Vice Cathedral Office Rheingau
The Vitztumamt Rheingau or Vizedomamt Rheingau was an administrative unit in Kurmainz and included the region of today's Rheingau , at times also Rhine-Hessian areas and the possessions of Kurmainz in the vicinity , in the Palatinate and in today's Hesse up to the Westerwald . At the top of this administrative area was the Rheingau's Vizedom .
history
The Veronese donation
The Archbishop of Mainz had already acquired rights in the Rheingau during Carolingian times. With the Veronese donation in 983, a closed territory was created, comparable to other counties in the empire.
The Veronese donation was a donation from Emperor Otto II to the Archbishopric of Mainz under Archbishop Willigis at the Reichstag in Verona on June 14, 983. A series of resolutions were passed on this, which strengthened the imperial princes. After the emperor's defeat at the Battle of Cape Colonna , his position was severely weakened.
The donation comprised the royal lordship over the Rheingau region including Bingen. The rights already existing for Mainz were confirmed, new possessions and rights between Niederwalluf and Lorchhausen were transferred to the archbishopric.
Territorialization
The process of territorialization began early in the Rheingau. Due to the non-hereditary position of the archbishop, the Rheingau had from the beginning not only the character of a union state , but also the character of an area state. The beginning of pure sovereignty can be dated to the year 1220.
In order to secure the rule of the Hohenstaufens beyond his death, Frederick II had his son Heinrich (VII) elected as king at an imperial assembly in Frankfurt in 1220 . He could only achieve this by granting the ecclesiastical princes such a large number of privileges that this Confoederatio cum principibus ecclesiasticis actually represented the beginning of territorial rule by the ecclesiastical princes, including the Electoral Mainz state .
The office of the vice cathedral was historically a court office . Since the tenure of Adalbert I of Saarbrücken , i.e. from around 1120, it had become a territorial office. The Vicedominus Moguntinus was now responsible for Mainz and its hinterland, the Rheingau and the possessions of Mainz in the vicinity, in the Palatinate and in today's Hesse up to the Westerwald. The possessions of Mainz outside the Rheingau were fragmented and were often lost from the 13th century. In the second half of the 15th century, the Vizedomamt Mainz and the Rheingau were separated. The title of the Vizedom was now Vizedom des Rheingau (Latin Vicedominus per Ringowe ).
In 1345 and from 1350 to 1424 Mainz had to pledge the Vizedomamt Rheingau. During this time the Vice-Cathedral received 10% of the income of the Vice-Cathedral Office. Instead, after 1428, each appointment promised a regular annual salary, which was paid in four installments.
Rheingau Weistum from 1324
The Rheingau Weistum of 1324 guaranteed the inhabitants of the Rheingau privileges that came close to those of the cities.
Administrative reform of 1770
With the administrative reform of 1770, the Rheingau was divided into the official cellars of Eltville and Rüdesheim for administration and criminal justice and into the bailiwick courts of Erbach for Eltville and Geisenheim for civil justice.
The office of vicarage remained, but became largely meaningless.
The Eltville official winery included: Budenheim , Eltville , Erbach , Frauenstein , Geroldstein on the left of the Wisper, Hallgarten , Hattenheim , Kiedrich , Mittelheim , Neudorf ( Martinsthal ), Niedergladbach , Niederwalluf , Obergladbach , Oberwalluf , Oestrich , Rauenthal , Schlangenbad on the right of the warm brook (without Hof Armada ), Draiser Hof , Geisgarten , Grorod , Hof Mappen , Neuhof , Reinhartshausen , Scharfenstein (ruin) , Steinheim , Wacholderhof . The monasteries Eberbach , Gottesthal and Tiefenthal and Rheinauen Kleine Haderau ( University of Mainz ), Mariannenaue and Langwerther Au (Freiherr von Langwerth von Simmern ) and the Lindau Forest were not part of the official winery .
The most important exclaves were the Lindau court of Count von und zu der Leyen and the areas of the Eberbach Abbey .
For office winery Rudesheim belonged Aßmannshausen , Aulhausen , Eibingen , Espenschied , Geisenheim , Johannisberg (without Schloss Johannisberg ), Lorch , Lorchhausen , Presberg , Ransel , Rudesheim , Stephanshausen , angle , Wollmerschied (excluding Bartholomew ), Ehrenfels (ruin) , Castle Chamber , Kammerforst , Kleiner Hahn , Niederwald near Rüdesheim , Nollig (ruins), Patvester Hof , Plixholz , Rheinberg Castle , Schafhof , Vollrads (without Vollrads Castle ), Würkershof (deserted areas).
The monasteries of Eibingen , Marienhausen , Marienthal and Nothgottes , some of the Rhine meadows and forests were not part of the official cellars .
Dissolution 1803
With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss the Vitztumamt Rheingau came to Nassau-Usingen in 1803 . There, and from 1806 in the Duchy of Nassau , the administrative structure consisting of the Vicedomamt Rheingau and the official cellars of Eltville and Rüdesheim was initially maintained. The successor organizations were the Nassau offices of Eltville and Rüdesheim . A higher-level administrative unit, which encompassed the entire Rheingau and other areas, was only created again from 1849 to 1854 in the form of the Rüdesheim district office and from 1867 with the Rheingau district.
area
In the 14th century, some communities in Rheinhessen also belonged to the area of the Vitztumamtes Rheingau . This included the city of Bingen until the city was pledged by the Mainz Cathedral Chapter in 1420/38 . The Kurmainzer Landschreiber, the highest official under the Vizedom, had his seat in Bingen until 1437 before he moved to Eltville.
Within the area there were a large number of places, properties and areas to which third parties had full or partial rights. Among them were the monasteries such as the Eberbach monastery , the Lindau court of Count von und zu der Leyen and many small lordships.
organization
At the head of the Vizedomamt Rheingau stood the Vizedom. The task of the vice dome corresponded to that of the Kurmainzer (senior) officials . So it was not an intermediate authority in the modern sense. The tasks lay both in administration and in jurisdiction. There was no separation of these powers in the electorate. However, there was a division of tasks within the top management. The Vizedom one was Kameralbeamter subordinated to the tasks of the financial management part. This included, in particular, the collection of taxes and duties, but also the expenses of the Rheingau vice cathedral office. A messenger of violence was responsible as a policey and justice officer for the judiciary and the police system.
The vice cathedral was appointed by the elector. However, the landscape influenced the occupation. The office was filled with representatives of the local nobility. The official character was established in 1428 and in 1455 the residence obligation of the vice cathedral. He was head of administration and judge at the same time. He was responsible for the high judiciary and, since 1279, also for blood jurisdiction .
The land clerk was first mentioned as a cameraman in 1370. Over the centuries, also due to several pledges of the Rheingau, its importance increased. The state order of 1579 made him deputy of the vice cathedral. In some cases, he also held the positions of bailiff in neighboring offices and was thus in fact as influential as the Vizedom itself.
The offices and communities were subordinate to the Vizedom. The offices were administered by municipal bodies. Up until the 16th century there were official schools in Eltville, Oestrich, Geisenheim, Rüdesheim and Lorch (on the right bank of the Rhine) and Algesheim (on the left bank of the Rhine). As a result, the Upper Office in Eltville, the Middle Office in Oestrich, the Lower Office in Geisenheim and the Half Office Lorch were formed. This process was completed during the reign of Elector Daniel Brendel von Homburg (1555–1582).
Personalities
Vice dome of the Rheingau
Vice Cathedral | Term of office | annotation |
---|---|---|
Adalbertus | 1075 | |
Giselbrat | 1090 | |
Embricho II of Geisenheim | 1108-1124 | to be distinguished from the simultaneously documented Rhine Count Embricho |
Ernestus | 1125-1128, 1131 | |
Ruthardus | 1128-1132 | Nephew of Ruthard , Archbishop of Mainz 1089–1109? |
Embricho from Geisenheim | 1132-1141 | Embricho III. Count in the Rheingau? |
Ruthardus | 1142-1144 | |
Meingot | 1145-1152 | |
Helpricius | 1155-1160 | |
(Embricho) | 1162 | Fake? Embricho IV. Rheingraf , the Elder, 1158 († 1194)? |
Conrad | 1171-approx. 1181 (before 1189) | |
Dietrich von Selhofen | 1181-from 1189 | from the Mainz ministerial family von Selenhofen? |
Embricho | 1189-1196 | Embricho IV. Rheingraf, the Elder, 1158 († 1194)? |
Heinrich | after 1196, before 1216 | |
Philip of Bolanden | 1211-before 1222 | Brother-in-law of Eb. Siegfried II |
Rhine Count Embricho | (1219-) 1227 | Rhine Count Embricho III. vom Stein († around 1241) |
( Conrad von Rüdesheim ) | 1251 | |
Giselbert Fuchs from Rüdesheim | 1252-1268 | |
Heinrich Gallo von Delkenheim | 1279 | |
Ludwig von Idstein | 1280-1294 | |
Erembert | 1294-1309 | |
Konrad von Rudesheim | (1315) 1316-1318 | |
Rheingraf Siegfried | 1318 | Rheingraf Siegfried II. Vom Stein († before 1327) |
( Heinrich Schetzel von Lorch ) | 1319 | |
Heinrich of Lindau | before 1328-1330 | |
( Konrad von Rüdesheim ) | 1332 | |
Philipp von Wunnenberg | 1334-1341 | also Phillipus von Wunnenberg |
Konrad von Rudesheim | 1342-1344 | |
Wilhelm Kesselhut from Ingelheim | 1345 | Pledged for £ 1,000 Heller |
Johann von Randeck | 1346-1347 | |
Gerlach Knebel | 1347 (?) - 1348 | |
Johann Marshal von Waldeck | 1350-1351 | Pledging |
Johann d. J. Marshal von Waldeck | 1354 | |
Ulrich von Kronberg | 1354-1386 | von Waldeck pledged the office for 1000 guilders |
Siegfried of Lindau | 1387–1399 (1400?) | replaced the pledge on December 5, 1586 |
Kuno von Scharfenstein | 1401 (1407) -1424 | |
Johann Brömser of Rüdesheim | 1415-1417 (1418) | |
Hans von Helmstatt | 1424-1428 | |
Johann Boos von Waldeck | 1428-1435 | |
Adam von Allendorf | 1435-1455 | |
Johann Count of Nassau | 1455-1460 | |
Gernand von Schwalbach | 1460 | |
Emmerich von Rheinberg | 1461, 1463-1467 | |
Philip Count of Nassau | 1462 | |
Johann von Greiffenklau | 1467-1480 | |
Wigand von Dienheim | 1480-1481 | |
Johann von Breitbach | 1481-1494 | |
Friedrich Brömser from Rüdesheim | 1494-1505 | |
Friedrich von Stockheim the Elder | 1505-1521 | |
Heinrich Brömser von Rüdesheim | 1521-1532 | |
Friedrich Schlüchter von Erfenstein | 1532-1538 | |
Hans-Heinrich von Morsheim | 1538-1544 | Son of the poet Johann von Morschheim |
Friedrich von Stockheim the Younger | 1544-1556 | |
Johann von Stockheim | 1556-before 1560 | |
Philip of Grorod | before 1560-1566 | |
Johann Oger Brendel von Homburg | 1566-1571 | |
Damian Chamberlain of Worms | 1671-1575 | |
Hans-Georg von Bicken | 1575-1608 | |
Johann Reichard Brömser from Rüdesheim | 1608-1618 | |
Wolf Heinrich von Breitbach | 1618-1631 | |
Johann Nikolaus von Stockheim | 1631-1635 | used by the Swedes |
Heinrich von Greiffenklau | 1632-1638 | used by the archbishop |
Friedrich von Greiffenclau on Vollrads | 1638-1682 | |
Adolf Franz Dietrich Freiherr von Ingelheim | 1682-1698 | |
Johann Erwein von Greiffenclau-Vollrads | 1698-1727 | |
Johann Philipp Graf von Ingelheim | 1727-1751 | |
Anselm Franz von Ritter zu Groenesteyn | 1751-1765 | |
Franz Karl Philipp Count of Ingelheim | 1765-1774 | |
Anselm Casimir Franz Graf von Edeler zu Elz | 1774-1778 | sinecure |
Philipp Anton Freiherr von Bibra | 1778-after 1797 | sinecure |
Official cellar
Eltville:
- Andreas Bender (1770–1795)
- Andreas Kretzinger (1787–1801)
- Johann Georg Herber (1801-1802)
Rudesheim:
- Theobald Reuter (1770–1795)
- Peter Heinrich Schmidt (1795–1802)
literature
- Barthold C. Witte: Herrschaft und Land im Rheingau, Diss. 1959
- Wolf-Heino Struck: An Urbar of the Archbishopric Mainz for the Vitztumamt Rheingau from the year 1390, in: Nassauische Annalen , Vol. 76 (1965), pp. 29-62.
Individual evidence
- ^ Rolf Göttert: The Rheingau homage on the Lützelaue , 2004; in: Notes from the city archive, online (PDF; 259 kB).
- ^ Günter Christ and Georg May: Archbishopric and Archdiocese of Mainz territorial and ecclesiastical structures, Volume 6.2 of the Handbuch der Mainz Kirchengeschichte, 1997, ISBN 3-429-01877-3 , pp. 46-49.
- ↑ K.-H.Spiess, Das Rheingauer Weistum, in: Nassauische Annalen 96, 1985, pp. 29-42.
- ^ Wolf-Heino Struck: The formation of the Rheingau-Taunus district from a historical point of view; In: Nassauische Annalen Vol. 90, 1979, p. 130.
- ^ Walter Wagner: The Rhine-Main area 1787, unchanged. Reprint d. Edition Darmstadt 1938; Pp. 28-29.
- ^ Wolf-Heino Struck: The formation of the Rheingau-Taunus district from a historical point of view; In: Nassauische Annalen Vol. 90, 1979, pp. 138-139.
- ^ Karl Härter: Policey und Strafjustiz in Kurmainz, 1st part volume, 2005, ISBN 3-465-03428-7 , pp. 88-89.
- ^ Günter Christ and Georg May: Archbishopric and Archdiocese of Mainz territorial and church structures, Volume 6.2 of the Handbuch der Mainz Kirchengeschichte, 1997, ISBN 3-429-01877-3 , p. 55.
- ^ Erich Becker: Constitution and administration of the municipalities of the Rheingau from the 16th to the 18th century, 1930, pp. 2–3.
- ^ Heinrich Beyer (Ed.): Middle Rhine document book . tape I , no. 375 , 1860.
- ↑ Gudenus, Valentin Ferdinand von (ed.): Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota from anno DCCCLXXXI ad MCCC Moguntiaca, ius Germanicum et SRI historiam illustrantia . tape I . Regia Officina Librar. Academ., Göttingen 1743, pp. 32 .
- ↑ dto. P. 65
- ↑ Mainz Document Book 1, No. 545
- ^ Barthold C. Witte: Herrschaft und Land im Rheingau, dissertation 1959. P. 228–230