Croatian-Portuguese relations

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Croatian-Portuguese relations
Location of Croatia and Portugal
CroatiaCroatia PortugalPortugal
Croatia Portugal

The Croatian-Portuguese relations include bilateral relations between Croatia and Portugal . The countries entered into diplomatic relations in 1992. Until Croatia's independence in 1991, the relationship was determined by Yugoslav-Portuguese relations .

The relations between the two sea-bound and Catholic countries are now considered excellent, especially since the various meetings from 2017 between Croatian President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović and her Portuguese counterpart Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa . Portugal is one of the few countries with which Croatia has a trade surplus in bilateral trade .

In addition to the exchange of goods, joint membership in the EU and NATO are the most important elements of connection. Croatia and Portugal are also partners in a number of multilateral organizations, including a. in the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Union for the Mediterranean , and they cooperate in the European Space Agency , of which Croatia is not yet fully a member (as of July 2019). Portugal has been part of the euro zone since the beginning of 1999 , Croatia has been a candidate for membership since its ERM II application from July 2019, so that in the foreseeable future both countries will share the same currency with the euro .

350 Croatian citizens were registered in Portugal in 2018, most of them in the greater Lisbon area (147). In 2011, 43 citizens were registered in the Portuguese consulates in Croatia, 51 Croatian residents were born in Portugal (as of 2011).

history

Prehistory to 1991

The Croatian fascist leader Ante Pavelić : the Salazar regime in Portugal never officially recognized the state structure of the Independent State of Croatia (1941–1945)

Croatia and Portugal both belonged to the Roman Empire , Croatia from 34 BC. BC, Portugal since the 2nd century BC Croatia became independent for the first time in 925, the Kingdom of Portugal became independent in 1139. Croatia then came under Byzantine , Ottoman and Austrian rule until in 1918 it became part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia , with which Portugal had diplomatic relations since 1917 (see Yugoslav-Portuguese relations ).

The Independent State of Croatia , a construct of the fascist Axis powers , formed in 1941, was not officially recognized by the semi-fascist, but remained neutral during World War II, Portugal under dictator Salazar . Instead, Portugal continued to recognize the government of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, now in exile. After the war ended in 1945, Croatia became part of the newly emerging Socialist Yugoslavia .

The Estado Novo regime in Portugal, which was emphatically anti - communist , had no close contacts with socialist Yugoslavia. On the one hand, there were fewer open differences due to the non-alignment of Yugoslavia, on the other hand, Yugoslavia was one of the supporters of some independence movements in the Portuguese colonial wars of the 1960s and 1970s. After the left-wing Carnation Revolution in 1974 and the end of the dictatorship in Portugal, the two states became closer. One sign in 1977 was the friendship between Lisbon and the Croatian capital Zagreb, and cultural exchange increased significantly.

Since Croatia's independence in 1991

In 1991 Croatia declared itself independent. On January 15, 1992, Portugal recognized the independent Republic of Croatia, and on February 3, 1992, Croatia and Portugal established diplomatic relations. In the course of Croatia's subsequent efforts to join the EU, Portugal and Croatia grew closer. They concluded a mutual investment protection agreement on May 10, 1995 , followed by a cooperation agreement in the fields of education, science and culture on April 14, 1998, and an agreement on cooperation in business, industry, technology and science on May 12, 1999. On May 23, 1996 , José Queiroz de Barros , Portugal's ambassador in Budapest, was the first Portuguese representative in Zagreb to be accredited . On July 1, 1999, Ana Maria de Almeida Hidalgo Barata became the director of the newly opened first Portuguese embassy in Croatia.

Flags of Croatia and Portugal in the streets of Zagreb on the occasion of the state visit of the Portuguese President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa on May 18, 2017

Croatia was admitted to NATO in 2009, of which Portugal has been a member since it was founded in 1949. Since then, both countries have been cooperating within the framework of NATO exercises and programs, but also on missions abroad, for example in Afghanistan.

On July 1, 2013, Croatia became the 28th member of the EU, which Portugal had joined as the eleventh member in 1986. As a result, Croatian-Portuguese relations also intensified. For example, on October 4, 2013 in Dubrovnik they signed an agreement to prevent double taxation and tax evasion , and on November 21, 2014 in Lisbon they signed a cooperation agreement for the tourism sector.

Portugal's President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa in 2017. His state visit to Croatia that year was the first visit by a Portuguese head of state to Croatia

In May 2017, the Portuguese President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa visited Croatia at the invitation of his Croatian counterpart Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of Croatian-Portuguese diplomatic relations. It was the first visit by a Portuguese head of state to Croatia. The Portuguese experience with the introduction of the euro was a topic that the Portuguese president discussed with the president of Croatia, a candidate country for joining the euro area. The program of the two-day visit included an exhibition of azulejos from the former Yugoslav embassy in Lisbon and a fado concert by the fado singer Cuca Roseta at the MSU Museum of Contemporary Art in Zagreb. With Rebelo de Sousa, a delegation made up of Portuguese MPs, the Portuguese State Secretary for European Affairs and the President of the Portuguese Chamber of Commerce AICEP visited the country. During the visit, they agreed a return visit and a business meeting for 2018, and a cooperation agreement was signed between the Portuguese Chamber of Commerce and the Croatian Chamber of Commerce in their presence. They both emphasized their expectations of increasing economic cooperation, for example in the areas of tourism, renewable energies, infrastructure and communication technology. Both also highlighted the good relationships that need to be further intensified, for example in the areas of education and culture. The press described the meeting as extremely harmonious. Rebelo de Sousa told his hostess how he had walked alone through Zagreb for an hour early in the morning and found the city beautiful. He feels in Croatia like in Portugal and hopes Grabar-Kitarović will also feel at home on their return visit to Portugal.

Croatian President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović in 2017. Under her, Croatian-Portuguese relations intensified significantly.

On May 11, 2018, President Grabar-Kitarović made a return visit to Portugal. During their two-day state visit, representatives of both countries signed a bilateral cooperation agreement in the areas of language, education, science, culture, sport and youth. Portugal's president said they shared European values. There have been no problems in the 25 years of Croatian-Portuguese relations and people believe in the values ​​of cohesion, human solidarity and development. The Croatian President also met with Portugal's Prime Minister António Costa and Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues , Speaker of the Portuguese Parliament . A meeting with Lisbon's mayor Fernando Medina , a visit to the tomb of the Portuguese national poet Luís de Camões in the UNESCO World Heritage Jeronimos Monastery and a pilgrimage to Fátima were also on their program.

In May 2019, Croatian President Grabar-Kitarović came to Portugal again. She met again with Rebelo de Sousa, on the sidelines of the climate, human rights and women's rights conference Estoril Conference 2019 in Carcavelos . She emphasized the excellent relationships. Portugal is one of the few countries with which Croatia has a positive trade balance. She also thanked Portugal for the recent support of Croatian candidate Maja Marković in her election as President of the European Maritime Safety Agency .

diplomacy

Croatia maintains an embassy in the Portuguese capital, Lisbon . Croatian honorary consulates have also been set up in Porto , Faro and Funchal on the island of Madeira.

Portugal maintains an embassy in the Croatian capital Zagreb . Portugal has not opened consulates in Croatia (as of 2018).

Town twinning

The two capitals Zagreb and Lisbon entered into an initial city ​​partnership in 1977 . After Croatia joined the EU in 2013, two more were added as part of European initiatives.

economy

Portucel Soporcel paper mill in Setúbal : Paper and cardboard are Portugal's most important export goods to Croatia, from where clothing is the most important export goods to Portugal.

The Portuguese Chamber of Commerce AICEP is represented in Croatia with an office at the Portuguese Embassy in Zagreb.

In 2016, 724 Portuguese companies were trading with Croatia.

With a trade volume of 90.8 million euros in 2016, the trade balance surplus was 27.6 million in favor of Croatia.

In 2016, Croatia imported goods and services worth EUR 31.6 million from Portugal. The share of goods was 22.4 million ( 2015 : 16.4 million, 2014 : 15.2 million, 2013 : 13.6 million, 2012 : 17.8 million), of which 19.2% was paper and cellulose , 18.6% plastics and rubber, 11.6% vehicles and vehicle parts, 8.1% agricultural products and 7.5% machines and devices.

During the same period, Portugal imported goods and services from Croatia worth 59.2 million euros. The proportion of goods was 49.7 million euros ( 2015 : 45.4 million, 2014 : 36.3 million, 2013 : 7.9 million, 2012 : 5.7 million), of which 23.4% was clothing, 17.6% hides and leather, 11.2% chemical-pharmaceutical products, 3.9% machines and devices and 3.5% paper and cellulose.

In Portugal's foreign trade, Croatia was 72nd as a buyer and 59th as a supplier. In Croatian foreign trade, Portugal ranked 34th as a buyer and 43rd as a supplier.

Culture

The Portuguese national cultural institute Instituto Camões maintains u. a. a language center in Zagreb and lectureships at the University of Zagreb and the University of Zadar .

Filmmakers from both countries are regularly represented at film festivals in the other country. In 2014, Croatian director Vinko Brešan won for his film God forbid! Awarded the golden dolphin at the Portuguese Festróia film festival. In 2007 the Croatian Rajko Grlić won a Golden Dolphin there for his film Karaula .

In the series Portugueses pelo Mundo (German: Portuguese scattered across the world), the Portuguese public television broadcaster RTP also broadcast an episode about Zagreb on October 24, 2016, the many facets of which were presented by Portuguese people living there.

Sports

Soccer

Scene from the round of 16 match Croatia-Portugal on June 25, 2016 at the Euro 2016 , the game ended 1-0 for Portugal after penalties.

The Croatian national soccer team and the Portuguese men's national team have played against each other five times so far (as of July 2019). They met for the first time on June 19, 1996 at the Nottingham City Ground , the game in Group D of the European Championship 1996 in England ended 3-0 for Portugal. Portugal won four encounters in total, once they were drawn. They did not meet at the 2004 European Championship in Portugal. Croatia were eliminated after the group stage, the hosts finished second.

Croatian players occasionally appear for Portuguese clubs, including national players like Danijel Pranjić , who played for Sporting Lisbon in 2012/13 , Anthony Šerić , who played for SC Olhanense in 2012/13 , and Mario Stanić , who played for Benfica Lisbon for a year in 1994/95 played, or Robert Špehar , who played for Sporting Lisbon in 2000/01. Tomo Šokota became Portuguese champions in 2005 with Benfica Lisbon and then moved to FC Porto , with whom he also became champions over the next two years. Tin Karamatić played for the clubs SC Olhanense and SC Farense , both at home on the Algarve coast .

Women

The Croatian women's national soccer team and the Portuguese women's national team have met twice so far (as of July 2019), the first time on November 4, 1995 in Samobor, Croatia . The game in group 3 of qualifying for the European Championship 1997 ended 2-0 for the Portuguese. Portugal also won the second leg on May 25, 1996 in Coimbra , Portugal.

The Croatians have not yet been represented at the Portuguese Algarve Cup , and Portugal was not present at the Croatian Istria Cup (held until 2017).

Other

At the Canoe Racing World Championships 2018 in Montemor-o-Velho , Portugal , Croatia finished without winning a medal, the host finished seventh. At the 2005 Canoe World Cup in the Croatian capital Zagreb , neither Croatia nor Portugal could win a medal.

The European Rowing Championships 2010 in Montemor-o-Velho finished both Croatia and host Portugal in 12th place. Croatia has not yet hosted any European rowing championships (as of 2019).

At the men's handball world championship in Portugal in 2003 , Croatia became world champions, Portugal came twelfth. Portugal was not qualified for the 2003 Women's Handball World Championship, which was taking place in Croatia at the same time , the hosts finished 14th. Portugal did not qualify for the 2009 Handball World Cup in Croatia, the hosts finished second.

Web links

Commons : Croatian-Portuguese Relations  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Website on Croatian-Portuguese relations in the diplomatic portal of the Portuguese Foreign Ministry , accessed on August 29, 2019
  2. ↑ List of foreign citizens in Portugal (by district) at the Portuguese immigration office Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras, accessed on August 27, 2019
  3. ↑ Website on Croatian-Portuguese migration at the Portuguese Scientific Observatório da Emigração , accessed on August 29, 2019
  4. ^ Website on Portuguese-Serbian relations in the diplomatic portal of the Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs , accessed on August 28, 2019
  5. ↑ Overview of the key data for all bilateral relations in Croatia , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Croatia, accessed on August 28, 2019
  6. ↑ Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa dois dias na Croácia - "Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa two days in Croatia" , article from May 18, 2017 in the Portuguese newspaper Diário de Notícias , accessed on August 29, 2019
  7. ↑ Marcelo e Kolinda ou a aproximação entre Portugal ea Croácia - "Marcelo and Kolinda or the rapprochement between Portugal and Croatia" , article of May 18, 2017 in the Portuguese newspaper Público , accessed on August 29, 2019
  8. ↑ Croatian President Visits Portugal , article from May 11, 2018 on the Croatian news portal www.total-croatia-news.com, accessed on August 29, 2019
  9. ↑ President Grabar Kitarović Visits Portugal , article from May 28, 2019 of the Croatian news portal www.total-croatia-news.com, accessed on August 29, 2019
  10. ↑ Overview of the Yugoslav-Portuguese town twinning at the Association of Portuguese District Administrations (ANMP), accessed on August 27, 2019
  11. ↑ a b c d e Overview of Portugal's economic relations with Croatia , PDF available from the Portuguese Chamber of Commerce AICEP, accessed on August 29, 2019
  12. ↑ Website on the activities in Croatia of the Instituto Camões, accessed on August 29, 2019
  13. ↑ List of all episodes and repetitions of the "Portugueses pelo Mundo" series , RTP website, accessed on August 29, 2019