Van der Waals radius
The van der Waals radius (after Johannes Diderik van der Waals ) of an atom is the radius of an imaginary hard sphere , which is used as a model for atomic behavior. Van der Waals radii are determined by the distances in (not chemically linked) pairs of atoms in crystals .
group | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4th | 5 | 6th | 7th | 8th | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14th | 15th | 16 | 17th | 18th | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
period | |||||||||||||||||||
1 |
H 110 |
He 140 |
|||||||||||||||||
2 |
Li 182 |
Be 153 |
B 192 |
C 170 |
N 155 |
O 152 |
F 147 |
Ne 154 |
|||||||||||
3 |
Na 227 |
Mg 173 |
Al 184 |
Si 210 |
P 180 |
P 180 |
Cl 175 |
Ar 188 |
|||||||||||
4th |
K 275 |
Ca 231 |
Sc - |
Ti - |
V - |
Cr - |
Mn - |
Fe - |
Co - |
Ni 163 |
Cu 140 |
Zn 139 |
Ga 187 |
Ge 211 |
As 185 |
Se 190 |
Br 185 |
Kr 202 |
|
5 |
Rb 303 |
Sr 249 |
Y - |
Zr - |
Nb - |
Mon - |
Tc - |
Ru - |
Rh - |
Pd 163 |
Ag 172 |
Cd 158 |
In 193 |
Sn 217 |
Sb 206 |
Te 206 |
I 198 |
Xe 216 |
|
6th |
Cs 343 |
Ba 268 |
La - |
Hf - |
Ta - |
W - |
Re - |
Os - |
Ir - |
Pt 175 |
Au 166 |
Hg 155 |
Tl 196 |
Pb 202 |
Bi 207 |
Po 197 |
At 202 |
Rn 220 |
|
7th |
Fr 348 |
Ra 283 |
In addition, there is a value for uranium of 186 pm.
The van der Waals volume is given as .
See also
literature
- Ulrich Müller: Inorganic Structural Chemistry. 5th, revised and expanded edition. Teubner, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 3-8351-0107-2 , pp. 74-75.
Web links
- van der Waals radii In: Structural Biology Glossary , imb-jena.de (English)
Individual evidence
- ^ R. Scott Rowland, Robin Taylor: Intermolecular Nonbonded Contact Distances in Organic Crystal Structures: Comparison with Distances Expected from van der Waals Radii. In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry. Vol. 100, No. 18, 1996, pp. 7384-7391, doi : 10.1021 / jp953141 + .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak A. Bondi: van der Waals Volumes and Radii. In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry. Vol. 68, No. 3, 1964, pp. 441-451, doi: 10.1021 / j100785a001 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Manjeera Mantina, Adam C. Chamberlin, Rosendo Valero, Christopher J. Cramer, Donald G. Truhlar: Consistent van der Waals Radii for the Whole Main Group. In: Journal of Physical Chemistry A . Vol. 113, No. 19, 2009, pp. 5806-5812, doi: 10.1021 / jp8111556 .