St. Peter (Ensheim)
The Church of St. Peter is a Catholic parish church in Ensheim , a district of the Saarland capital Saarbrücken . The church patron is the apostle Peter . In the list of monuments of the Saarland, the church is a single monument listed.
The parish of St. Peter and the parish of St. Laurentius in neighboring Eschringen belong to the diocese of Speyer , all other parishes in the urban area of Saarbrücken belong to the diocese of Trier . This is due to the territorial and administrative reform in Saarland in 1974 , when Ensheim and Eschringen were spun off from the then St. Ingbert district , whose parishes belong to the Speyr diocese, and added to the city of Saarbrücken.
history
It is possible that there was a small church or chapel in Ensheim as early as the early Middle Ages . This is indicated by the St. Peter's patronage . The church was probably part of a fortified square at the point where a schoolhouse was built in 1840–1842. During excavation work for the construction of the school building, remains of the wall, foundations of a circular masonry and a medal with the image of St. Peter, which historians dated to the early Middle Ages.
In 1155 a new church was built on the site of today's church. Documents from 1152 and 1179 confirm a sale of land by Ditmar from the Ensheim noble family to the Wadgassen monastery . The proceeds from this sale were probably used to cover the construction costs. The church from 1155 was a small hall with small windows (different from what was usual at the time), a flat ceiling and an east-facing choir . A tower was built on the western wall . Inside the church was painted with frescoes until at least the beginning of the Reformation period . It was also equipped with an organ and two bells . A document from 1717 certified that the church building was in good condition, but in 1738 the Bishop of Metz warned for an urgent renovation or a new building because of the threat of collapse . However, the implementation was delayed several times by the Wadgassen monastery.
In 1751, the closure of the Gothic church was apparently no longer averted, but it took another three years to reach an agreement on a new building, which should be completed by July 25 (St. Jacob's Day) 1755. Heinrich Eckart, master builder at Wadgassen Abbey, was responsible for the planning, while his son Nikolaus Eckart was in charge of the local construction management . After the old church was demolished, it was built exactly on the foundations of the previous building using old usable materials . However, no new church tower was built, but a wooden roof turret was placed on the west gable . Due to the turmoil in the years during and after the French Revolution , the maintenance of the building fabric was neglected, so that the church was in a poor structural condition at the beginning of the 19th century.
This condition was soon remedied, but due to the increased number of residents in Ensheim, the church building had become too small so that an enlargement had to be considered. In 1834 the enlargement was made by extending the nave 6 meters to the west. But the expansion soon turned out to be insufficient, there was still a lack of space. However, before further expansion was considered, the baroque high altar had to be restored in 1849 due to woodworm infestation. The baroque decorative painting also had to be restored, which happened in the 1850s. Shortly afterwards, it was necessary to renew the damaged plaster ceiling in the choir room. As part of these renovation measures, the high altar was given a new gilding and a large panel was attached to the rear wall behind the altar . In 1872 the interior renovation was completed with the renewed decoration of the walls in the chancel and the restoration of the side altars and the pulpit .
In 1887 a first decision was made to expand again. First, however, an emergency renovation of the church had to be carried out in 1892, because snow water had penetrated due to several leaks in the roof , the entire gilding had been browned by a lightning strike and some stucco parts had fallen from the ceiling. Another building measure concerned the sacristy on the north side, which was too small and too damp and should be rebuilt on the south side, with a chapel in the basement. The execution was made possible by private donors , and in March 1898 the St. Ingbert architect Eichbaum was commissioned to plan and supervise the project.
In 1907 a comprehensive church expansion was finally decided after stucco elements had fallen from the ceiling again. After the financing was secured, the architect Wilhelm Schulte sen. ( Neustadt ) for the planning and construction supervision of the extension building. The building permit was granted by the Palatinate district government on January 22nd, 1908. After the old choir was torn down, a transept, a new choir with sacristy and a tower were added to the nave. The chapel from 1898 was integrated into the extension. In 1911 the extended church building was inaugurated by the then Speyer Bishop Michael Faulhaber . In 1933/34 the interior of the church was redesigned based on the Baroque style. a. with wall and ceiling paintings.
During the Second World War , the church was badly damaged inside and out several times. So fell z. B. as a result of a bombing in the immediate vicinity of the interior plaster, and thus also the painting from the 1930s for the most part of the walls and ceilings. Most of the windows were also destroyed. Only the large window with the representation of the baptism of Jesus in the south transept as well as a window of Mary and a window with scenes from the life of the patron saint Peter in the west facade of the church remained. It took years until the greatest damage was repaired. It wasn't until the spring of 1953 that the interior was given a simple new coat of paint.
Between 1968 and 1972 a large and extensive exterior and interior renovation was carried out, which was led by the Blieskastel architect Karl Nenno. As part of this work, the interior was also redesigned in accordance with the liturgical reform of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965). The order for this was given to Egon Stöckle ( Oberfinning ), who redesigned the altar island at the intersection of the main nave and transept in a modern style. The windows were also subjected to a modern redesign, which was carried out by the art glazier Wilhelm Hack ( Weilheim / Teck ) based on designs by Heribert Glatzel. In the years 1994 to 1996 a new and extensive exterior and interior renovation took place.
Building description
The inside of the church
In the chancel there is the baroque high altar , which in its basic form dates from the 18th century, but was not given its present form until 1911 by the altar construction company Anton Vogel ( Bergzabern ). To the right and left, two large worshiping angels by a Lorraine artist lean towards the center of the altar. They also date from the 18th century and were probably part of the original baroque altar. A paneling surrounds the sanctuary, originally from one of the houses owned by the Abbey Wadgassen. An open confessional is integrated into this paneling . The two side altars were also redesigned by the Anton Vogel company . The statues of Mary and Joseph set up in niches of the two side altars are copies of older Baroque figures and were donated to the parish in the early 1960s.
The interior also includes some wooden figures of saints from the 18th century, a crucifixion group that probably dates from the middle of the 19th century, and a baroque pulpit . On the wall between pulpit basket and sounding board is a Rococo - crucifix which to 1911 adorned the altar of 1892nd The crucifixion group, which stands next to the pulpit in a walled-up window niche in the side wall of the nave, was on the high altar from 1867 to 1892.
Since 1986 there has been a way of the cross under the gallery in the north aisle , which was artistically designed by Father Peter Klein SAC. The design is unusual: in seven stations, the stations of Jesus' Way of the Cross are juxtaposed with scenes from the Old Testament; an eighth station shows the vision of a new heaven and a new earth.
In a chapel under the church there is a pieta made of linden wood, which was acquired in 1897 by the Aloys Kalb company ( Munich ).
The exterior of the church
The church was built in the style of the late Renaissance or early Baroque . The expansion of the early 20th century adapted to the style. The church building has plastered exterior surfaces and gable and window frames made of stone .
Next to the church is a baroque portal made of red sandstone from 1755. It has a high structure with pilasters , the top of which are two capitals on which a strong entablature with a split- segment gable rests, in which there is a figure niche with St. Peter. Until the first church expansion (1834), people entered the church through this portal, which today is an archway between the church and a neighboring house. At that time it led directly inside through the western front of the church.
Bells
Bells were probably rung in Ensheim as early as the Middle Ages, but there are hardly any sources for this. In 1577, bells are mentioned in some reports. In a contract from 1609, the Wadgassen monastery promised to “supply the church and the bells”, while the congregation had to take care of the rectory and the pastor. When the new church was built in 1755, the parish acquired a new bell, although no documents have been preserved about its size and whereabouts.
Until the construction of the great church tower as part of the restructuring from 1907 to 1909, the parish had a peal of three bells in the roof turret on the nave , of which survived to this day two. The new tower now offered space for more than three bells, so that a fourth bell was purchased in 1913, which was cast by the bell foundry in Hamm ( Frankenthal ) and weighed 1,067.5 kg. It was thus the largest bell in the Ensheim church until then. In July 1917, three of the four bells had to be given for war purposes during the First World War . In September 1918 the last bell was confiscated and transported away, but was no longer used for war purposes, so that it was returned to the parish after the war. Despite great economic difficulties, after the war in 1924 the parish was able to get a replacement for the two bells that had been removed. Two new bells were commissioned from Mabilon & Co ( Saarburg ): a “St. Peter bell” (1050 kg, e ′) and a “Mother of God bell” (300 kg, h ′) weight . On January 4, 1925, they were consecrated by Bishop Ludwig Sebastian. In 1942 all bells were again confiscated for war purposes. This time in World War II . One bell, however, was allowed to remain in the tower, namely the oldest bell from the Wadgasser period, cast in 1784. The Petrus Bell from 1856 survived the war and was brought back to Ensheim in January 1948.
In 1955, the Saarlouis bell foundry in Saarlouis-Fraulautern, which had been founded by Karl (III) Otto from the Otto bell foundry in Bremen-Hemelingen and Alois Riewer from Saarland in 1953, cast five bronze bells for the Ensheim Peters Church with the chimes: c ′ - es ′ - f ′ - g ′ - b ′. The bells have the following diameters: 1586 mm, 1325 mm, 1179 mm, 1051 mm. 919 mm and weigh: 2466 kg, 1465 kg, 1037 kg, 735 kg, 435 kg. On November 6, 1955, the bells were picked up in Saarlouis and brought to Ensheim, where they were solemnly consecrated on November 13, 1955 by Speyer cathedral capitular Alfred Scheller. The two historic bells returned to the roof turret on the nave.
| No. | Surname | volume | Weight (kg) | Godfather / godmother | inscription |
| 1 | St. Michael | c 1 | 2300 | Homecoming Association Ensheim | "St. Michael, protect the church, the shepherds and the hearth with your shield and sword! In memory of the fallen and missing " |
| 2 | Christ-King | it 1 | 1400 | Helmut Breier | "Jesus Christ, King and center of our families, bless our families" |
| 3 | St. Peter | f 1 | 1000 | Ensheim community | "You are Peter the rock and on this rock I want to build my church" |
| 4th | Mother of God | g 1 | 700 | Mothers association | "O gracious, o mild, o sweet Virgin Mary" |
| 5 | St. Barbara | b 1 | 500 | Pensioners' Association | "In distress, the mother calls out: St. Barbara help! Whoever remembers my help in life, may be given a good death " |
In addition to the five bells in the tower, the church also has two historical bells, which are located in the roof turret of the nave. On the one hand the "St. Peter bell" from 1865 (675 kg, g 1 ) and the "St. Maria bell" from 1784 (400 kg, a 1 ). They were spared from being confiscated and melted down during the two world wars. However, their intonation does not harmonize with the rest of the bells, so that they are only used separately on special occasions, such as B. baptisms, ring the bell.
organ
In the old Gothic church there was very likely a smaller organ at the beginning of the Reformation . It was made playable again after 1680 by the organ builder Johann Jacob Cramer from Wadgau, after it was possibly not used for decades after the beginning of the Reformation, and was also used in the new church from 1755. However, the instrument was quite fragile and had to undergo major repairs in 1811 and 1845. During the repairs in 1845, which the organ builder Hemmert (Remlingen / Lothringen ) carried out, major and irreparable damage came to light, so that the Ensheim church administration sold the organ in 1860. The organ building company Schlimbach (Speyer) was commissioned to build a new, larger, two manual organ. After the church was expanded in 1908/09, the instrument underwent a comprehensive renovation by the Franz Kämmerer workshop (Speyer), which also added a few registers . The organ was initially placed on the side gallery and was inaugurated on September 18, 1910. Because the sound of the instrument on the side gallery did not develop properly and the organ was exposed to moisture, it was moved back to the main gallery in 1928.
Due to war damage, the organ had to be rebuilt, which was carried out in 1953 by the company Gebr. Späth Orgelbau ( Mengen ) as Opus 582 using old components . The organ with a free pipe prospect was built in the same place as its predecessor on the main gallery. The instrument has 25 registers on three manuals and pedal and a free-standing console . The wind chests are electro-pneumatic cone chests.
In 2003 the organ was thoroughly renovated and restored by Hugo Mayer Orgelbau ( Heusweiler ).
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- Coupling : II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
- Playing aids : Trigger, two free combinations, a pedal combination, tutti, roller, roller off, individual tongue storage
- Remarks
Web links
- Interpresence of the parish community Ensheim
- Catholic Church of St. Peter Saarbrücken-Ensheim (video with sound)
- Literature on St. Peter (Ensheim) in the Saarland Bibliography
- Tower recording of the special bells in the main tower of the Catholic parish church St. Peter in Saarbrücken-Ensheim
Individual evidence
- ↑ List of monuments of the Saarland, partial list of monuments state capital Saarbrücken (PDF; 653 kB), accessed on July 9, 2012
- ↑ St. Peter, Ensheim ( Memento of the original from January 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at: csm.bistum-speyer.de, accessed on July 9, 2012
- ^ A first church St. Peter Ensheim on: pfarrei-ensheim.de, accessed on July 9, 2012
- ↑ The medieval church from the 12th century on: pfarrei-ensheim.de, accessed on July 9, 2012
- ↑ a b The beginning of the baroque church in the 18th century On: pfarrei-ensheim.de, accessed on July 9, 2012
- ↑ First extensions at the beginning of the 19th century On: pfarrei-ensheim.de, accessed on July 9, 2012
- ^ Further extensions at the end of the 19th century On: Pfarrei-ensheim.de, accessed on July 9, 2012
- ↑ a b On the way to today's church building in the 20th century On: pfarrei-ensheim.de, accessed on July 9, 2012
- ↑ During and after World War II on: pfarrei-ensheim.de, accessed on July 9, 2012
- ↑ Renovations in the 1970s and 1990s On: pfarrei-ensheim.de, accessed on July 9, 2012
- ↑ a b c d A tour of the parish church of St. Peter Ensheim on: pfarrei-ensheim.de, accessed on July 10, 2012
- ↑ a b Information on the parish church of St. Peter on: www.kunstlexikonsaar.de, accessed on July 10, 2012
- ↑ The Way of the Cross in St. Peter Ensheim On: heilige-veronika.de, accessed on December 8, 2018
- ↑ a b c d The bells of St. Peter On: pfarrei-ensheim.de, accessed on July 9, 2012
- ^ Gerhard Reinhold: Otto bells. Family and company history of the Otto bell foundry dynasty . Self-published, Essen 2019, ISBN 978-3-00-063109-2 , p. 588, especially page 567 .
- ↑ Gerhard Reinhold: Church bells - Christian world cultural heritage, illustrated using the example of the bell founder Otto, Hemelingen / Bremen . Nijmegen / NL 2019, p. 556, especially p. 518 , urn : nbn: nl: ui: 22-2066 / 204770 (PhD thesis at Radboud University Nijmegen).
- ↑ a b c The organ of St. Peter on: pfarrei-ensheim.de, accessed on July 9, 2012
- ↑ Organ of the Church of St. Peter (Catholic) ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Info page of the Orgeln im Saarland website , accessed on July 9, 2012
Coordinates: 49 ° 12 ′ 13.7 ″ N , 7 ° 6 ′ 36.7 ″ E