St. Cyriakus (Niedermendig)
The old parish church St. Cyriakus in Niedermendig, a district of Mendig , in the district of Mayen-Koblenz in Rhineland-Palatinate , is a Romanesque church from the 12th century. From 1852 to 1857 a neo-Gothic church was built on the north side of the old parish church according to plans by the Cologne cathedral master craftsman Vincenz Statz , which was dedicated to St. Cyriacus and St. Barbara was consecrated. During renovations of the old church from 1886 to 1888, medieval wall paintings were discovered, which have been exposed again since 1897.
history
Based on stylistic comparisons with other churches and dendrochronological studies of the wooden beams of the roof structure, the time of the church of St. Cyriakus is assumed to be around 1180. Eleven Romanesque frames made of oak , which were felled between 1175 and 1195, are still preserved above the central nave . Another beam in the western part of the church was dated from 1166 to 1186. During this time the west tower was built, of which the first two floors were completed in 1216. The first written mention of the church and parish comes from the year 1215 . In 1474 the tower was raised by the two upper floors, as confirmed by an inscription on the outer wall, and covered with a pointed helmet . In the second half of the 15th century a Gothic chapel was added to the choir . The church suffered damage during the Thirty Years War and in 1620 the tower burned down. Until 1802 St. Cyriakus was a separate church of the Trier cathedral chapter .
description
Exterior construction
The outer walls of the old church are plastered . On the Gothic chapel, which was built in place of the south apse , the black cuboids of the buttresses made of basalt lava stand out . The east wall is divided into three blind arches over pilaster strips . A round-arched window from the Baroque period is cut into the central arch , while the outer arches are shaped like a clover leaf . The motif of the cloverleaf arch was probably adopted from the St. Kastor Basilica in Koblenz , where it appears from 1160. Another four-leaf clover arch spans three arched windows cut into the gable .
Four arched windows, arranged in pairs, structure the upper aisle of the nave . In the south aisle there is a Romanesque entrance portal , which is framed by double- edged round bars. These form nodes instead of capitals at the transom height . The oak door with its iron fittings is late Romanesque . The baroque door frame dates from 1717, as does the inscription: If life goes, death comes, O man do right and fear God .
inner space
The church of St. Cyriakus has three aisles. The central nave has two rectangular bays and ends in a square choir. The side aisles close with semicircular apses. The southern apse was integrated into a Gothic chapel in the 15th century. Low round arches resting on square pillars with profiled transepts separate the central nave from the side aisles. The girdle arches of the central nave bays rest on half-columns with angular backs and capitals that are decorated with palmettes . The choir and central nave are spanned by groin vaults.
The Gothic chapel has tracery windows and a washbasin set into the wall . On the keystone of the ribs together and to one of an angel carried console that is crest of the counts of Virneburg shown.
Furnishing
The oldest piece of equipment in the church is the Romanesque main altar , which is now in the south aisle. A Pietà from the middle of the 18th century stands on it. In the west wall of the central nave and in the floor there are several epitaphs made of basaltic lava dating from the 17th and 18th centuries.
Murals
There are two phases of painting in the wall paintings of St. Cyriakus. The first phase is classified before 1200, shortly after the completion of the church. The representations of Christ's instruments of suffering in the vaulted fields date from this time : the lantern as a symbol for the imprisonment, the rooster as a sign of the denial of Jesus by Peter , the crown of thorns , the scourge , the cross , the lance, the sponge and the ladder as symbols for the crucifixion of Christ.
The depiction of the knight on the south wall is reminiscent of the Crusades and is dated around 1300. Among them is the martyrdom of St. Laurentius is shown, who is roasted on a grill and to whom the hand of God turns from above .
On one of the arcades of the south wall, Mary is depicted sitting on a throne , with a lily in her hand, next to the baby Jesus . In the other arcade you can see the scene Noli me tangere . Mary Magdalene , who is characterized by her long hair, is on her knees before Jesus, who is depicted as a gardener and holds a spade in his hand. About this the baptism of Jesus takes place in the Jordan . A huge dove hovers over Jesus, John the Baptist is on his right and an angel on his left. The third scene shows St. James with a pilgrim's hat and staff next to a king with a lily scepter .
The second phase of painting, which begins in the second half of the 13th century, is assigned: the six meter high figure of St. Christophorus on the north wall, the twelve apostles on both sides of the central nave and the depiction of the Last Judgment above the choir arch . The apostles are represented with books and swords , some of them carry the instruments of torture of their martyrdom. The apostle Matthias is deported by his ax, Bartholomäus wears his peeled skin over his arm. John holds an oil barrel in his hand, Judas Thaddäus a club. In the Last Judgment scene, Christ is enthroned on a cloud and two swords come out of his mouth. Next to him, Mary and John the Baptist kneel as intercessors. Two angels blow a trumpet . On the level below, the damned are driven to hell where devils await them. The blessed go up a hill with folded hands towards the hand of God.
In a scene in the top of the north wall, St. James is shown with a large shell on his chest, crowned by the pilgrim standing next to him.
The crucifixion scene under St. Christophorus comes from the first half of the 14th century. To the left of the cross stands John supporting Mary, to the right of the cross is St. Cyriacus depicted with stole and martyr's palm . The representation of St. Anna herself is attributed to the time around 1470. Anna hands a fruit to Jesus, who is sitting on Mary's lap.
In the north aisle an arch is decorated with flower tendrils. A representation shows St. Margaret with a book, a martyr's palm and a dragon . Another saint stands next to her .
On the top wall of the south aisle, a painting from the 14th century depicts St. Nicholas , who brings one of the scholars killed and pickled in a salt barrel back to life.
Bells
In the tower of the double church, which belongs to the old church, a four-part bell hangs. Of the four bells that existed before the Second World War , three had to be handed in for war purposes in 1942. In 1950, four new bells were cast in the Mabilon bell foundry in Saarburg , with the remaining bell from 1651 being cast from the old bells to match the other bells. Bell four is the angelus bell .
| No. | Ø (cm) | kg | Chime | inscription |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | 154 | 2300 | cis ′ | Christ yesterday - Christ today - Christ for ever and ever |
| 2. | 129 | 1350 | e ′ | Faithfulness and courage to believe - Saint Cyriac pray for us |
| 3. | 112 | 950 | f sharp ′ | Grace for a blessed death - Holy Mary pray for us |
| 4th | 88 | 580 | a ′ | Justice and Peace - Queen of Peace pray for us |
New Church
The new three-aisled church built in the middle of the 19th century based on the model of the Cologne Minorite Church was built alongside the existing church and is almost twice as long and significantly higher than the old church. There is a high altar in the choir, which was created around 1490 by the painter Derick Baegert (1440–1515) from Wesel .
The organ with 36 registers on two manuals and pedal was built in 1925 by the Klais organ workshop in Bonn . In 1963 it was renovated and rebuilt.
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- Coupling: normal coupling, sub- and super-octave coupling
Parish community
St. Cyriakus belongs together with St. Genovefa (Obermendig), St. Florinus (Bell), St. Maximin (Ettringen), St. Nikolaus (Kottenheim) and St. Johannes Ap. (Door) to the parish community of Mendig.
literature
- Manfred Böckling: St. Cyriakus in Mendig . Rheinische Kunststätten, issue 500. Ed .: Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Landschaftsschutz , Cologne 2007, ISBN 978-3-86526-017-8 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ St. Cyriakus Niedermendig - The Mabilon Bell , accessed on December 3, 2017
- ↑ St. Cyriakus Niedermendig - The Klais organ ; here also the disposition ; Retrieved December 3, 2017
Coordinates: 50 ° 22 ′ 17.9 ″ N , 7 ° 16 ′ 33.2 ″ E