St. Peter (Altheim near Landshut)

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Exterior view of the parish church of St. Peter

The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Peter (also Peterskirche ) in Altheim , a district of the Essenbach market in the Lower Bavarian district of Landshut , is a late Gothic hall church , which was probably built by a representative of the Landshut Bauhütte. In essence, it goes back to a previous Romanesque building. The parish of Altheim is an original parish of the Diocese of Regensburg , as it can be traced back to the 9th century AD. For historical reasons, the small town on Bundesstraße 15 has a second church, the Andreas Church .

history

Parish history

The parish of Altheim is a so-called original parish. When it was first mentioned in a document in 883, there was at least one church in the place , probably a parish church. Around the year 1000, the curious situation required that Altheim (like the neighboring towns of Ergolding and Altdorf ) was exactly on the diocese border, two parish churches in the town: the Andreas Church in the Diocese of Regensburg and the Peterskirche in the Diocese of Freising . Only when the diocese border was moved to the Isar in 1157 this situation came to an end and the Peterskirche - now part of the diocese of Regensburg - was raised to the sole parish church.

The parish Altheim was once the seat of a deanery ; this is still indicated today by the name of the Landshut-Altheim dean's office , although the seat has long since been moved to Landshut. The former large parish Altheim also almost comprised the area of ​​today's market town Essenbach with the exception of Mettenbach . In 1813 the parish consisted of souls in 2012, in 1906 there were already more than 4,000 parishioners and around one and a half dozen branch churches . In 1922 the Essenbach branch was raised to an independent parish, in 1962 the Mirskofen branch and in 1964 the parish of Ahrain was established after the construction of the St. Erhard church.

Building history

The core of today's church construction goes back to a Romanesque church from the 12th or 13th century. The existence of butt joints and the different brick dimensions suggest that the tower was built a little later than the nave .

Thanks to a generous donation from the Landshut duke , the Romanesque church was expanded in the middle of the 15th century. Stylistic features point to a master builder from the ranks of the Landshut Bauhütte, whose most famous building is the Landshut Martinskirche . The Romanesque nave was raised by about half and extended to the west by the depth of the gallery . In addition, the tower was raised and a new altar house was added. On the western keystone of the choir vault , the year 1456 indicates the date of completion. On the choir vault there are also the coats of arms of Duke Ludwig the Rich , his mother Margaret of Austria and his wife Amalia of Saxony , who acted as donors and sponsors of the expansion.

Building repairs were carried out in 1777 and 1780 by Landshut's master city masons Konrad Aloys Schaffner and Thaddäus Leuthner. The steeple only got its pointed helmet in the 19th century; At that time, the additions to the west of the sacristy , the north portal and almost all of the church furnishings were also built .

In 2010 an exterior renovation took place , in 2013 an interior renovation. The church received a new people's altar and a new ambo from the sculptor Robert M. Weber from Grafing near Munich .

architecture

Exterior construction

The parish church of St. Peter is a late Gothic hall church, whereby the nave walls and the tower substructure are essentially Romanesque. The nave comprises five yokes . The choir, which has not been drawn in, comprises two bays and is closed on five octagonal sides, with the two-bay sacristy built on the north side. This is followed by chapel extensions - adjacent to the north side of the nave . In the south-west, i.e. in the rear area of ​​the nave, the half-receding eight-storey tower is attached, which rises above a square floor plan . It is enlivened by round arch friezes that have been preserved from Roman times . In the course of the regotisation in the 19th century, the tower was raised, whereby the old, clogged sound openings on the seventh floor can still be seen. The pointed helmet, visible from afar, rises from four triangular gables . In the corner between the nave and the choir, i.e. on the south side of the nave, there is a vestibule. The north portal has only a small roof with a triangular gable.

The completely plastered brick building is structured by ogival window and door openings; The opening of the vestibule to the south is also made with an ogival arch. The entire building, with the exception of the older part of the nave, is built on a base. On the east side of the tower and on the west side of the choir arch wall, the cantilevered supports of the older roof, which was considerably lower, have been preserved. The exterior of the old building is also divided by two buttresses , the middle section of which is placed over a corner. On the choir and nave there is also a surrounding roof frieze that is typical of the Landshut construction works of the 15th century.

inner space

Gothic net vault in the nave

The five-bay nave is spanned by a reticulated vault, the pear-shaped ribs of which arise from profiled half- octagonal brackets and run towards two round keystones . A ribbed vault is drawn in under the double gallery , which spans the rear nave yoke . This can also be seen in the vestibule. The high, pointed choir arch is chamfered on both sides. In the choir there is a star-shaped rib vault, the grooved ribs of which arise from head consoles on rectangular bevelled pilasters . The vault is structured by pointed arches of the same kind . The vault ribs run towards two keystones. The larger, eastern keystone bears a painted chest relief of the church patron St. Peter, the smaller, western keystone the year of construction (1456). The net vault in the sacristy, which rises from consoles like in the nave and has rib cross-sections like in the choir, has a rectangular configuration. The keystones have pointed coats of arms .

Furnishing

High altar depicting the handing over of the keys to Peter

Most of the altars and other church furnishings date from the Neo-Gothic period in the 19th century. At the high altar is a relief to the church patron figure group of keys Peter to see. The side altars are made with the inclusion of carvings and panel paintings from around 1515. These are probably the remains of a Marien and a Catherine altar from the pilgrimage church of St. Wolfgang near Essenbach. The works come from the environment of the master Hans Wertinger from Landshut. The neo-Gothic pulpit contains half-reliefs of Jesus Christ and the Four Evangelists on the polygonal body .

A life-size figure of Saint Peter dates from 1466. Remnants of wall paintings from the second half of the 16th century have been preserved. Under the gallery there is, for example, a depiction of the Last Judgment from around 1580. The baroque cheeks with acanthus carvings date from around 1700. The oldest piece of church furnishings is probably the late Romanesque baptismal font , which is designed as a shell basin. It used to be housed in a narrow niche next to the left side altar, since the interior renovation in 2013 it has been shifted slightly to the right in front of the altar step. In the niche you can see the group of figures that crowned the cover of the baptismal font before the renovation: a representation of the baptism of Jesus in the Jordan by John the Baptist .

  • Left side altar

  • Right side altar

  • Neo-Gothic pulpit with half-reliefs of Christ and the Evangelists

  • Late Romanesque font

  • Baroque cheeks (around 1700)

  • Organ loft

organ

The organ of the parish church of St. Peter was built in 1921 by Ludwig Edenhofer junior from Deggendorf . The pneumatic cone loading instrument has a laterally mounted playing table . It comprises a total of ten registers on two manuals and pedal . The disposition is as follows:

I Manual C – f 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. Gamba 8th'
3. flute 8th'
4th Octav 4 ′
5. mixture 2 ′
II Manual C – f 3
6th Salicional 8th'
7th Dumped 8th'
8th. Pointed flute 4 ′
Pedal C – d 1
9. Sub-bass 16 ′
10. Violonbass 8th'

Web links

Commons : St. Peter (Altheim bei Landshut)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Markt Essenbach: Churches and parishes . Online at www.essenbach.de ; accessed on August 12, 2019.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Anton Eckardt (Hrsg.): Art monuments of the Kingdom of Bavaria - District Office Landshut. Oldenbourg, Munich 1914, pp. 35-41 ( digitized version ).
  3. ^ A b Parish community Altheim-Ahrain: General information on the parish Altheim . Online at www.stpeter-altheim.de ; accessed on August 12, 2019.
  4. ^ Nadler-Sperk-Reif Architectural Partnership BDA: Renovation of St. Peter, Altheim . Online at nadler-sperk.de ; accessed on August 12, 2019.
  5. ↑ a b c d Altheim, St. Peter . Online at kirchturm.net ; accessed on August 12, 2019.
  6. ↑ Bavarian organ database online

Coordinates: 48 ° 35 ′ 41.9 ″  N , 12 ° 12 ′ 18.8 ″  E