portugal International , has already had Swedish winners several times, Eva Stuart and Rikard Magnusson even several times. There have been no Portuguese winners at Swedish International yet.
At the Canoe Racing World Championships 2018 in Montemor-o-Velho , Portugal, Sweden finished 19th, host Portugal came in seventh. Sweden has also hosted a canoe world championship, the 1938 World Cup in Vaxholm . Portugal was not represented at this first canoe world championship or at least did not win a medal, Sweden finished first in the medal table.
The Swedish national volleyball player Wilhelm Nilsson played for the Portuguese club Fonte Bastardo Azores in the Azores in 2015/2016 .
Web links
- Overview of Portuguese-Swedish relations at the Diplomatic Institute in the Portuguese Foreign Ministry
- Website of the Portuguese Embassy in Sweden (Portuguese, Swedish, English)
- Swedish Embassy in Portugal website (Swedish, Portuguese, English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Website on Portuguese-Swedish relations in the diplomatic portal of the Portuguese Foreign Ministry , accessed on August 30, 2019
- ↑ a b c d e f Overview of Portugal's economic relations with Sweden , PDF available from the Portuguese Chamber of Commerce AICEP, accessed on August 29, 2019
- ^ Notice on the visit of the Portuguese Prime Minister to Sweden , Swedish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed on August 9, 2019
- ↑ Communication on the event Comemoração dos 375 anos das relações diplomáticas entre Portugal ea Suécia (“Commemoration of 375 years of diplomatic relations between Portugal and Sweden”) on a website of the University of Lisbon, accessed on August 9, 2019
- ↑ Overview of the Portuguese-Swedish town twinning at the Association of Portuguese District Administrations (ANMP), accessed on August 30, 2019
- ↑ List of foreign citizens in Portugal (by district) at the Portuguese Immigration Office Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras, accessed on August 7, 2019
- ↑ a b Website on Portuguese-Swedish migration at the Portuguese Scientific Observatório da Emigração , accessed on August 7, 2019
- ↑ Website on the activities in Sweden of the Instituto Camões, accessed on August 7, 2019
- ^ Website of the Stockholm Lisboa Project , accessed on August 9, 2019
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