Polish-Portuguese relations

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Polish-Portuguese relations
Location of Portugal and Poland
PortugalPortugal PolandPoland
Portugal Poland

The Polish-Portuguese relations describe the intergovernmental relationship between Poland and Portugal . The countries have had diplomatic relations since 1923.

Historically, the two countries connect u. a. the refuge of Polish exiles in Portugal during World War II and the presence of Portuguese literature in Poland since the 16th century. Today, both states are primarily partners in the EU , NATO , the OSCE , the Council of Europe , the OECD and a number of other international organizations such as the various UN organizations . In addition, a number of municipalities in both countries are linked as partners.

Both countries are classic emigration countries with a worldwide diaspora . They are also both Catholic and share a widespread devotion to Mary , which can be seen in the pilgrimage sites of Czestochowa in Poland and Fátima in Portugal.

In 2015, 1,576 Polish citizens were registered in Portugal. Poles live in every Portuguese administrative district , with 663 most of them in the Lisbon district , while only three Poles are registered in the Guarda district . The total of remittances from Portugal to Poland amounted to € 4.22 million in 2016 (2015: 6.24 million; 2013: 6.66 million; 2010: 2.52 million; 2005: 2.16 million) ; 2000: 0.53 million).

In 2014, 799 Portuguese citizens were registered as consular in Poland (2010: 499; 2008: 416). You transferred € 0.21 million back to Portugal in 2016 (2015: 0.17; 2013: 3.17 million; 2010: 2.13 million; 2005: 0.29; 2000: 0.15).

history

The church in Madalena do Mar , where the Polish King Władysław III. from the 15th century is said to be buried

According to a legend, the Polish King Władysław III. in the battle of Varna on November 10, 1444, he escaped undetected, until he is said to have settled on the Portuguese island of Madeira under the name Henrique Alemão . According to legend, Władysław founded the current town of Madalena do Mar there in 1457 and is said to be buried there in a small church.

Damião de Góis was probably the first Portuguese diplomat in Poland around 1530

The German-Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus probably met the Portuguese humanist and poet Henrique Caiado (1470–1509), of whom Copernicus also owned several volumes of poetry, during his time in Padua .

Damião de Gois toured Poland in 1529 and 1531, where he in the Polish court I. Sigismund Portuguese Charge d'Affaires was.

At least one renewed Portuguese representation in Poland existed with the diplomat Francisco Pereira da Silva around 1685.

In the course of the Napoleonic invasions at the beginning of the 19th century, troops of the Duchy of Warsaw on the French side also encountered British-Portuguese armies, particularly in the battle of La Albuera in 1811.

After the renewed independence of Poland in 1918 , Vasco Francisco Caetano de Quevedo accredited himself on July 5, 1923 as the first ambassador of Portugal to the Second Polish Republic .

The German invasion of Poland in 1939 interrupted bilateral relations. Intellectuals, the military and other citizens of Poland went underground by the hundreds of thousands or sought refuge abroad. A number of them came to neutral Portugal, especially Estoril .

Only after the Portuguese Carnation Revolution on April 25, 1974 and the subsequent end of the anti-communist Estado Novo regime did the Portuguese Republic and the Socialist People's Republic of Poland resume diplomatic relations on July 11, 1974.

Pope John Paul II , who came from Poland, visited the Portuguese pilgrimage site of Fátima three times .

In 1999 Poland was admitted to NATO as part of NATO's eastward expansion , of which Portugal was a founding member in 1949.

After Portugal joined the EEC (now the EU) in 1986 , Poland became a member of the EU in 2004.

A large number of mutual state visits followed. Polish President Lech Kaczyński, who died in 2010, visited Portugal in 2007, and Portuguese President Cavaco Silva made a return visit in 2008 .

When Polish parliamentarians (including Adam Gawęda ) visited in the summer of 2018, they also visited the Cascais district , to which Estoril belongs. A highlight of her visit was a visit to the statue of the Polish resistance fighter Jan Karski in the center of Estoril, and the town hall of Cascais commemorated the Polish exiles there during the occupation of Poland by Nazi Germany (1939–1945).

The Portuguese Embassy in Warsaw

diplomacy

Portugal maintains an embassy in the Polish capital, Warsaw. There are no other Portuguese consulates in Poland.

Poland has an embassy in Portugal's capital, Lisbon , on Avenida das Descobertas in the municipality of São Francisco Xavier . There are also Polish honorary consulates in Porto and Albufeira in the Algarve .

Town twinning

Ten locations in both countries are partnerships within the framework of community partnerships or European associations or are striving to do so (as of 2013).

Since the mid-1990s, municipalities in both countries have entered into relationships.

Culture

Institutions

The Portuguese cultural institute Instituto Camões is based in Poland a. a. represented by a language center in Lublin , a professorship at the University of Kraków and lectureships at various Polish universities.

literature

Widespread in Poland: the over Castile became known Ritter Omane to Amadis de Gaula , of which at least the first three volumes originally on the Portuguese writer Vasco de Lobeira decline

Historically, books mark Portugal's first significant presence in Poland. Religious writings in particular came in large numbers from Portugal to monastery libraries in Poland in the 16th and 17th centuries, but also to private libraries such as those of Cardinal Hieronim Rozrazewski (1542–1600) or the economist and historian Jost Ludwik Decjucz (1485–1549 ). With over 100 volumes each, the works of Bishop Jerónimo Osório and theologian Agostinho Barbosa were widespread there. Probably the largest private collection of Portuguese books was owned by the Radziwiłł princes of Nieśwież , including works in Latin, Castilian (Spanish) and French, but also in Portuguese, such as two books by António Soares Albergaria .

In addition to the theological writings, novels and travel literature were also widespread. Maciej von Miechowo, for example, a teacher at the traditional University of Krakow , owned a collection of manuscripts of travel reports from Portuguese sea travelers . In the library of King Zygmunt August II. Works by Damião de Góis and Fernão Alves were to be found, and Nicolaus Copernicus owned several volumes of poetry by the Portuguese Henrique Caiado , with whom he probably met in Padua.

The scientific works from Portugal were less common in Poland. Mention should be made here of the work of the physician Amato Lusitano in the possession of the Danzig doctors Krzysztof and Henryk Heyll and King Johann III. Sobieski , who also had a wide selection of Portuguese publications, including poetry and works on history and theology, but also editions of the chivalric novels Amadis de Gaula, which was widespread at the time .

Samuel Twardowski referred in his poem "Bela Pasqualina" 1655 to Diana , a book by Jorge de Montemor , and Maciej Sarbiewski referred in his unfinished work Os Lechias ( Portuguese title) to the episode of Ilha dos Amores from the Lusiads by Luís de Camões .

Camões's work did not spread to Poland until the 18th century, mainly through French translations. So was an edition of “La Lusiade. Poème Heroique de Luis de Camoes ” owned by the last Polish King Stanislaus August , the French editions of Francisco Xavier de Oliveira (the Cavaleiro de Oliveira ), the Lettres d´une Religieuse Portugaise (the Portuguese nun Soror Mariana Alcoforado ) and the Amadis de Gaula novels.

After the first translations of Portuguese, mostly religious works into Polish in the 17th century, the first Polish translation of the Lusiads was not published until 1790, others followed in 1875, 1890 and 1994. The Lusiads enjoyed great popularity in Poland during the 19th century and were not only Subject of Polish essays, but also of teaching at Warsaw University . The work also inspired some romantic authors from Poland, including A. Mickiewicz , J. Słowacki , I. Szydlowski, S. Goszczynski and A. Przezdziecki. G. Grabowski described the relationship between Poles and Camões in 1880 with the sentence “In the eyes of other countries, the name Camões stands for everything that is understood by Portuguese literature. He is synonymous with his people, his fame, his heroics, and even his historical destiny. "

In the first half of the 20th century only two Polish translations appeared Portuguese Books (1911 letters of nun Alcoforado and 1933 copies Humanae Vitae of Uriel da Costa ), but the interest in Portuguese literature in the literary and scientific circles strengthened especially the Romance languages in Poland. Especially Edward Porebowicz and Stanislaw Wedkiewicz were with their important work on the language and literature of Portugal key players and made the Lusitanistics to the subject of teaching and research at the universities of Lviv and Krakow . The outbreak of World War II in 1939 put an end to the development of Lusitan Studies in Poland, which only revived in Krakow in 1972 with the establishment of the Chair for Iberian Studies and its Department for Portuguese and Brazilian Culture. The numerous publications of Portuguese books in Polish translation by the Krakow literary publisher, which also began in the 1970s, deepened Portugal's literary presence in Poland, which has been passed on to this day through publications by various publishing houses in Poland. All of Portugal's major classical and modern authors have now appeared in Polish translations.

Occasionally, current Polish authors refer to Portugal, for example Andrzej Stasiuk in his book Fado (2006), in which he hears Portuguese Fado on his travels, particularly through the Balkans, and thereby comes to fundamental thoughts about transience and change.

Performance of the group Moonspell in Krakow (2007)

music

The Polish conductor Sebastian Perłowski directed the Orquestra Metropolitana de Lisboa several times , at least since 2016. Most recently, the immediately sold-out New Year's Concert in the Centro Cultural de Belém was widely announced on January 1, 2020.

The Portuguese heavy metal formation Moonspell performed several times in Poland, especially at festivals.

Movie

The Polish cinema is regularly Portuguese Film Festival represented. For example, in 1993 the Polish director Marcel Łoziński won the prize for the best documentary film at the first edition of the most important short film festival in Portugal, the Curtas Vila do Conde . Last won Agnieszka Smoczyńskas film siren song at Fantasporto -Filmfestival 2016th

Portuguese film makers are also regularly present at Polish festivals and occasionally win prizes there. The Portuguese cameraman Eduardo Serra, for example, has won several awards at the Camerimage Film Festival in Toruń .

Polish director Andrzej Jakimowski shot his award-winning film “ Imagine ” in Lisbon in 2012 .

The Polish director Andrzej Żuławski , who died in 2016, made his last film in Portugal. The award-winning Franco-Portuguese production Cosmos was produced by Paulo Branco in 2015 and also counted with Portuguese actors (especially Victória Guerra ).

economy

Biedronka branch in Mońki

As part of the opening of the Polish economy to a market economy after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, Portuguese companies also invested in Poland. The best-known example is probably the takeover of the largest Polish supermarket chain Biedronka by the Portuguese group of companies Jerónimo Martins in 1998.

The Portuguese Chamber of Commerce AICEP has a branch at the Portuguese Embassy in Poland's capital Warsaw.

In 2016, Portugal exported goods and services worth 714.1 million euros to Poland ( 2015 : 689.0 million; 2014 : 575.5 million; 2013 : 531.9 million; 2012 : 489.2 million .). Goods accounted for 575.7 million euros, of which 23.4% machines and devices, 12.9% agricultural products, 11.9% paper and cellulose, 9.4% vehicles and vehicle parts, 8.2% plastics and 6 , 5% food.

In the same period, Poland delivered goods and services worth EUR 775.0 million to Portugal ( 2015 : 618.0 million; 2014 : 566.6 million; 2013 : 456.1 million; 2012 : 436.5 million .). Of the goods share of EUR 729.5 million, 28.4% were machines and devices, 14.5% vehicles and vehicle parts, 8.6% agricultural products, 8.1% chemical-pharmaceutical products, 4.5% metal goods and 3 , 8% plastics.

In terms of Portuguese foreign trade in goods, Poland was 12th as a buyer and 13th as a supplier, and in Polish foreign trade in goods, Portugal was in 31st place as a buyer and 40th as a supplier.

Sports

Soccer

Line-up for the Poland-Portugal game on June 30 at the Euro 2016

The Polish national soccer team and the Portuguese national team have played against each other eleven times (as of July 2017). Four Portuguese victories stand against three Polish victories, four times there was a tie. They met for the first time on October 16, 1976, in qualifying for the 1978 World Cup, Portugal lost 2-0 to the Poles at home in Porto .

The Polish women's selection has so far played four times against Portugal's women , who have remained victorious three times, and the Polish women have won once (as of July 2017). They met for the first time on March 7, 2008 at the Algarve Cup 2008 , the game ended 3-1 for Portugal.

Scene in the Poland-Portugal match at the Toruń Basket Cup , August 2014

basketball

In basketball, the Portuguese national basketball team met the Polish visiting team at the Toruń Basket Cup in the Polish city of Toruń in early August 2014 . Poland won the game 87:65.

Portugal has not yet hosted a European basketball championship (as of 2016), while Poland has hosted it several times. However, Portugal did not qualify in either 1963 or 2009 .

Also in the Eurobasket Women 2011 in Portugal was not there.

Other

The nine-member Portuguese stickfighting selection was represented at the 2017 European Championships in Krakow. a. with the multiple world and European champion Carlos dos Santos . In Portugal Stick Fighting (dt .: Stock fencing) as Jogo do pau practiced.

The Polish national ice hockey team and the Portuguese ice hockey team have not yet played against each other (as of July 2017).

In 2017, the Polish chess player Krzysztof Jakubowski won the eleventh edition of the Torneio Internacional de Xadrez da Figueira da Foz , an international chess tournament in the Portuguese seaside resort of Figueira da Foz .

Web links

Commons : Polish-Portuguese Relations  - Collection of Pictures, Videos and Audio Files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Overview of diplomatic relations with Poland at the diplomatic institute in the Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs , accessed on May 4, 2019
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Fernando Cristóvão (Ed.): Dicionário Temático da Lusofonia. Texto Editores, Lisbon / Luanda / Praia / Maputo 2006 ( ISBN 972-47-2935-4 ), pp. 843f
  3. ↑ Official Portuguese aliens statistics by district , Portuguese Aliens and Borders Authority SEF, accessed on August 3, 2017
  4. ↑ a b Website on Polish-Portuguese emigration , accessed on August 15, 2017
  5. ↑ List of Portuguese representatives in Poland at the diplomatic institute in the Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed on January 9, 2020
  6. ↑ a b Parlamentares da Polónia visitam Cascais - “Parliamentarians from Poland visit Cascais” , communication dated August 12, 2018 on the Cascais city administration website, accessed on January 9, 2020
  7. ↑ List of Portuguese missions abroad (under Polónia ), website of the Portuguese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed on August 12, 2017
  8. ^ The consular contacts of Poland in Portugal at the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed on January 25, 2018
  9. ↑ List of Polish-Portuguese town twinning on the website of the Association of Portuguese District Administration ANMP, accessed on August 15, 2017
  10. ↑ Overview of activities in Poland , Instituto Camões website, accessed on August 15, 2017
  11. ↑ Event information on the New Year's Concert of the Orquestra Metropolitana de Lisboa under Sebastian Perłowski , cultural pages of the news portal IOL, accessed on January 9, 2020
  12. ↑ Recurring event information in the evening culture tips Folha de Sala on TV station RTP2 during the last two weeks of December
  13. ↑ Event information for the New Year's Concert 2020 on the Metropolitana website, accessed on January 9, 2020
  14. ^ AICEP page on the branch in Poland , AICEP website, accessed on August 12, 2017
  15. ↑ a b c Bilateral economic relations between Portugal and Poland , Excel file retrieval from the Portuguese Chamber of Commerce AICEP, accessed on August 15, 2017
  16. ↑ see list of international matches of the Portuguese national soccer team # international match balance sheets
  17. ↑ to List of international matches of the Portuguese national football team women's international game balance sheets #
  18. ↑ Photos and information about the Poland-Portugal game at the Toruń Basket Cup on www.sportowefakty.wp.pl (Polish), accessed on August 28, 2017
  19. ^ Message from the Portuguese embassy in Warsaw of July 10, 2017 (port.), Accessed on August 12, 2017
  20. ↑ Torneio Internacional de Xadrez da Figueira da Foz - Polaco Krzysztof Jakubowski venceu 11a edição - "International chess tournament of Figueira da Foz: the Pole Krzysztof Jakubowski won the 11th edition", article from November 8, 2017 (page 3) in the local newspaper A Voz da Figueira