Vice Cathedral Office Rheingau

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The Vitztumamt Rheingau or Vizedomamt Rheingau was an administrative unit in Kurmainz and included the region of today's Rheingau , at times also Rhine-Hessian areas and the possessions of Kurmainz in the vicinity , in the Palatinate and in today's Hesse up to the Westerwald . At the top of this administrative area was the Rheingau's Vizedom .

history

The Veronese donation

The Archbishop of Mainz had already acquired rights in the Rheingau during Carolingian times. With the Veronese donation in 983, a closed territory was created, comparable to other counties in the empire.

The Veronese donation was a donation from Emperor Otto II to the Archbishopric of Mainz under Archbishop Willigis at the Reichstag in Verona on June 14, 983. A series of resolutions were passed on this, which strengthened the imperial princes. After the emperor's defeat at the Battle of Cape Colonna , his position was severely weakened.

The donation comprised the royal lordship over the Rheingau region including Bingen. The rights already existing for Mainz were confirmed, new possessions and rights between Niederwalluf and Lorchhausen were transferred to the archbishopric.

Territorialization

The process of territorialization began early in the Rheingau. Due to the non-hereditary position of the archbishop, the Rheingau had from the beginning not only the character of a union state , but also the character of an area state. The beginning of pure sovereignty can be dated to the year 1220.

In order to secure the rule of the Hohenstaufens beyond his death, Frederick II had his son Heinrich (VII) elected as king at an imperial assembly in Frankfurt in 1220 . He could only achieve this by granting the ecclesiastical princes such a large number of privileges that this Confoederatio cum principibus ecclesiasticis actually represented the beginning of territorial rule by the ecclesiastical princes, including the Electoral Mainz state .

The office of the vice cathedral was historically a court office . Since the tenure of Adalbert I of Saarbrücken , i.e. from around 1120, it had become a territorial office. The Vicedominus Moguntinus was now responsible for Mainz and its hinterland, the Rheingau and the possessions of Mainz in the vicinity, in the Palatinate and in today's Hesse up to the Westerwald. The possessions of Mainz outside the Rheingau were fragmented and were often lost from the 13th century. In the second half of the 15th century, the Vizedomamt Mainz and the Rheingau were separated. The title of the Vizedom was now Vizedom des Rheingau (Latin Vicedominus per Ringowe ).

In 1345 and from 1350 to 1424 Mainz had to pledge the Vizedomamt Rheingau. During this time the Vice-Cathedral received 10% of the income of the Vice-Cathedral Office. Instead, after 1428, each appointment promised a regular annual salary, which was paid in four installments.

Rheingau Weistum from 1324

The Rheingau Weistum of 1324 guaranteed the inhabitants of the Rheingau privileges that came close to those of the cities.

Administrative reform of 1770

With the administrative reform of 1770, the Rheingau was divided into the official cellars of Eltville and Rüdesheim for administration and criminal justice and into the bailiwick courts of Erbach for Eltville and Geisenheim for civil justice.

The office of vicarage remained, but became largely meaningless.

The Eltville official winery included: Budenheim , Eltville , Erbach , Frauenstein , Geroldstein on the left of the Wisper, Hallgarten , Hattenheim , Kiedrich , Mittelheim , Neudorf ( Martinsthal ), Niedergladbach , Niederwalluf , Obergladbach , Oberwalluf , Oestrich , Rauenthal , Schlangenbad on the right of the warm brook (without Hof Armada ), Draiser Hof , Geisgarten , Grorod , Hof Mappen , Neuhof , Reinhartshausen , Scharfenstein (ruin) , Steinheim , Wacholderhof . The monasteries Eberbach , Gottesthal and Tiefenthal and Rheinauen Kleine Haderau ( University of Mainz ), Mariannenaue and Langwerther Au (Freiherr von Langwerth von Simmern ) and the Lindau Forest were not part of the official winery .

The most important exclaves were the Lindau court of Count von und zu der Leyen and the areas of the Eberbach Abbey .

For office winery Rudesheim belonged Aßmannshausen , Aulhausen , Eibingen , Espenschied , Geisenheim , Johannisberg (without Schloss Johannisberg ), Lorch , Lorchhausen , Presberg , Ransel , Rudesheim , Stephanshausen , angle , Wollmerschied (excluding Bartholomew ), Ehrenfels (ruin) , Castle Chamber , Kammerforst , Kleiner Hahn , Niederwald near Rüdesheim , Nollig (ruins), Patvester Hof , Plixholz , Rheinberg Castle , Schafhof , Vollrads (without Vollrads Castle ), Würkershof (deserted areas).

The monasteries of Eibingen , Marienhausen , Marienthal and Nothgottes , some of the Rhine meadows and forests were not part of the official cellars .

Dissolution 1803

With the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss the Vitztumamt Rheingau came to Nassau-Usingen in 1803 . There, and from 1806 in the Duchy of Nassau , the administrative structure consisting of the Vicedomamt Rheingau and the official cellars of Eltville and Rüdesheim was initially maintained. The successor organizations were the Nassau offices of Eltville and Rüdesheim . A higher-level administrative unit, which encompassed the entire Rheingau and other areas, was only created again from 1849 to 1854 in the form of the Rüdesheim district office and from 1867 with the Rheingau district.

area

In the 14th century, some communities in Rheinhessen also belonged to the area of ​​the Vitztumamtes Rheingau . This included the city of Bingen until the city was pledged by the Mainz Cathedral Chapter in 1420/38 . The Kurmainzer Landschreiber, the highest official under the Vizedom, had his seat in Bingen until 1437 before he moved to Eltville.

Within the area there were a large number of places, properties and areas to which third parties had full or partial rights. Among them were the monasteries such as the Eberbach monastery , the Lindau court of Count von und zu der Leyen and many small lordships.

organization

At the head of the Vizedomamt Rheingau stood the Vizedom. The task of the vice dome corresponded to that of the Kurmainzer (senior) officials . So it was not an intermediate authority in the modern sense. The tasks lay both in administration and in jurisdiction. There was no separation of these powers in the electorate. However, there was a division of tasks within the top management. The Vizedom one was Kameralbeamter subordinated to the tasks of the financial management part. This included, in particular, the collection of taxes and duties, but also the expenses of the Rheingau vice cathedral office. A messenger of violence was responsible as a policey and justice officer for the judiciary and the police system.

The vice cathedral was appointed by the elector. However, the landscape influenced the occupation. The office was filled with representatives of the local nobility. The official character was established in 1428 and in 1455 the residence obligation of the vice cathedral. He was head of administration and judge at the same time. He was responsible for the high judiciary and, since 1279, also for blood jurisdiction .

The land clerk was first mentioned as a cameraman in 1370. Over the centuries, also due to several pledges of the Rheingau, its importance increased. The state order of 1579 made him deputy of the vice cathedral. In some cases, he also held the positions of bailiff in neighboring offices and was thus in fact as influential as the Vizedom itself.

The offices and communities were subordinate to the Vizedom. The offices were administered by municipal bodies. Up until the 16th century there were official schools in Eltville, Oestrich, Geisenheim, Rüdesheim and Lorch (on the right bank of the Rhine) and Algesheim (on the left bank of the Rhine). As a result, the Upper Office in Eltville, the Middle Office in Oestrich, the Lower Office in Geisenheim and the Half Office Lorch were formed. This process was completed during the reign of Elector Daniel Brendel von Homburg (1555–1582).

Personalities

Vice dome of the Rheingau

Vice Cathedral Term of office annotation
Adalbertus 1075 0
Giselbrat 1090 0
Embricho II of Geisenheim 1108-1124 to be distinguished from the simultaneously documented Rhine Count Embricho
Ernestus 1125-1128, 1131 0
Ruthardus 1128-1132 Nephew of Ruthard , Archbishop of Mainz 1089–1109?
Embricho from Geisenheim 1132-1141 Embricho III. Count in the Rheingau?
Ruthardus 1142-1144 0
Meingot 1145-1152 0
Helpricius 1155-1160 0
(Embricho) 1162 Fake? Embricho IV. Rheingraf , the Elder, 1158 († 1194)?
Conrad 1171-approx. 1181 (before 1189) 0
Dietrich von Selhofen 1181-from 1189 from the Mainz ministerial family von Selenhofen?
Embricho 1189-1196 Embricho IV. Rheingraf, the Elder, 1158 († 1194)?
Heinrich after 1196, before 1216 0
Philip of Bolanden 1211-before 1222 Brother-in-law of Eb. Siegfried II
Rhine Count Embricho (1219-) 1227 Rhine Count Embricho III. vom Stein († around 1241)
( Conrad von Rüdesheim ) 1251 0
Giselbert Fuchs from Rüdesheim 1252-1268 0
Heinrich Gallo von Delkenheim 1279 0
Ludwig von Idstein 1280-1294 0
Erembert 1294-1309 0
Konrad von Rudesheim (1315) 1316-1318 0
Rheingraf Siegfried 1318 Rheingraf Siegfried II. Vom Stein († before 1327)
( Heinrich Schetzel von Lorch ) 1319 0
Heinrich of Lindau before 1328-1330 0
( Konrad von Rüdesheim ) 1332 0
Philipp von Wunnenberg 1334-1341 also Phillipus von Wunnenberg
Konrad von Rudesheim 1342-1344 0
Wilhelm Kesselhut from Ingelheim 1345 Pledged for £ 1,000 Heller
Johann von Randeck 1346-1347 0
Gerlach Knebel 1347 (?) - 1348 0
Johann Marshal von Waldeck 1350-1351 Pledging
Johann d. J. Marshal von Waldeck 1354 0
Ulrich von Kronberg 1354-1386 von Waldeck pledged the office for 1000 guilders
Siegfried of Lindau 1387–1399 (1400?) replaced the pledge on December 5, 1586
Kuno von Scharfenstein 1401 (1407) -1424 0
Johann Brömser of Rüdesheim 1415-1417 (1418) 0
Hans von Helmstatt 1424-1428 0
Johann Boos von Waldeck 1428-1435 0
Adam von Allendorf 1435-1455 0
Johann Count of Nassau 1455-1460 0
Gernand von Schwalbach 1460 0
Emmerich von Rheinberg 1461, 1463-1467 0
Philip Count of Nassau 1462 0
Johann von Greiffenklau 1467-1480 0
Wigand von Dienheim 1480-1481 0
Johann von Breitbach 1481-1494 0
Friedrich Brömser from Rüdesheim 1494-1505 0
Friedrich von Stockheim the Elder 1505-1521 0
Heinrich Brömser von Rüdesheim 1521-1532 0
Friedrich Schlüchter von Erfenstein 1532-1538 0
Hans-Heinrich von Morsheim 1538-1544 Son of the poet Johann von Morschheim
Friedrich von Stockheim the Younger 1544-1556 0
Johann von Stockheim 1556-before 1560 0
Philip of Grorod before 1560-1566 0
Johann Oger Brendel von Homburg 1566-1571 0
Damian Chamberlain of Worms 1671-1575 0
Hans-Georg von Bicken 1575-1608 0
Johann Reichard Brömser from Rüdesheim 1608-1618 0
Wolf Heinrich von Breitbach 1618-1631 0
Johann Nikolaus von Stockheim 1631-1635 used by the Swedes
Heinrich von Greiffenklau 1632-1638 used by the archbishop
Friedrich von Greiffenclau on Vollrads 1638-1682 0
Adolf Franz Dietrich Freiherr von Ingelheim 1682-1698 0
Johann Erwein von Greiffenclau-Vollrads 1698-1727 0
Johann Philipp Graf von Ingelheim 1727-1751 0
Anselm Franz von Ritter zu Groenesteyn 1751-1765 0
Franz Karl Philipp Count of Ingelheim 1765-1774 0
Anselm Casimir Franz Graf von Edeler zu Elz 1774-1778 sinecure
Philipp Anton Freiherr von Bibra 1778-after 1797 sinecure

Official cellar

Eltville:

Rudesheim:

literature

  • Barthold C. Witte: Herrschaft und Land im Rheingau, Diss. 1959
  • Wolf-Heino Struck: An Urbar of the Archbishopric Mainz for the Vitztumamt Rheingau from the year 1390, in: Nassauische Annalen , Vol. 76 (1965), pp. 29-62.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Rolf Göttert: The Rheingau homage on the Lützelaue , 2004; in: Notes from the city archive, online (PDF; 259 kB).
  2. ^ Günter Christ and Georg May: Archbishopric and Archdiocese of Mainz territorial and ecclesiastical structures, Volume 6.2 of the Handbuch der Mainz Kirchengeschichte, 1997, ISBN 3-429-01877-3 , pp. 46-49.
  3. K.-H.Spiess, Das Rheingauer Weistum, in: Nassauische Annalen 96, 1985, pp. 29-42.
  4. ^ Wolf-Heino Struck: The formation of the Rheingau-Taunus district from a historical point of view; In: Nassauische Annalen Vol. 90, 1979, p. 130.
  5. ^ Walter Wagner: The Rhine-Main area 1787, unchanged. Reprint d. Edition Darmstadt 1938; Pp. 28-29.
  6. ^ Wolf-Heino Struck: The formation of the Rheingau-Taunus district from a historical point of view; In: Nassauische Annalen Vol. 90, 1979, pp. 138-139.
  7. ^ Karl Härter: Policey und Strafjustiz in Kurmainz, 1st part volume, 2005, ISBN 3-465-03428-7 , pp. 88-89.
  8. ^ Günter Christ and Georg May: Archbishopric and Archdiocese of Mainz territorial and church structures, Volume 6.2 of the Handbuch der Mainz Kirchengeschichte, 1997, ISBN 3-429-01877-3 , p. 55.
  9. ^ Erich Becker: Constitution and administration of the municipalities of the Rheingau from the 16th to the 18th century, 1930, pp. 2–3.
  10. ^ Heinrich Beyer (Ed.): Middle Rhine document book . tape I , no. 375 , 1860.
  11. Gudenus, Valentin Ferdinand von (ed.): Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota from anno DCCCLXXXI ad MCCC Moguntiaca, ius Germanicum et SRI historiam illustrantia . tape I . Regia Officina Librar. Academ., Göttingen 1743, pp. 32 .
  12. dto. P. 65
  13. Mainz Document Book 1, No. 545
  14. ^ Barthold C. Witte: Herrschaft und Land im Rheingau, dissertation 1959. P. 228–230