Vierzehnheiligen (Jena)

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Fourteen saints
City of Jena
Coordinates: 50 ° 58 ′ 24 ″  N , 11 ° 32 ′ 13 ″  E
Height : 341 m
Area : 1.98 km²
Residents : 114  (December 31, 2017)
Population density : 58 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : April 1st 1969
Incorporated into: Nativity Village
Postal code : 07751
Area code : 036425
Through town
Former pilgrimage church
Interior of the church
War memorial in front of the church in Vierzehnheiligen (2013)

Vierzehnheiligen is a district of the independent city of Jena in Thuringia . The place is known for its church “To the fourteen helpers in need” as well as for the historical events in the battle of Jena in 1806.

geography

Geographical location

Vierzehnheiligen is located on the Ilm-Saale-Platte in the northern urban area of ​​Jena. The country road 2301 runs through the village and connects it to the L 1060, 1 km away, which runs between Jena and Apolda. The city center is approx. 7 km away. After Weimar is 17 km and to the city of Apolda km 7.5. The nearest federal road is the B 7 2.5 km south and the next motorway is the A 4 south.

Neighboring Jena districts are Krippendorf in the east, Lützeroda in the southeast and Isserstedt in the southwest. In addition, the city of Bad Sulza with the districts of Hermstedt and Kleinromstedt , which belongs to the Weimarer Land district , joins in the north .

landscape

The Vierzehnheiliger Flur , which geologically belongs to the Upper Muschelkalk , lies on a fertile plateau with a few shallow depressions towards the Gönnatal in the east and the Mühltal in the southwest. In the few damp places there are meadows or orchards . The southernmost tip of the district is forested. On the western boundary, near the wooden corner , are the remains of a Bronze Age barrow , which can still be seen today. The Gönnerbach rises in the village area and leaves the corridor to the west in the direction of the Krippendorf. The highest point is 353 m above sea level. NN.

history

Vierzehnheiligen was first mentioned in 1334. The place emerged from the settlement of Lützendorf, which was destroyed in 1450. In 1453 Margaretha of Austria laid the foundation stone for a pilgrimage church consecrated to the fourteen helpers in need. In 1464 the construction was finished and contained u. a. 14 altars, 14 pillars and many paintings and inscriptions. The church was inaugurated by Bishop Dietrich zu Naumburg . Step by step, the previous residents returned. With the arrival of the Reformation , the altars were removed and the priests fled to the Bambergsche . In the 15th to 17th centuries the place was called "To the 14 helpers in need near Ihene (Jena)". With the division of the Wettin countries in 1485, Vierzehnheiligen came to the Albertines , in 1547 to the Ernestines . This made Vierzehnheiligen an exclave of the Camburg office . In 1775 a major fire raged in the village, killing 25 houses, the school and the high church tower. Between 1826 and 1920, the place belonged to the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen , while all the surrounding villages were under the rule of Saxony-Weimar . From April 1, 1969, the village formed its own parish together with Krippendorf, until both places were incorporated into Jena on July 1, 1994.

Saxon fratricidal war and place of pilgrimage

During the Saxon fratricidal war between the brothers Friedrich , Elector of Saxony and Duke Wilhelm , Friedrich's troops took the castles in Isserstedt and Dornburg . In the course of this, Lützendorf was also looted and destroyed. The surviving residents had to flee to the surrounding towns.

The repopulation was closely related to the construction of the pilgrimage church. In order to set a sign of atonement , Duke Wilhelm decided to build a pilgrimage church here. The choice of the location was based on a spring, the water of which was ascribed miraculous powers. The church was built around 1464.

For 75 years until 1539 people made a pilgrimage to Vierzehnheiligen. This resulted in income for supply and accommodation for the place. In addition, the residents were exempt from forced labor. The end of the pilgrimages came with the Reformation .

Battle of Jena

At noon on October 13, 1806, the decisive battle between Napoleon's troops and the Prussian army under the leadership of the Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen took place right next to the village . All surrounding places were damaged and looted. Since the pronunciation of the place name Vierzehnheiligen must have been too complicated for the French, they named the battle after nearby Jena.

To commemorate this event, numerous memorial stones were set up at the former locations. In addition, commemorative events and events took place on the 190th (1996), 200th (2006) and 210th (2016) anniversaries. a. with extensively re-enacted battle scenes.

Development of the population since 1843

year Residents
1843 168
1890 134
1933 130
year Residents
1995 113
1996 103
1997 101
1998 107
1999 105
2000 102
year Residents
2001 101
2002 102
2003 102
2004 95
2005 94
2006 95

Culture and sights

The Vierzehnheiliger church “To the fourteen helpers in need” is an old fortified and pilgrimage church . It was built from 1453 to 1464, founded as atonement for the injustice committed in the Saxon Fratricidal War (1446–1451). The church was consecrated in 1464 by the Naumburg bishop Dietrich to the fourteen helpers in need. Once inside there were paintings and altars dedicated to the fourteen helpers in need. The high tower, which was completed in 1467 and to which a nave adjoins to the east, is visible from afar. A choir used to be attached to this, which was demolished in 1801. The triumphal arch was closed. On the former military character of the Gothic building refer loopholes and slits on the turret. In the church there are still some wall paintings and the organ built by Johann Georg Fincke in 1707. After the battle of Jena, the church was used as a hospital for the Prussian troops. In 1906 extensive restoration work and refurbishment took place. In 1996 a thorough renovation began for church and cultural purposes.

In front of the church is a war memorial that was erected in 1906 to honor the dead of the French and Germans who died in battle. It also commemorates the victims of the Wars of Liberation in 1813/14 and is flanked by panels with the fallen of both world wars.

literature

  • Günter Schmidt (Red.): 550 years of fourteen saints. 1464-2014 , ed. v. Festival committee 550 years of Vierzehnheiligen, Jena-Vierzehnheiligen 2014.

Web links

Commons : Vierzehnheiligen  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Margaretha von Österreich, On the trail of great women (Part 10). Holger Jakobi, accessed March 20, 2009 .
  2. ↑ Jonathan Carl Zenker : Historical-topographical pocket book of Jena and its surroundings, especially in natural science and medical relationship. With the plan from Jena and a geognostic profile . Frommann, Jena 1836, p. 150 .
  3. ↑ Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states , Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart, 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office
  4. ↑ Destroyed land by brotherly hand - On the trail of the Saxon fratricidal war between Ilm and Saale , published by the Denkmalverbund Thüringen e. V., Glaux Verlag, Jena, 2007 ISBN 978-3-940265-08-1
  5. ^ Ignasiak, Detlef: An der Saale and im Holzland - A cultural-historical guide through the surroundings of the university town of Jena , quartus-Verlag, Jena 1997, ISBN 3-931505-17-0
  6. ↑ a b statistics from jena.de