St. Johann Baptist (Eching)
The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Johann Baptist in Eching near Landshut is a baroque hall church in Lower Bavaria . The church consecrated to John the Baptist (Memorial Day: June 24th) is registered as a monument with the number D-2-74-124-2 at the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation .
location
The parish church is located in the hamlet of Eching near the Echinger reservoir . Around the building is the cemetery with a wall from the 18th or 19th century. The basilical burial chapel of the Counts of Preysing, which was built in 1891 in neo-Romanesque style, is located on this site . The building is structured by pilaster strips and a round arch frieze.
history
A church with the patronage of Johann Baptist in the village of Eching was first mentioned in 816 under Bishop Hitto von Freising . At that time, the Echinger church belonged to a group of around 30 churches that were particularly close to the bishopric, most of which later became parish churches . In the 13th century at the latest, the parish of Eching was withdrawn from the Bishop of Freising and the right of occupation was transferred to the Bavarian dukes. In the course of this, the parish seat was moved to St. Martin in Landshut in the 13th century and Eching was demoted to the position of vicariate . When the collegiate monastery of St. Kastulus was moved from Moosburg to Landshut in 1598 , Eching became much more dependent on the collegiate monastery than other incorporated parishes in the following period . This dependency only ended with the secularization and the abolition of the collegiate foundation in 1803.
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The predecessor of today's church was possibly a Gothic church or even a Romanesque basilica that stood directly on the banks of the Isar . Since 1577 there has been evidence of a constant threat to the church building from undercutting. The tower and parts of the nave collapsed on June 3, 1702 due to washings as a result of a flood . As early as 1694, the decision was made to build a new building a safe distance from the river, but in 1702 this failed because of the financing. After the collapse of the old church, the planning of a new building was delayed because of the Spanish War of Succession , which caused great hardship and poverty in Bavaria. In 1706 the planning and 1708 the construction of today's church could begin, which was financed entirely by the collegiate monastery in Landshut. The building site, which is further away from the Isar, was set out on March 28, 1708, the construction work under the Landshut city architect Wolfgang Echam and the court carpenter Wolf Egkhart dragged on until 1710; at last the sacristy and oratory were added. The uniformly baroque interior design goes back to a foundation by the Counts of Preysing - Hohenaschau .
In 2011, the 300th anniversary of the church was celebrated. A total renovation of the church over several years was completed in September 2013 . The church received the first altar made entirely of ceramic in Germany as a new popular altar . Furthermore, during the renovation, the original lime setting of the inner walls was exposed, so that the appearance of the church largely corresponds to the previous appearance. The floor was covered with Solnhofer slabs , and new dark smoked oak benches were purchased for seating.
architecture
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Exterior construction
The baroque hall church has a retracted choir with a yoke and a semicircular apse . The nave of the same height has three bays. The sacristy is attached to the south of the choir; there is an oratory on the upper floor. The exterior structure is structured by a circumferential plinth and wide, yellow-washed pilaster strips, which contrast with the white backs of the wall. The window openings are rounded ; above these are smaller, segment-arched closing windows.
The tower , built on a square ground plan to the west, has the same structural elements as the rest of the building. Instead of windows there are only narrow slits of light. The tower is set off halfway up by a strong cornice . A horizontal band of pilaster strips is arranged just above it, leading to the bell storey . This has several tower clocks and round-arched sound openings on all sides . The top is an onion cap with a ball and cross .
inner space
The first floor of the tower gives access to the interior, which is vaulted by a needle cap barrel. The individual yokes are separated by wide belt arches . These rest on sturdy pilasters , which also have a circumferential, multi-profiled cornice band. A double gallery has been inserted in the rear nave yoke . What is striking is the strict use of Italian Baroque forms, which is particularly evident in the space and beautiful proportions .
Furnishing
Essential parts of the predominantly baroque church furnishings - the three altars, the pulpit and the five-part cycle of paintings with scenes from the life of Jesus - is a donation from Maximilian Johann Franz von Preysing from 1711, as evidenced by an inscription on the south wall of the chancel. The coat of arms of the noble family can be seen on the altars and on the pulpit.
Altars
The four-column stucco marble high altar contains an altar panel from 1708 with a representation of Mary with the baby Jesus and the church patron John the Baptist. The excerpt again shows a representation of John the Baptist. Above the side passages there are almost life-size figures of the church patron Johannes (left) and St. Laurentius (right) from around 1500. The two two-column side altars are designed as counterparts.
The popular altar, which was created after the Second Vatican Council based on the high altar stipes , was replaced by a modern ceramic altar during the last major renovation in 2013. Its structure is based on the baroque folds and therefore blends in well with the rest of the church furnishings . The new ambo is designed in the same style.
pulpit
The pulpit on the north side of the nave has a polygonal body, which is prominently decorated with the Preysing coat of arms. On the underside of the sound cover is a representation of the Holy Spirit dove, on top a putti head and a baroque vase .
Other equipment
On the walls in the choir and nave there are five large baroque painting panels in oil on canvas that retell scenes from the life of Jesus: the adoration of the Magi , the flight into Egypt , Christ carrying the cross , the burial of Christ and the Emmaus supper . The first and third paintings are of the highest quality. All five pictures date from the early 18th century and, like the altars and the pulpit, are part of the Preysing Foundation.
In the rear Langhausjoch, ie below the gallery, there are two Renaissance - epitaphs for members of the noble family Preysing 16th century. These were taken over from the previous building. The older one is marked with the year 1531 and was executed in the style of Stefan Rottaler, possibly by himself. It is 2.30 meters high and 1.56 meters wide. Between various inscriptions is the marriage coat of arms with the crest of Hanns von Preysing and his wife Dorothea, who died in Holy Week of 1531. It is attached to the north wall of the nave. On the opposite wall is another tomb dedicated to Erasmus von Preysing, who died in 1550, and his wife Anna. It also shows the marriage coat of arms with a crest. However, at 1.30 × 0.93 meters, the epitaph is significantly smaller than its counterpart.
organ
The organ was created in 1907 by Ignaz Weise from Plattling . The pneumatic cone shop instrument with a free-standing console is housed in a neo-baroque brochure . It comprises twelve registers , which are divided into two manuals and pedal . The disposition is as follows:
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- Coupling : II / I, II / P, I / P, Super I, Super II, Super II / I, Sub II / I
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Landshuter Zeitung of June 24, 2016, p. 22f.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Anton Eckardt (ed.): Art monuments of the Kingdom of Bavaria - District Office Landshut. Oldenbourg, Munich 1914, pp. 71-75 ( digitized version ).
- ↑ Parish Eching in Lower Bavaria: Parish Church of St. Johann Baptist in Eching . Online at www.eching-nb.de ; accessed on October 25, 2019.
- ↑ myheimat.de: 300 years Eching parish church near Landshut ( Memento from February 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c Münchner Kirchennachrichten: Like a baroque drapery - Germany's first ceramic altar ( Memento from February 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Bavarian organ database online
Coordinates: 48 ° 30 '17.4 " N , 12 ° 3' 28.3" E