USS Intrepid (CV-11)

The USS Intrepid on its commissioning day
Overview
Shipyard	Newport News Shipbuilding
Order	1940
Keel laying	December 1, 1941
Launch	April 26, 1943
1. Period of service
period of service	16 Aug 1943 - 22 March 1947 9 Feb 1952 - 15 March 1974
Whereabouts	Museum ship
Technical specifications
Data at the time of commissioning
displacement	27,100 ts
length	265.8 m
width	28.4 m (waterline) 45 m (flight deck)
Draft	8.8 m
crew	2,600 men
drive	8 boilers, 4 turbines, 4 screws, 150,000 hp
speed	33 knots
Range	16,900 NM at 15 kn
Armament	4 × 127mm twin towers 4 × 127 mm single guns 8 × 40 mm quad flak 46 × 20 mm MK
Planes	80-100

The USS Intrepid (CV-11) (English. Undaunted fearless / ), also The Fighting I and later The Tough Old Lady called, is a US aircraft carrier of the Essex class .

The Intrepid was deployed in the Pacific Ocean during World War II and during the Vietnam War . Furthermore, it was a major salvage carrier in Mercury and Gemini program of NASA . Since 1982 she has been anchored as a museum ship in New York City harbor under the name Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum .

The USS Intrepid was the aircraft carrier that received the most hits in the Pacific War . It was known to the Japanese as a ghost ship , as they often considered it sunk, badly damaged or decommissioned.

history

The keel laying of the Intrepid took place on December 1, 1941 in Newport News , Virginia , at the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company , launched on April 26, 1943. The delivery to the United States Navy took place on August 16, 1943. On this Day also landed the first aircraft on deck, piloted by Commander Jackson. After an inspection by a Vice Admiral of the US Navy on October 2, Flight Group 8 reported for duty on October 7.

Under Captain Thomas L. Sprague , the Intrepid set course for the Caribbean on the same day . On October 12, she anchored in the Gulf of Pariah off Trinidad . The first strategic combat exercises at sea took place in the following five days . In particular, the quick successive take-off and landing of the combat aircraft as well as their armament was an important part of the exercise. The porter returned to the United States via Port of Spain , where it moored at Hampton Roads on November 19 . Flight group 8 left the Intrepid there and the ship carried out another test drive until November 28th.

In early December, the ship was assigned to Fast Carrier Group 8 (CVG-8) and took ammunition , water and provisions on board in Norfolk . With flight group 8 returned on board, it went through the Panama Canal into the Pacific Ocean. On December 9th, the porter tore a small leak in the hull while crossing the canal, which was temporarily repaired in Balboa . For complete recovery in dry dock , the Intrepid set course for the naval port in San Francisco , which was reached on December 22nd.

Pacific War

After the Intrepid reached Pearl Harbor , Flight Group 8 transferred to the naval air base in Maui . For this, Flight Group 6 came on board under Commander John L. Phillips. From January 12 to 14, 1944, the carrier undertook maneuvering drives with the new flight group off Hawaii.

Marshall Islands

The USS Intrepid had its first war mission as part of Operation Flintlock , the battle for the Marshall Island of Kwajalein . To this end, she was assigned to CVG-6 on January 16, 1944, which belonged to Task Group 58.2 . Together with the Essex , the light carrier Cabot , the battleships North Carolina , South Dakota and Alabama as well as two destroyer divisions , she prepared the landings of the Marines on the Kwajalein Atoll. On January 29, their planes flew attacks on Roi-Namur for most of the day , which continued until February 2. The porter anchored on February 4 in the recently conquered Majuro Atoll lagoon , about 430 kilometers southeast of Kwajalein.

From mid-February, the Intrepid took part with her fighter planes and eight other aircraft carriers in Operation Hailstone , the bombing of the strategically important Japanese base on the Truk Atoll in the Caroline Islands . On the night of February 17, Japanese torpedo bombers attacked the Americans, and a torpedo dropped hit the port's port quarters below the waterline. The steering gear was also damaged. The rudder could no longer be moved from the port position. Despite the damage, Captain Sprague managed to keep the Intrepid on course. She was taken out of the fighting and headed for Pearl Harbor. In strong winds, the porter turned on a westerly course again and again on the following days. Sprague said:

“She [the ship] was like a giant pendulum, swinging back and forth. She had a tendency to weather-cock into the wind […] turned her bow toward Tokyo. But right then I wasn't interested in going that direction. "

“She [the ship] was like a giant pendulum that swung back and forth. She had the tendency to turn into the wind like a weathercock [...] turned her bow in the direction of Tokyo. But at that point I wasn't interested in going in that direction. "

Using on-board resources, the crew tied a sail that was installed on the foredeck up to the hangar deck . All aircraft were placed on the front end of the flight deck in order to offer the highest possible wind resistance. All other loads came to the stern below deck. Together with the two destroyers Stephen Potter and Stembel , who were escorting them , the Intrepid reached Pearl Harbor on February 24 and was repaired there by March 16. Then she ran to the naval port in San Francisco, where she was made fully seaworthy and combat-ready again. On May 30th, Captain Joseph Francis Bolger took command of the carrier, who returned to Pearl Harbor in June 1944 and took flight group 19 on board, which was to be brought to Eniwetok . Together with two destroyers, she formed Taskforce TF 19.7, which reached the Marshall Islands on July 4. After Flight Group 19 disembarked, the Intrepid took on hundreds of soldiers, sailors and marines, many of whom were wounded and were receiving first aid on board.

Back in Pearl Harbor, the crew was given shore leave in Hawaii for almost a month . It was not until July 27 that the team had to return to deck in full dress uniform when US President Roosevelt visited Oahu.

Together with the aircraft carriers Enterprise and Independence , the Intrepid formed the task group TG 12.3.2 under Rear Admiral Francis S. Low , with which it set course for Eniwetok on August 16. The aircraft of flight group 18 were on their flight deck. After the island had been reached on August 24, the high command disbanded the task force. The following day, the Intrepid lifted anchor again and took part in a maneuver of TG 58.2. Particular attention was paid to exercises with the on-board guns until the carrier anchored off Eniwetok again in the evening.

Philippine Sea

On August 29, 1944, the USS Intrepid was assigned to TG 38.2. The Deputy Naval Secretary for Aviation and his staff came aboard on September 4 to discuss future operations with the current carrier in command, Captain Joseph F. Bolger, over a meal. Two days later the Intrepid began its second mission to the Pacific front . The fighter planes of Flight Group 18 flew heavy air strikes against the Japanese-occupied Palau Islands. The main targets were the airfields , anti-aircraft guns and coastal batteries of the Japanese in preparation for the American landings on the islands, which began on September 15. The Intrepid had already left the area with the task force and their planes flew on September 9th and 10th against Japanese air bases on the large Philippines-South Island Mindanao , which could provide support for the defense of the Palau Islands. On the following days, smaller airfields on islands in the Visayan Sea were the targets.

The Intrepid in the Philippine Sea in November 1944

Task Force TG 38.2 was disbanded on September 17th and the Intrepid aircraft flew missions to support the landing forces on Peleliu (→ Battle of Peleliu ). When air support was no longer necessary there, the American attacks concentrated again on the Philippines. On September 21 and 22, the Intrepid fighter planes attacked Japanese-occupied Manila for the first time . Japanese facilities on Luzon were also under heavy fire. When reconnaissance aircraft reported a large concentration of Japanese fleets, especially tankers , off Coron, southwest of Mindoro , the commander of the TG 38.2 ships, which were now operating together again, decided to attack this very important target with the carrier aircraft. Intrepid's planes were involved in the sinking of five ships and the serious damage to three others.

After a short stopover for reloading and refueling on the captured island of Saipan on September 28, the Intrepid set course for Ulithi , which it reached on October 1. In the meantime, the commander of Einsatzgruppe TG 38.2 had switched to the carrier, which now served as his flagship . Two days later, an emerging typhoon forced the Intrepid to flee from her anchorage in the atoll. The aircraft carrier managed to avoid the tropical storm in the following days with only slight damage and to continue the attacks on Japanese bases in the Philippines. This time they took place further north. The entire TF 38 surprised the Japanese on October 10th with its sudden appearance south of Okinawa , which they bombed the next day. After a short sea refueling, the next target of the fighter planes of flight group 18 was Formosa , where the seaplane base there near Tansui and the airfield near Shinchiku were under fire from October 12th to 14th. Task Force TG 38.2 then turned back to targets on Luzon.

The American landings on Leyte began on October 17th, and the Japanese defense plan for the Philippines (→ Sho No. 1 ) came into force. The Intrepid units took part in the airspace defense over the invasion area from October 21st. Two days later, American submarines reported that large Japanese units were calling at. This was the prelude to the sea ​​and air battle in the Gulf of Leyte . The TG 38.2 began with a quick refueling of the ships and on October 24th its reconnaissance aircraft radioed the contact message with the Japanese northern fleet. Immediately all ships set course north to intercept the Japanese. Shortly before dusk on October 24, Admiral William F. Halsey , the commander in chief of TF 38, sent his warplanes north, which the Japanese located at Cape Engano and attacked. The main Japanese force, however, was heading south from the Sibuyan Sea through the San Bernardino Strait and attacked the escort aircraft carrier group of Rear Admiral Clifton Sprague off Samar , which was only covered by a few destroyers. The Intrepid and the other units of TG 38.2 rushed to the porters' aid with full power, which, however, did not arrive in time after three hours, as the Japanese ships had meanwhile turned off again in the San Bernardino Strait after a heavy fight and several losses ran back. The next day the carrier aircraft pursued the Japanese again and sank a cruiser .

Impact of the first kamikaze aircraft on November 25, 1944

The morning of the same day passed on board without enemy contact from the air until at 12:52 p.m. two approaching Japanese Zero fighters were reported from the stern of the USS Intrepid at an altitude of around 1.2 km and a distance of around 13 km. Since there were many of their own machines in the air, the gunner had to watch the aircraft closely until they opened fire. Therefore a battery from the carrier did not begin to fire at the left fighter until a minute later. It exploded just above the water at a distance of 1.3 km astern. With a Hellcat and an Avenger operating in the same direction , Captain Bolger ordered the fire to cease. The starboard gunners, however, continued to fire and were able to shoot down another low-flying Japanese machine. The second of the originally sighted fighters approached the stern at low level, dodged a Hellcat and dived through the hail of missiles from the stern's anti-aircraft guns, which were still firing incessantly. Then she went one kilometer distance in a covered climb that brought them to about 150 m height, slumped over a wing and crashed at 12:55 on the flight deck of the Intrepid . Their bomb penetrated the weakly armored flight deck and exploded in the pilots' lounge, which was unoccupied at the time. Nevertheless, a total of 32 men of the aircraft carrier were killed on deck and in the vicinity of the location of the bomb.

The burning Intrepid photographed from the battleship USS New Jersey

The commander in chief immediately ordered the task force to turn to the right so that the burning fuel on the deck of the Intrepid could flow off via the port side and not encroach on the critical systems such as the starboard bridge. The fire teams were working in the midst of exploding ammunition when they began to fight the fire. Only three minutes after the impact, the men spotted two more Zeros in the gun posts, which were approaching 100 m above the water. The dense smoke from the burning deck, moving precisely in this direction, largely blocked the view of the gunners on the starboard side. The port gunners managed to shoot down the first machine 1.3 km away, but the second dived under the projectiles with quick right and left pans. The pilot then pulled the machine up, tilted over one wing and crashed onto the flight deck at 12:59 p.m. The bomb he was carrying exploded in the hangar deck.

Burial at sea of ​​the crew members killed on November 26, 1944

The extinguishing work lasted more than three hours, then the fires were under control. The aircraft of flight group 18 in the air were diverted to other carriers or had to land on Leyte . In addition to the two Japanese pilots, a total of six officers and 59 other men were killed in the first Tokkōtai attack on an American aircraft carrier. The Intrepid was extremely badly damaged and had to return to Ulithi on November 26th, where Admiral Halsey personally inspected the damage on November 30th. Flight Group 18 landed on Ulithi airfield on the same day, but was disbanded on December 2nd.

With a destroyer escort, the USS Intrepid went to Pearl Harbor for emergency repairs, which was only the stopover for the arrival at Hunter's Point in San Francisco on December 20. The dry dock stay to equip with an almost new flight deck and the other repairs lasted until February 1945. The test drives from February 11th were still undertaken under the command of Captain Bolger, but then on February 15th by Captain Giles E. Short was replaced. The newly formed flight group 10 landed on board the following day and reported ready for action. After the necessary maneuvers, the Intrepid also took fighters from Combat Squadron 86 on board and transported them to Oahu. A carrier fleet was put together there, which in addition to the Intrepid , Franklin and Bataan also included the great cruiser Guam and eight destroyers. On March 13, the ships reached Ulithi, where the Intrepid was assigned to Task Force TG 58.4.

Okinawa

The deployment order reached the aircraft carrier the following day. The goal was in an area east of the Japanese island of Okinawa and was reached on March 18, 1945. From there the aircraft carriers started their flight groups, which flew heavy attacks against airfields on Kyushu . All radar posts on the ships were manned as the Americans feared reprisals from the Japanese. Around 7:30 am, they reported the first unidentified aircraft, called "bogies" by the soldiers, which were approaching the task force.

Half an hour later - the machines had meanwhile been identified as hostile - a single Betty broke away from the Japanese formation and began a dive through the defensive fire that had already started. She flew over one of the cover cruisers at a distance of 4.5 km from the USS Intrepid and began a glide flight onto the carrier at a height of about 120 m. Although all anti-aircraft guns fired incessantly, they only managed to shoot down the machine shortly before the impact. She fell into the sea just 25 m from the ship's side. Despite the burning fuel spurting on deck and debris flying around, no one was injured. There was only some minor damage to a few parked fighter jets. However, one of our own ships, firing from the port side at the Japanese bomber, stopped too close to the Intrepid and hit the carrier on the aft deck with its automatic cannons. A sailor was killed.

On March 19, the carrier's combat machines launched an attack on the remains of the Imperial Japanese Navy in front of Kure . Shortly thereafter, the fleet turned to the island of Okinawa and the surrounding Ryūkyū Islands . The Amami Islands and Minami were bombed, but no Japanese bases could be found there.

The Americans landed on Okinawa on April 1st (→ Battle of Okinawa ). The Intrepid and her task force were among the 1,213 ships that were involved. Together with the other launch vehicles, flight group 18 attacked the enemy positions on the island at a steady pace. To protect the landing troops, missions were also flown against Japanese airfields on Kyushu, Shikoku and southern Honshū . The seaplane base on the Sakishima Islands in the Nansei-shotō was also an important destination. The Japanese "kamikaze pilots" were a constant threat. Refueling the Intrepid took place under full combat conditions and often at full speed. A prolonged standstill of the ships would have left the Japanese too much time to prepare for a concentrated attack.

On April 7, a small escort fleet left the inland seas with Japan's last large sailing battleship, the Yamato , for Okinawa. The American reconnaissance planes sighted the ships, which were sailing completely without their own air cover, and informed the US carriers. The fighter planes were also started by the Intrepid to sink the Yamato and their escort ships, which they succeeded with eight bomb hits on the Yamato .

The burning Intrepid after the kamikaze impact of April 16, 1945. In the foreground a Fletcher-class destroyer passing by .

American ships were repeatedly exposed to kamikaze attacks in the weeks leading up to Okinawa. This was also the case on April 16, when several attempts at breakthrough were repulsed by the ship's artillery. In the early afternoon at 1:36 p.m., however, a Japanese machine managed to break through the defensive belt and pounce on the Intrepid , where it hit the flight deck. The attached bomb exploded in the hangar deck, creating a large hole there. Eight crew members and the Japanese pilot were killed, one person went missing and another 21 wounded. The fires that had broken out were extinguished in just 51 minutes. Repair work on the flight deck began immediately, so that the first aircraft could land again after about three hours. The carrier was then ordered from the combat area to the tank zone to examine the damage. Since it was determined that the USS Intrepid would only be able to intervene in the fighting with much reduced efficiency, she ran to Ulithi in order to be repaired there and then to run to the US west coast. At the dock in Hunter's Point, a large sign was emblazoned to motivate the workers:

“This Fighting Lady has a date in Tokyo. DON'T MAKE HER LATE! ”

The damage was repaired relatively quickly, and the Intrepid left the dock on June 29 . After a stop at Pearl Harbor and a few practice drives, the porter reached Eniwetok on August 7th.

On August 15, news of the Japanese surrender and the order to end all fighting reached the Intrepid crew on Eniwetok . In a newly formed combat group, the carrier ran into the waters east of the main Japanese islands. After stops in front of Okinawa, Jinsen in Korea and Taku in China, the Intrepid went to the Mariana Islands. As part of Operation Magic Carpet , she carried US soldiers back home. On December 15, she reached San Pedro near Los Angeles , California , where she anchored.

After the end of the war

The Intrepid in February 1955 shortly after the first conversion off Guantánamo Bay

Under Captain Robert E. Blick, the Intrepid ran to San Francisco, where it was assigned to the reserve fleet on August 15, 1946. The official decommissioning of the Pacific Reserve took place on March 22, 1947.

In February 1952, the Intrepid was briefly returned to service to go to Newport News, Virginia. During the next two years the carrier was part of the modernization program for the aircraft carriers of the Essex and Ticonderoga classes (→ SCB-27 ), which was carried out in the docks and quays there. As part of this renovation work, the ship got a stronger flight deck, a new bridge and the first steam catapult. Reclassified to CVA-11 , the carrier resumed service in June 1954.

After two trips to the Mediterranean in 1955 and 1956, modernization work (→ SCB-125 ) was resumed, this time in the New York Navy Yard . The bow of the girder was closed and a sloping deck was attached. The first trips again led to the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, where in 1957 she took part in the largest NATO exercise to date , Operation Strikeback .

With the new ID CVS-11 , which she now declared as an anti-submarine carrier, the Intrepid went into service from December 8, 1961.

First use as a NASA rescue vehicle

Astronaut Scott Carpenter aboard the Intrepid

After the training trips, during which the flight group newly arrived on board carried out 56 maneuvers, the US Navy, which provided the rescue ships for NASA for the Mercury program's space flights, set the USS Intrepid as the flagship of the rescue fleet for the one scheduled for May Mercury Atlas 7 flight. In addition, specially trained rescue units and the recently commissioned rescue helicopters of the type HSS-2 were on board.

On May 24, 1962, the scheduled flight day, the small fleet with the Intrepid as the lead ship was in the intended landing area in the Atlantic. At 7.45 a.m., the Atlas rocket launched with the Aurora 7 on top, in which astronaut Scott Carpenter sat. After 4 hours and 56 minutes , the capsule watered in the Atlantic, but missed the landing point by 460 kilometers, so that it was outside the radio range of the salvage fleet. Land-based search aircraft were able to make out the capsule after a while and notified the rescue units on board the Intrepid . Two helicopters with medical personnel, NASA officials, photographers and frogmen on board flew into the landing area shortly afterwards. Carpenter, who had meanwhile climbed into his life raft, was finally picked up after three hours and taken to the aircraft carrier.

Atlantic fleet

For the new task as an anti-submarine weapon, a third overhaul took place in Norfolk in autumn 1962. The porter was only able to leave the port facilities and set sail on January 23rd of the following year. The first maneuvers again took place in the Caribbean, but had to be canceled at the end of February. The US Navy ordered the carrier further south to a newly formed search fleet of the castro friendly , communist captors of FALN brought under their control, Venezuelan freighter SS Anzoátegui should detect and track. After the ship entered Brazilian territorial waters , the local navy took over the case. However, the kidnappers managed to get to the port of Belém , where they asked for political asylum .

In order to meet the requirements as an anti-submarine carrier, the Intrepid carried out maneuvers on the US east coast from April to early June. Then she brought midshipmen to the Mediterranean Sea to conduct a hunting exercise with the US 6th Fleet. The Intrepid helped them by monitoring a nearby Soviet combat group using radar. She then returned to the waters of the United States and, in early September, took 22 NATO heads of state on board to tour US military facilities.

On the night of November 21, the driver of an aircraft tractor went overboard on the flight deck while shunting and despite the quiet drive. Thanks to the well-trained security and rescue team, he was quickly rescued.

Second assignment as a NASA rescue vehicle

The Molly Brown is hoisted on board

In early 1965, the Intrepid's crew began preparing for their next rescue mission on behalf of NASA. In mid-March, the salvage fleet went to the intended waiting position in the Atlantic. On the morning of March 23, the first manned capsule of the Gemini program, Gemini 3 , took off into space from Cape Kennedy with astronauts Virgil "Gus" Grissom as commander and John Young as pilot on board . After three orbits of the earth and almost five hours of flight, the return capsule landed about 84 kilometers from the Intrepid due to an incorrect calculation . The rescue helicopter therefore took almost 30 minutes to arrive at the capsule's landing position and pick up the two astronauts. After these had been safely taken on board, the aircraft carrier set course for the position of the Molly Brown landing capsule in order to recover it as well.

After this mission, the Intrepid was ordered to the dry dock in the New York naval port, where she was given a general overhaul and brought up to date to achieve full combat strength (→ FRAM II ). When the work on the carrier was about 75% done, he left the dock and drove on the East River to the naval equipment station at Bayonne in New Jersey . There the work was finished and the Intrepid set course towards Cuba, where function tests were carried out in front of Guantánamo .

Vietnam War

The Intrepid with angled flight deck (1968)

In mid-1966, the US Navy assigned the Intrepid to the Pacific Fleet . The aircraft carrier drove three missions in the Vietnam War during this time . With the Light Combat Squadron 10 it was from April 4, 1966 to November 21, 1966, from May 11, 1967 to December 30, 1967 and from June 4, 1968 to February 8, 1969 off the coast of Vietnam. The carrier's aircraft were specifically intended for interception missions over South Vietnam . During one of these missions, the crew and the pilots managed to launch nine A-4 Skyhawks and six A-1 Skyraiders at intervals of 28 seconds each. The machines were in the air within 7 minutes. Some of the Skyraiders managed to shoot down Soviet MiG-17s that were used for the North Vietnamese .

The 1970s

After returning to the waters of the United States released the Intrepid , the Yorktown mid-1970, the Aircraft Carrier Division 16 as flagship from the Atlantic.

With the newly formed combat group TG 83.2, the carrier received the order in April 1971 to monitor Soviet fleet movements. For this reason, maneuvers were planned off Norway's Atlantic coast (→ Rusty Razor ) and in the Baltic Sea . Together with the submarine Greenfish , which, like the carrier and several other ships, was equipped with nuclear weapons systems, the combat group entered Danish waters. The Intrepid entered the port of Copenhagen on July 21, 1971 and the USS Swordfish made a visit to Aarhus . This happened despite the fact that the American government knew at the time that the Danes had declared their country a nuclear-weapon-free zone . However, the Danish government did not respond to this obvious affront , as it did later in 1972 and 1973 when the porter repeatedly visited Copenhagen.

With the 1973 voyage north of the Arctic Circle and the following east course, the Intrepid was at this time the US aircraft carrier that advanced furthest north and east to the territorial waters of the USSR. Shortly afterwards she anchored in the port of Bergen .

After a final voyage in the Mediterranean, the Intrepid was decommissioned on March 15, 1974. The scrapping was scheduled for the following year.

Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum

→ Main articles : Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum

Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum (2006)

Thanks to the initiative of Zachary Fisher and the Intrepid Museum Foundation , who saved the aircraft carrier from scrapping and brought it to New York, the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum , located on the west side of Manhattan at Pier 86 , was opened in August 1982 . Since January 14, 1986, the Intrepid has the status of a National Historic Landmark . On the same day, the ship was entered on the National Register of Historic Places .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Website on the history of the USS Intrepid (US Navy Department). Retrieved July 26, 2006
2. ↑ USS WILLIAM M. WOOD (DD / DDR-715) Gearing Class Destroyer - A Written History. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 11, 2013 ; Retrieved March 13, 2013 . 
3. ^ Nuclear Information Project. Retrieved August 8, 2006
4. ↑ Listing of National Historic Landmarks by State: New York. National Park Service , accessed November 1, 2019.
5. ↑ USS INTREPID (aircraft carrier) in the National Register Information System. National Park Service , accessed November 1, 2019.

literature

• Raymond L. Stone: My Ship! The USS Intrepid. GP Books, South Salem NY 2004, ISBN 0-9746916-0-7 .
• Anthony F. Zollo Sr .: USS Intrepid CV-11 CVA-11 CVS-11. Turner, Paducah 1993, 1997, ISBN 1-56311-107-1 .
• Robert F. Sumrall: USS Intrepid (CV 11). Pictorial Histories, Missoula Mont 1989, ISBN 0-929521-20-X .

Web links

Commons : USS Intrepid  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

• USS Intrepid Association (English)
• Official Navy Site of the USS Intrepid (English)
• Technical data, history, etc. (English)
• Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum (English)

Coordinates: 40 ° 45 ′ 53.3 "  N , 74 ° 0 ′ 3.1"  W.