Attack in Hanau 2020

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In the attacks in Hanau on February 19, 2020, ten people were murdered in the Hessian city ​​of Hanau . The perpetrator shot nine people in and in front of two hookah bars and on the way between the two places. He later shot his mother and himself in his parents' apartment. On suspicion of terrorism , the Federal Public Prosecutor took the investigation, as there were "serious indications of a racist background".

Sequence of events

Map of the attack targets in Hanau

At around 10 p.m., the perpetrator fired several shots on the street, in a kiosk and in front of and in hookah bars in downtown Hanau and in the Kesselstadt district of Hanau . A total of nine people were killed and six others injured, including one seriously.

According to a report by the Public Prosecutor General Peter Frank before the Interior Committee of the Bundestag , the assassin first shot a person in the street at 9:58 p.m. A police patrol appeared at the first crime scene at 10:03 p.m. While escaping he killed a second person before continuing to Shishabar Midnight and fired four shots through the door; one victim died. On the way on, he killed another person. He shot four people in the anteroom of a kiosk. Another person was killed and several injured in the neighboring Arena Bar . The total duration of the crime was about twelve minutes. His motor vehicle was at his parents' place of residence at 10:10 p.m. and was found at 11:10 p.m. by testimony and video recordings, whereupon a police patrol rang the doorbell there, initially unsuccessfully. A special task force (SEK) broke into the apartment at 3:03 a.m. after being observed by a drone and found the perpetrator and his mother dead. In addition to three weapons, 350 pieces of ammunition were found in a backpack.

Investigations

The police received information from eyewitnesses about a fleeing vehicle that was determined after a major manhunt in the Kesselstadt district. When the SEK stormed his home, the perpetrator was found dead. The body of his 72-year-old mother was also found there. Both bodies had gunshot wounds. The physically unharmed father of the assassin was also found in the apartment. A pamphlet and a video were also found during the investigation .

On the night of February 20, 2020, the Federal Prosecutor at the Federal Court of Justice took over the investigation on suspicion of terrorism. According to media reports, the reason for this was that the letter of confession should indicate a xenophobic and xenophobic motivation. Like the video, it was still evaluated.

The Hessian Interior Minister Peter Beuth confirmed in the state parliament on February 20, 2020 that the first results of the investigation indicated a xenophobic motive. The perpetrator was not known to the State Office for the Protection of the Constitution in Hesse , nor was the police suspicious until the act. So far there have been no indications of possible accomplices or supporters, but the FBI is awaiting information about possible contacts of the perpetrator during his trip to the United States in November 2018.

In March 2020, Georg Mascolo and Florian Flade reported on Tagesschau.de and in the Süddeutsche Zeitung that the Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) assumed in its draft final report that the perpetrator “had committed a racist act, but was not a supporter of a right-wing extremist ideology ". Rather, he wanted to get “the greatest possible attention for his conspiracy myth of surveillance by a secret service”. Surveys of neighbors, acquaintances and former colleagues did not reveal any evidence that he dealt with right-wing ideology, right-wing terrorists or their actions, or that he had "experienced typical right-wing extremist radicalization". He was never noticed by racist remarks or behavior, but rather helped a dark-skinned neighbor several times. In his pamphlet it can be assumed that he “added the chapter on foreigners and his fantasies of annihilation late”. A few days later, BKA President Holger Münch contradicted the Tagesschau report: “The BKA assesses the act as clearly right-wing extremist. The commission was based on racist motives ”. There is no final report so far, the investigations continue.

Victim

Commemoration for the victims at one of the crime scenes at the " Heumarkt " (2020)

The perpetrator shot and killed eight men and one woman with a migrant background who were between 20 and 37 years old, as well as his 72-year-old mother and himself. Five victims (including the perpetrator's mother) had German citizenship , one of whom was also Afghan . Two victims were Turkish , one each of Bosnian , Bulgarian and Romanian citizenship . At least two of the victims belonged to the Kurdish community . According to the Roma Antidiscrimination Network, Roma were also among those killed. Mercedes Kierpacz was "German Romni with Polish roots" and Vili Viorel Păun was "Romanian Rome". Furthermore, according to the LKA Hessen, there were five injured, two of them with German and Turkish citizenship and one with German-Afghan citizenship.

In total, ten people were killed as a result of the crime in addition to the alleged perpetrator:

  • The 23-year-old Ferhat Unvar was born and raised in Germany to Kurdish parents. He had just completed his apprenticeship as a gas and water plumber and often met up with friends in the Arena Bar.
  • 35-year-old Mercedes Kierpacz was a German citizen and a member of the Roma national minority . She had worked in the Arena Bar on the evening of the crime and leaves behind two children, according to some media reports, she was pregnant with a third child.
  • The 30-year-old Sedat Gürbüz was the owner of the Shishabar Midnight . He leaves a brother.
  • 37-year-old Gökhan Gültekin was born in Hanau, and his Kurdish family from Ağrı had lived in Hanau since 1968. He was a trained bricklayer and worked part-time as a waiter.
  • The family of 20-year-old Hamza Kurtović, who was shot while waiting for his friend at the Arena Bar, came from Prijedor , Bosnia and Herzegovina. His father as well as his two brothers and his sister were born in Germany. Kurtović had just finished his training and lived near the perpetrator.
  • The 33-year-old Bulgarian Kaloyan Velkov had lived in Germany for two years, according to the Bulgarian Foreign Ministry, and was the host of the La Votre bar next to the Shishabar Midnight . He leaves a young son.
  • The 23-year-old Romanian Vili Viorel Păun came to Germany at the age of 16 to earn money for medical treatment for his mother. He worked for a courier company. He was Rome and his parents' only child.
  • Said Nesar Hashemi, 21, was a German-Afghan with dual citizenship and grew up in Hanau. He was a trained machine and plant operator . His 23-year-old brother survived seriously injured.
  • The 34-year-old Fatih Saraçoğlu moved from Regensburg to Hanau three years ago , and he too died in the Shishabar Midnight .
  • The 72-year-old Gabriele Rathjen was the mother of the perpetrator and housewife.

Perpetrator

Career

The perpetrator, Tobias Rathjen, was born in Hanau in 1977. In the 1980s he played soccer at Eintracht Frankfurt . After graduating from high school in Hanau in 1996 and doing community service, he completed vocational training as a banker in Frankfurt am Main. In 2000 he began studying business administration at the University of Bayreuth, which he graduated with a diploma in 2007. From 2008 to 2011 he temporarily worked in Trier as a customer advisor. From 2013 to 2018 he lived and worked in Munich. Most recently he was unemployed and lived with his parents in Hanau.

He was a marksman at clubs in Frankfurt am Main and Munich and the legal owner of three pistols. At the time of the crime, he was in possession of several handguns. He had had a gun ownership card since summer 2013 . The Main-Kinzig-Kreis had checked the reliability as a marksman in 2019.

According to the police, he had not appeared in criminal acts before the crime. In 2002 and 2004 he filed criminal charges with the Bayreuth police for "illegal surveillance", and in 2019 he filed further charges with the public prosecutor in Hanau. At the beginning of November 2019 he had turned to the Attorney General Peter Frank with his conspiracy theories in a "criminal complaint against an unknown secret service organization" .

Pamphlet and video

Before his attack, the perpetrator wrote a pamphlet entitled “Message to the entire German people”, which he distributed on the Internet. In it he wrote about his life, his racist, Islamophobic , anti-Semitic worldview, shaped by various conspiracy theories, and called for violent struggle and the annihilation of the population of entire states. According to an analysis of the time , parts of the document suggest a far-right view of the world. The Tagesspiegel compared its confessional text with the mentality of Reich citizens : " Paranoia meets megalomania ." This is a dangerous combination, enriched by narcissistic insults of the perpetrator, which often legitimizes violence among right-wing extremists. Rathjen also shared and adopted well-known narratives of right-wing populism , for example by distinguishing “thoroughbred” Germans from “passport Germans”. Right-wing extremism researcher Matthias Quent pointed out the similarity between these statements and the ideology of leading AfD representatives.

Also on anti-feminist and misogynistic motives in his worldview was pointed. The pamphlet, for example, has a section entitled “Women”. According to media reports, the “extreme ambition” expressed as a misogynous motive connects him with the self-declarations of right-wing extremist assassins, for example in the terrorist attack on two mosques in Christchurch and in the attacks in Halle , El Paso and Dayton .

A few days before the crime, the perpetrator posted a video on YouTube that was aimed at the American people. It was apparently taken in a private apartment and contained a "personal message to all Americans" in English. In it he spreads conspiracy theories and appeals to US citizens to wake up and fight against these conditions. He did not refer to an impending act of violence in Germany. The contents of the pamphlet and the video are partly interpreted by observers as an indication of a mental illness of the perpetrator, possibly schizophrenia . This is what BKA President Holger Münch and forensic psychiatrist Nahlah Saimeh suspect . The criminologist Britta Bannenberg assigns his “delusional ideas” to paranoid schizophrenia . The right-wing extremist attitude of the perpetrator is not in contradiction to this mental illness, which she regards as the cause of the acts. The extreme right-wing attitudes have influenced the type of radicalization , the nature of the act and the selection of victims. According to investigators, the perpetrator was given psychiatric treatment once in 2002. The investigating federal prosecutor commissioned a psychiatric report.

Reactions

politics and society

Mourning flags after the attack in Hanau in front of the Munich Maximilianeum (2020)

On the evening of February 20, vigils were held in Hanau and many other cities . Federal Interior Minister Horst Seehofer ordered mourning flags for all public buildings .

Politicians from all parties in the Bundestag expressed their horror and condolences. Like Angela Merkel , Frank Walter Steinmeier and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres and the President of the European Parliament David Sassoli expressed their condolences to the families of the victims. While the representatives of most of the parties in the Bundestag condemned the alleged racist background of the acts, representatives of the AfD did not recognize a politically motivated background in the act, but a psychological disorder of the perpetrator. According to the Braunschweiger Zeitung , such a pathologization of the perpetrator is a trivialization of the act. Conspiracy ideologies are "not just crazy fantasies", but "part of the process of radicalization". The party wants to "avoid this debate".

Josef Schuster , President of the Central Council of Jews in Germany , stated that it was "to be assumed that the perpetrator consciously wanted to meet people with a migration background". The danger of right-wing violent criminals has been played down for too long. He accused the police and the judiciary of having “poor eyesight in the right eye”.

The chairman of the Central Council of Muslims in Germany, Aiman ​​Mazyek , said that right-wing extremist terrorists "felt encouraged to do such acts by the decades of inaction by politics and security agencies to protect German Muslims and minorities". Muslim places of worship and representatives of the religious community should also be better protected. At the same time he called on the Muslims to take their own protective measures.

The chairman of the Central Council of German Sinti and Roma , Romani Rose , said: “The Central Council and all Sinti and Roma in Germany mourn along with their relatives for the murdered young woman, the mother of two children. We mourn for them and for all the victims of this right-wing terrorist attack. "The attack shows in a brutal way how far the inhibition threshold among right-wing extremists and racists has sunk, also because the established parties are giving the AfD more and more space and thus the demarcation the extremists will also be undermined within the AfD.

The Kurdish community in Germany also expressed its dismay and demanded not to be afraid and to show one's colors. According to the Kurdish umbrella organization in Germany KON-MED (Confederation of the Communities of Kurdistan in Germany), the political leaders did not oppose right-wing networks and right-wing terrorism decisively.

The attack led to a renewed debate about gun law in Germany . While the President of the Federation of German Criminal Investigators, Sebastian Fiedler , advocated a wait-and-see attitude, Alliance 90 / The Greens advocated tightening the situation. The Federal Minister of the Interior Horst Seehofer announced an examination, while the German Schützenbund rejects stricter regulations. The foundation against violence in schools - which emerged after the rampage in Winnenden - also spoke out in favor of regular checks on gun owners and the consolidation of the findings in the authorities. Roman Grafe repeated the demand of his initiative No murder weapons as sporting weapons! in the NDR : “The risk of sporting weapons cannot be regulated. The only thing that helps is to ban these weapons. ”According to its own account, the initiative documented more than 270 victims and was also founded after the Winnenden rampage.

After the fact, conspiracy theories regarding the alleged "truth about Hanau" were spread on various social media , according to the claim that it was a "secret service operation" with the aim of harming the AfD. The right-wing populist magazine Compact by Jürgen Elsässer announced in a YouTube video that a “gang war” was in the air with “the Russians from Frankfurt am Main” before the murders.

The NdM chairwoman Sheila Mysorekar made the Alternative for Germany (AfD) jointly responsible for the attack. The AfD Hessen had explicitly hounded against hookah bars with its Internet memes for several weeks and associated them with “ foreign crime ”.

On March 4, 2020, a central memorial service took place in the congress center with bereaved families and political celebrities; Federal President Steinmeier and Chancellor Merkel took part. The event was broadcast on large screens in two places in the city center. The city of Hanau is planning a memorial in the main cemetery for the victims of the attack.

On the same day, a letter from Serpil Temiz, the mother of Ferhat Unvar, to Chancellor Merkel became public. In it, she demands a full investigation of the crime, the avoidance of the same mistakes as after the NSU series of murders , an official contact person and lifelong support for the families of the victims. In addition, a state-sponsored foundation is needed to educate people against hatred and racism. Temiz continues to demand that the names of the Hanau victims should never be forgotten; they should be learned in school and readable on the streets.

Political science

The terrorism expert at King's College London, Peter R. Neumann , saw in the perpetrator's pamphlet a "pattern of socially isolated men who put together an ideology for themselves from various elements on the Internet." The man clearly adhered to a right-wing extremist ideology and the text was also wise indicated that the perpetrator was significantly mentally disturbed. He pointed out that there had been frequent similar cases of politically motivated acts in the past and that many perpetrators had been “active in virtual subcultures”. In such subcultures, the security authorities would have to “be much more active and monitor and infiltrate these online forums”. What is already happening in the area of jihadism must also be implemented in the area of right-wing extremism . The Internet is still too little "understood as a place where extremists network." Regarding the lone wolf thesis , the political scientist said that in most cases it later turned out that there was a social environment with which people communicated.

Right-wing extremism researcher Jan Rathje stated that the perpetrators' goal is to encourage imitators through their videos and manifestos. The pressure of repression on right-wing extremism must be increased. In some parties, however, "against every form of extremism" is fought. This “relativizes the real threat posed by right-wing extremism”.

The political scientist Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck called right-wing agitation and Björn Höcke's call for political overthrow as a “license for attacks”.

Right-wing extremism researcher Hajo Funke also referred to Höcke's statements such as his appeal for a "policy of well-tempered cruelty". This is how you create “the milieu, the willingness, the atmosphere” and “the unleashing of resentments”. "For decades and well into the attempts to come to terms with the NSU, " the BKA and the Office for the Protection of the Constitution "tend to suppress" what came from the right. On the part of the security authorities, however, there are now “more and more intensified, preventive reactions”.

According to the sociologist Sebastian Wehrhahn , the perpetrator's “classic racist worldview” is “by no means only important for the extreme right”, but rather shows “many overlaps and points of contact with a socially widespread racism”. Confusion and racism are not mutually exclusive. The question also arises, "why in right-wing attacks the mental state of the perpetrator is offset against the ideological background".

The cultural critic Georg Seeßlen raised the question of how healthy or sick a society is that produces such perpetrators. He wrote: “The perpetrators really do what swaggering about has long been allowed, used and accepted.” Seeßlen drew an analogy between right-wing extremism and a drug and pointed out several parallels for this, including: “The euphoric, the strong -and-invincible-feeling, [...] the sequence of intoxication and withdrawal that leads to the need to increase the dose ”. At the same time, he emphasized that this would not change the personal responsibility of the perpetrators, their helpers and their instigators.

Conspiracy theories expert Michael Butter pointed out that the perpetrator's manifesto and videos made no references to the most popular conspiracy theories currently circulating among right-wing extremists. One could speak of a kind of private conspiracy theory when Tobias R. reports on the alleged secret service that eavesdrop on his thoughts. The idea of ​​a private conspiracy theory is absurd, however, because conspiracy theories are precisely characterized by the fact that they are socially shared and believed by more than one person. That is a criterion with which one usually delimits them from paranoid delusions.

Safety measures

After the crime in Hanau, Muslim associations demanded protection and solidarity. In response to the attack, Federal Interior Minister Horst Seehofer wants to strengthen security precautions in Germany. The North Rhine-Westphalian state government increased security measures for Muslims. North Rhine-Westphalia's Interior Minister Herbert Reul said that the police were on patrol, where mainly Muslim fellow citizens were staying, and specifically named the 900 mosques nationwide; protection of Muslims is increased during Friday prayers .

Web links

Individual evidence

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    Georg Mascolo, Florian Flade: Attack in Hanau: Dangerous messages , Süddeutsche Zeitung, March 28, 2020.
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