Theophil von Hansen
Theophil Edvard Hansen , in Austria from 1867 Ritter von Hansen, from 1884 Baron von Hansen (born July 13, 1813 in Copenhagen , † February 17, 1891 in Vienna ) was a Danish - Austrian master builder and architect of classicism and historicism .
Life
Theophil Hansen was one of six children of the violinist and insurance clerk Rasmus Hansen Braathen (1774-1824) from Eiker ( Viken , Norway ) and of Sophie Elisabeth Jensen from Nyboder near Copenhagen. His brother was the architect Hans Christian Hansen (1803-1883). They were not related to the rather Roman-inspired Danish classicism pioneer Christian Frederik Hansen , who was born in 1756, but based on his work with their strong reference to Greece: Both brothers built in Athens , i.e. in the vicinity of the original models on the Acropolis .
After an apprenticeship with Karl Friedrich Schinkel and his studies in Vienna, Theophil Hansen moved to Athens in 1837 , where he mainly studied Greek and Hellenistic architecture. Hansen began to draw classicist building designs, which convinced the Athens city planner Eduard Schaubert (a business partner of his brother Hans Christian Hansen ) to recommend him for building projects. The Athens observatory was his first building contract, and other buildings followed. Hansen stayed in Athens for eight years. From the 1860s onwards, Hansen's site manager in Athens was the Saxon architect Ernst Ziller , a student of Hansen.
The Greek-Austrian banker Georg Simon von Sina , who valued Hansen's buildings in Athens, brought him to Vienna (according to another source, Hansen was brought to Vienna by Förster) so that he could implement his Viennese building projects in the “Greek style”. Hansen also worked in Vienna as an assistant to Ludwig Förster . He married his daughter Sophie (1830-1851), but she died after only six months of marriage. She was buried in the Sankt Marxer Friedhof , at that time still outside the city gates.
In its beginnings, for example at the kk Hof-Waffenmuseum in the arsenal in Vienna, Hansen was more oriented towards a romantic style, later Hansen became the most outstanding representative of the strict Renaissance- oriented historicism ( neo-renaissance ), which he also called the Viennese style . This style extended down to the smallest details of the interior design and sometimes took on the traits of a total work of art .
The kk Hof-Waffenmuseum (today's Army History Museum ) was the first museum building planned as such in Vienna and was built under the direction of Hansen from 1850 to 1856, but was not open to the public for the first time until 1869. Hansen used a historical building as a model: the arsenal in Venice, built from 1104 onwards . He took over the Byzantine style elements and added gothic elements. The brick construction method was also adopted for this plant .
In 1858 the demolition of the Vienna city walls and the construction of the Vienna Ringstrasse began . Hansen became one of its most important architects. During the construction of the two Viennese court museums, the Art History Museum and the Natural History Museum opposite the Hofburg , his design was not used in the 1860s. Instead of the two buildings requested on the sides of Maria-Theresien-Platz , he proposed a massive, central building block, which the Emperor rejected.
From 1869 to 1873 the building (unhistorically) called Palais Hansen (hotel, later an official building, now a hotel again) was built on the Schottenring according to Hansen's plans. From 1873 to 1877 the building of the Vienna Stock Exchange was built according to his plans, also on Schottenring .
His best-known work was the Reichsratsgebäude (Parliament), which opened in 1883 and was built in the style of an Attic temple and thus refers to the Greek beginnings of democracy .
The building of the Wiener Musikverein , built by him and opened in 1870, has one of the best concert halls in the world, the so-called Golden Hall . Its much-admired acoustics are still often imitated in concert buildings today.
Hansen preferred to work with the sculptor Vincenz Pilz and the painter Carl Rahl , and the young Otto Wagner and Hans Wilhelm Auer were among his collaborators.
Honors, commemorations
In 1863 Hansen was made an honorary citizen of the city of Vienna. In 1867 Emperor Franz Joseph I raised him to the knighthood. In 1868 he was appointed professor at the academy (until 1883) and in 1884 he was elevated to the status of Austrian baron by the emperor . Hansen was an important and valued teacher. During his lifetime , the "Hansen Club" was founded in 1886 by his admiring students and disciples, including Otto Wagner and Louis von Giacomelli , which existed until 1917.
After his death in 1891 he was buried in the Matzleinsdorf Evangelical Cemetery and in 1895 reburied in a grave of honor in the Vienna Central Cemetery (group 14A, number 20). The tombstone comes from George Niemann and was modeled on that of Franz Schubert . (The grave monument of Schubert comes from Hansen.)
In 1894 the Viennese city administration in the 1st district renamed the street immediately behind the Palais Epstein, built by Hansen next to the parliament, to Hansenstrasse ; Hansen had died in 1891 in house number 3 on this street.
In 1905 a bronze bust by Hansen by Hugo Haerdtl was unveiled at the portico of Parliament .
The then still independent municipality of Mauer bei Wien , today part of the 23rd district , named Theophil-Hansen-Gasse in 1928 , which is still called that today.
Works
(sorted by year of completion; today's addresses)
- Cathedral of the Annunciation , Athens, 1842
- Athens Observatory , 1843–46 (?)
- Palais Klein , Brno , 1847–1848 (together with Ludwig Förster )
- University of Athens , 1839–49 (first building of the later " Athens Trilogy ")
- Jägerhaus (hunting administration of Bad Vöslau Castle ), Roseggerstraße 19, 1851 (together with Ludwig Förster)
- Kk Hof-Waffenmuseum, today the Army History Museum , in the Arsenal , Vienna 3. , 1852–1856
- Academy of Athens , from 1856
- Patras City Hospital , 1857
- Evangelical Christ Church on the Matzleinsdorfer Friedhof , Vienna 10. , 1858
- Holy Trinity Greek Church , Vienna 1., Fleischmarkt , 1856–1860 (renovation)
- Protestant Schools, Vienna 4th , Karlsplatz 14, 1861
- Heinrichhof , Vienna 1., Opernring , 1861/62 (demolished as a bomb ruin in 1954)
- Hotel Grande Bretagne , Athens, 1862 (ex Palais Dimitriou)
- Kk military house for invalids, Lemberg , Galicia , 1854–1863, today the University of Civil Protection
- Palais Todesco , Vienna 1., Kärntner Straße 51 (interior design), Vienna, 1861–1864
- St. Anna Regional Hospital , Brno , 1864–1868
- Palais Erzherzog Wilhelm (today the seat of the OPEC Fund), Vienna 1., Parkring , 1864–1868
- Musikverein , Vienna 1., Musikvereinsplatz, 1864–1870
- Palais Epstein , Vienna 1., Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring , 1868–1872
- Palais Ephrussi , Vienna 1., Universitätsring , 1872/73
- " Palais Hansen ", Vienna 1., Schottenring 20–26, 1869–1873 (1873 hotel, later official building, since 2012 Kempinski hotel; name not historical)
- Czech Club House ( Besední dům ), Brno , 1871–1873 (today Brno Philharmonic)
- Rappoltenkirchen Castle (reconstruction), Sieghartskirchen , Lower Austria, 1870–1874
- Pražák Palace , Brno , 1872–1874, today the Museum of Applied Arts
- Academy of Fine Arts , Vienna 1., Schillerplatz , 1869–1876
- Former Vienna Stock Exchange , 1., Schottenring , 1874–1877 (with Carl Tietz )
- Villa Welzl in Ternitz , Lower Austria, 1879
- Hernstein Castle , Lower Austria , 1856–1880
- Villa Nadelburg for the industrialist family Mohr and Hainisch, Lichtenwörth near Wiener Neustadt , 1880–1882
- Reichsratsgebäude (Parliament), Vienna 1., Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring 3, 1871–1883
- Rudolf-Hof, Vienna 9. , Hörlgasse 15 (on behalf of the Association for the Construction of Family Houses for Imperial and Royal Civil Servants, named after Crown Prince Rudolf ), 1860–1883
- Zappeion , Athens, 1874–1888
- New Evangelical Church, Kežmarok (Käsmark), Slovakia , 1879–1892
- Achilleion , Corfu (1880s: architectural drawings; commissioned by other architects)
Without construction data:
- Villa in Pressbaum , Lower Austria
The Zappeion in Athens
Palais Epstein (neighbor of the parliament building), front partly covered by avenue trees
" Palais Hansen " (luxury hotel of the Kempinski Group )
Former Vienna stock exchange building , today a luxury office building (with Carl Tietz )
Villa Schloss Nadelburg , known for the kk priv. Nadelburg brass and metal goods factory in Lichtenwörth
Army History Museum in the Arsenal , central building
Palais Ephrussi , Universitätsring
literature
- Constantin von Wurzbach : Hansen, Theophil . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 7th part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1861, pp. 330–332 ( digitized version ).
- George Niemann (ed.), Ferdinand von Feldegg: Theophilus Hansen and his works . A. Schroll & Co., Vienna 1893.
- Julius Leisching: Hansen, Theophilos Edvard Freiherr von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 49, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1904, pp. 762-766.
- Hansen Theophil Edvard Frh. Von. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 2, Publishing House of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 1959, p. 181 f. (Direct links on p. 181 , p. 182 ).
- Alice Strobl: The Imperial and Royal Arms Museum in the Arsenal. The building and its artistic decoration. In: Writings of the Army History Museum in Vienna. published by the management. Graz / Cologne 1961.
- Manfred Leithe-Jasper: Hansen, Theophilos Edvard Freiherr von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 7, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1966, ISBN 3-428-00188-5 , p. 634 f. ( Digitized version ).
- Renate Wagner-Rieger, Mara Reissberger: Theophil von Hansen . (= The Vienna Ringstrasse VIII. Volume 4). Steiner, Wiesbaden 1980, ISBN 3-515-02676-2 .
- Robert Bachtrögl: The Nadelburg - History from 1747 . 2010, p. 77ff.
- Adolf Stiller (ed.): Theophil Hansen - Classic elegance in everyday life . Müry Salzmann, Salzburg / Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-99014-076-5 .
- Andreas Pittler , Hermann Schnell: The builder of parliament - Theophil Hansen (1813-1891). Edition Winkler-Hermaden, Vienna 2013, ISBN 978-3-9503611-0-0 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Theophil von Hansen in the catalog of the German National Library
- Entry on Theophil von Hansen in the Austria Forum (in the AEIOU Austria Lexicon )
- Theophil Hansen. In: Architects Lexicon Vienna 1770–1945. Published by the Architekturzentrum Wien . Vienna 2007.
- Entry on Theophil von Hansen in the database of the state's memory of the history of Lower Austria ( Museum Niederösterreich )
- Theophilos Hansen: Musikverein building in Vienna . [Vienna] [1867?], With 7 plates
- Richard Kurdiovsky: Theophil Hansen - big player in the Viennese construction business . - Biography of the month on the homepage of the Austrian Biographical Lexicon (February 2016) .
Individual evidence
- ^ Wolf Seidl: Bavaria in Greece. P. 237 (via Google Books)
- ↑ books.google.de
- ↑ (obituary): Marie Hansen. In: Der Architekt , born 1895, p. 20, below. (Online at ANNO ).
- ^ Resignation , Centralblatt der Bauverwaltung , January 27, 1883, p. 38, accessed on December 16, 2012.
- ^ Theophil Hansen's grave monument in the Central Cemetery. In: The Architect , born in 1895, p. 39, top left. (Online at ANNO ). .
- ^ Ro Raftl: Wilhelminian style villa: Who owns ... In: trend.at. October 22, 2007, accessed December 29, 2015 .
- ^ Message on the website of the district gazette of February 2, 2012
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Hansen, Theophil von |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Hansen, Theophil Edvard Freiherr von |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Danish-Austrian architect of historicism |
DATE OF BIRTH | July 13, 1813 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Copenhagen |
DATE OF DEATH | February 17, 1891 |
Place of death | Vienna |