Election for the SPD chairmanship in 2019
The election for the SPD party chairmanship in 2019 was made necessary by the resignation of the SPD chairwoman Andrea Nahles in June 2019. For the first time since 1993, a vote of all party members in two ballots determined the new party leadership. A dual leadership from Saskia Esken and Norbert Walter-Borjans was elected. The formal election of the duo took place at the SPD federal party conference on December 6, 2019.
background
From 2017 to 2019 there were several leadership changes at the SPD. After eight years in office , the then SPD chairman Sigmar Gabriel proposed Martin Schulz as candidate for chancellor and at the same time as the new party chairman in January 2017 . After the federal election in September 2017 , in which the SPD had reached its lowest level in federal elections (20.5%), Schulz ruled out participation in a renewed grand coalition and announced that the SPD would go into the opposition. The unsuccessful talks about the formation of a Jamaica coalition after the election resulted in Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier calling on the SPD to be willing to talk. This resulted in another change of course of the party, whereby exploratory talks and coalition talks were initially approved at party congresses, and the re-entry into the grand coalition was decided by members' vote. After the coalition negotiations were over, Martin Schulz declared that he wanted to hand over the chairmanship to Andrea Nahles . On February 13, 2018, he announced his resignation from the office of party chairman, whereupon Olaf Scholz temporarily led the party until the election of Nahles on April 23, 2018.
After strong internal party pressure because of the historically poor result of the SPD in the 2019 European elections , Nahles announced on June 2, 2019 that she wanted to give up the party leadership and resigned the next day. Thereafter, the SPD was provisionally led by the three deputy federal chairmen Malu Dreyer , Manuela Schwesig and Thorsten Schäfer-Gümbel . Schwesig resigned from this office on September 10, 2019 due to cancer; Schäfer-Gümbel became Labor Director at GIZ on October 1, 2019 and therefore also resigned from the provisional party chairmanship.
Because of the ambivalent inner-party dealings with Nahles and the recent frequent change in the party chairmanship, voices were raised for membership to clarify the question of succession. It was also suggested that the party should be led by a dual leadership. On June 24, 2019, the SPD party executive decided the procedure for filling the future party chairmanship. By resolution of July 2, 2019, the procedure was further specified.
Procedure
General
In its resolution, the SPD party executive campaigned for the introduction of a dual leadership (team) consisting of two candidates with equal rights, including at least one woman, although this was not previously provided for in the SPD's organizational statute. At the same time, individual applications were also possible, which then compete with the teams. A candidacy could only take place if it was supported by at least five sub-districts, a district or a regional association of the party. The application period ran from July 1 to September 1, 2019.
The resulting candidates were given the opportunity to introduce themselves within the party at 23 regional conferences. A member survey was then carried out in accordance with Section 14 (11) of the SPD Organizational Statute. The first voting period was from October 14th to October 25th, 2019. The voting took place online and by postal vote by all SPD members who had become members by September 16, 2019. The result of the vote was announced on October 26, 2019. Since no nomination reached an absolute majority, a second member survey followed, in which there was a runoff between the two best-placed nominations of the first member survey Klara Geywitz / Olaf Scholz and Saskia Esken / Norbert Walter-Borjans. If the second-placed nomination had not wanted to run for the second vote, first place would have been the nomination of the SPD members.
The formal decision for a dual leadership, for which an amendment to the statutes was necessary, as well as the election for the party chairmanship took place on December 6th at the SPD party congress in Berlin. The delegates followed the member's proposal for election. This did not necessarily have to be the case because the delegates are fundamentally free to make their own decisions. The agreed procedure only got going with at least two nominations. Membership participation of at least 20% was also required.
Lapse of time
- June 24, 2019: Resolution of the procedure for filling the party chairmanship by the party executive committee
- July 1, 2019 - September 1, 2019: application phase
- September 16, 2019: Deadline by which SPD membership must be achieved in order to be able to participate in the member survey (s)
- September 4, 2019 - October 12, 2019: Presentation of the candidates at 23 regional conferences
- October 14-25, 2019: First member survey
- October 26, 2019: Publication of the results of the first member survey
- November 19-29, 2019: Second member survey with runoff between the first and second from the first member survey
- November 30, 2019: Publication of the results of the second member survey
- December 6, 2019: Federal party conference in Berlin with formal election of the party chairmanship and formal implementation of dual leadership
Candidacies
The final candidatures for the member survey were nominated by the specially appointed SPD electoral committee at the beginning of September. In order to be eligible for election, candidates had to show the support of a state association, a district or five sub-districts of the party.
Nominees for nominations
bold: candidates who made it to the runoff election
photo | Names, date of birth, mandates and offices | Proclamation | Nominating party branches | slogan | Result of the 1st ballot | Result of the 2nd ballot |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Christina Kampmann
|
3rd July 2019 |
District: |
With heart and attitude. Dare to set out together. | 34,793 votes (16.28%) | ||
Nina Scheer
|
12th July 2019 |
Sub-districts: Leverkusen, Duchy of Lauenburg, Essen, Segeberg, Stormarn, Lübeck and Düren / Jülich |
Social, ecological, clear. | 31,271 votes (14.63%) | ||
Gesine Swan
|
16th August 2019 |
Sub-districts: Bremen-Nord, Rosenheim-Land, Rosenheim-Stadt, Frankfurt (Oder), Berchtesgadener Land, Pinneberg, Steinburg and Rendsburg-Eckernförde |
Passionate - genuinely social democratic. | 20,583 votes (9.63%) | ||
|
Petra Köpping
|
18th August 2019 |
Regional associations: |
#TeamSPD | 31,230 votes (14.61%) | |
Klara Geywitz
|
20th August 2019 |
Regional association: |
For an SPD that can be proud of itself again. | 48,473 votes (22.68%) | 98,246 votes (45.33%) | |
Saskia Esken
|
August 28, 2019 |
Regional association: |
Steadfast Social Democratic | 44,967 votes (21.04%) | 114,995 votes (53.06%) |
Withdrawn candidacies
candidacy | Announcement of the candidacy | Annunciation of the withdrawal | Justification for withdrawal | |
T | Simone Lange | 2nd August 2019 | 4th September 2019 | Support of the applicant duo Walter-Borjans / Esken |
Alexander Ahrens | ||||
E. | Karl-Heinz Brunner | 20th August 2019 | 16th September 2019 | "Increase in the candidate field" |
T | Hilde Mattheis | 18th August 2019 | October 12, 2019 | "To increase the chances of success of a left-wing leading candidate" |
Dierk Hirschel |
Legend: T: team candidacy for a duo, E: individual candidacy.
Announced candidacies without nomination
candidacy | Proclamation | slogan |
---|---|---|
Bjorn Kamlah | 13th July 2019 | not known |
Hans Wallow | 15th July 2019 | not known |
Robert Maier | 5th August 2019 | Strong state. Strong environment. Strong economy. |
Marcus del Monte | 17th August 2019 | not known |
Stephan Frey | August 28, 2019 | not known |
Jan Böhmermann 1 | 29th August 2019 | # Restart19 |
Leaders who did not appear
Some leaders of the party were seen as possible candidates for the party chairmanship, but (in some cases prematurely) ruled out their own candidacy:
- Malu Dreyer
- Franziska Giffey
- Hubertus Heil
- Lars Klingbeil
- Kevin Kühnert
- Anke Rehlinger
- Manuela Schwesig
- Stephan Weil
Regional conferences
To present the candidates to the SPD base, 23 regional conferences were scheduled in all federal states. The first regional conference took place on September 4, 2019 in Saarbrücken , the last was held in Munich on October 12, 2019 .
Regional conferences |
No. | meeting | place | Attendees |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 4th September 2019 | Saarbrücken | 500 |
2 | September 6, 2019 | Hanover | 900 |
3 | 7th September 2019 | Bernburg (Saale) | 150 |
4th | September 8, 2019 | Bremen | 600 |
5 | September 9, 2019 | Friedberg (Hesse) | 800 |
6th | September 10, 2019 | Nieder-Olm | 700 |
7th | September 11, 2019 | Erfurt | 400 |
8th | September 12, 2019 | Nuremberg | 700 |
9 | September 14, 2019 | Filderstadt | 1,000 |
10 | 15th September 2019 | Oldenburg (Oldb) | 700 |
11 | 16th September 2019 | Baunatal | 850 |
12 | 17th September 2019 | Berlin | 1,000 |
13 | 18th September 2019 | Hamburg | 800 |
14th | 20th September 2019 | Neubrandenburg | 200 |
15th | September 21, 2019 | Neumunster | 600 |
16 | 23 September 2019 | Ettlingen | 900 |
17th | September 27, 2019 | Braunschweig | 800 |
18th | September 28, 2019 | Came | 1,000 |
19th | 29th September 2019 | Troisdorf | 950 |
20th | 1st October 2019 | Potsdam | 500 |
21st | October 6, 2019 | Duisburg | 1,500 |
22nd | October 10, 2019 | Dresden | 400 |
23 | October 12, 2019 | Munich | 1,000 |
total | 16,950 |
Survey
The following overview includes all surveys that were carried out among supporters, members and functionaries of the SPD during the presidency search.
Institute | Respondents | Period of survey | Fault tolerance |
Scholz / Geywitz |
Lauterbach / Scheer |
Schwan / Stegner |
Köpping / Pistorius |
Lange / Ahrens |
Kampmann / Roth |
Mattheis / Hirschel |
Esken / W. Borjans |
Others (≤ 1%) |
Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forsa | Members (1,042) | August 19-23, 2019 | k. A. | 26% | 14% | 13% | 12% | 7% | 7% | - | - | Details 1 | |
Forsa | Functionaries | August 19-23, 2019 | k. A. | 22% | 13% | 13% | 15% | 11% | 10% | - | - | Details 2 |
Results
Voting results
The first voting round took place from October 14th to 25th, 2019 and yielded the stated results. The runoff election between the two duos Olaf Scholz & Klara Geywitz and Norbert Walter-Borjans & Saskia Esken took place from November 19 to November 29, 2019.
Candidate (party) | 1st ballot (October 14-25, 2019) |
Runoff election (November 19-29, 2019) |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Saskia Esken & Norbert Walter-Borjans | 44,967 | 21.04% | 114.995 | 53.06% |
Klara Geywitz & Olaf Scholz | 48,473 | 22.68% | 98,246 | 45.33% |
Christina Kampmann & Michael Roth | 34,793 | 16.28% | N / A | N / A |
Nina Scheer & Karl Lauterbach | 31,271 | 14.63% | N / A | N / A |
Petra Köpping & Boris Pistorius | 31,230 | 14.61% | N / A | N / A |
Gesine Schwan & Ralf Stegner | 20,583 | 9.63% | N / A | N / A |
Abstentions | 2,376 | 1.11% | 3,480 | 1.61% |
Percentages relate to the number of valid votes cast. | ||||
Members entitled to vote | 425.630 | 100.0% | 425.630 | 100.0% |
Votes cast | 226.775 | 53.28% | 230.215 | 54.09% |
Allowable votes | 214,956 | 217.175 | ||
Valid votes | 213,693 | 216,721 | ||
Invalid votes | 1,263 | 454 |
Party congress result
On December 6, 2019, the victorious duo of the member survey was formally elected party chairman at the SPD federal party conference in Berlin. Saskia Esken received 75.9% and Norbert Walter-Borjans 89.2% of the delegate's votes.
literature
- Markus Feldenkirchen: Become Willy. Karl Lauterbach fought with leftist positions to become party chairman - a close-up . In: Der Spiegel . No. 44 , October 26, 2019, p. 36 ff .
See also
- Membership vote of the SPD on the 2018 coalition agreement
- Membership vote of the SPD on the coalition agreement 2013
Web links
- Website "#OurSPD" for voting and introducing candidates
- Procedural guidelines for carrying out a member survey prior to the election of the chairmanship of the SPD in accordance with Section 14 (11) of the Organizational Statute In: SPD.de, resolution by the SPD party executive on July 2, 2019.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b tagesschau.de: SPD party congress elects leadership duo Esken / Walter-Borjans. Retrieved December 6, 2019 .
- ↑ a b The steep ascent and deep fall of Schulz , bazonline.ch, February 8, 2018
- ^ SPD party congress: SPD for "open-ended discussions" with the Union , zeit.de, December 7, 2017
- ^ SPD party congress: Ready for coalition negotiations , zeit.de , January 21, 2018
- ↑ Dietmar Nietan in the SPD press conference on March 4, 2018 - broadcast live in Phoenix around 9:36 a.m. March 4, 2018, accessed July 3, 2019 .
- ^ SPD: Schulz is to become foreign minister - and hand over party leadership to Nahles. In: Spiegel Online . February 7, 2018, accessed July 3, 2019 .
- ↑ Change at the top of the party: Schulz clears the SPD chairmanship for Nahles. In: tagesschau.de . February 7, 2018, accessed July 3, 2019 .
- ↑ Nahles resigns as party and faction leader . In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . June 2, 2019 ( sueddeutsche.de [accessed July 3, 2019]).
- ↑ Nahles officially resigned Rheinische Post online, rp-online.de, accessed July 3, 2019
- ↑ Manuela Schwesig resigns SPD chairmanship on zeitonline.de on September 10, 2019, accessed on September 15, 2019
- ^ After Schäfer-Gümbels retreat: Dreyer alone at the top of the SPD. Retrieved October 1, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Who should it be? Have a say! SPD.de, June 24, 2019, accessed on July 3, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c d Decision of the party executive on July 2nd, 2019. (PDF) In: SPD.de. July 2, 2019, accessed July 22, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c Decision of the party board of June 24, 2019. SPD.de, June 24, 2019, accessed on September 1, 2019 .
- ↑ a b SPD chief search: Despondent, clueless, leaderless. In: Spiegel Online. August 7, 2019, accessed August 7, 2019 .
- ^ Hessenschau de, Frankfurt Germany: SPD district officially nominates Michael Roth for party chairmanship. July 8, 2019, accessed July 12, 2019 .
- ↑ Our SPD - Christina Kampmann & Michael Roth. Retrieved September 7, 2019 .
- ↑ Michael Roth and Christina Kampmann - these two politicians want to head the SPD. Retrieved July 3, 2019 .
- ↑ Application for SPD chairmanship by Kampmann and Roth. (PDF) In: michaelroth.eu. July 3, 2019, accessed July 3, 2019 .
- ↑ Our SPD - Nina Scheer & Karl Lauterbach. Retrieved September 7, 2019 .
- ↑ Further candidates for the SPD chairmanship: Scheer and Lauterbach collect the necessary supporters . In: Spiegel Online . August 16, 2019 ( spiegel.de ).
- ↑ Nina Scheer - Facebook post of August 18, 2019. Retrieved August 18, 2019 .
- ^ District SPD nominates Stegner and Schwan. Retrieved August 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Our SPD - Gesine Schwan & Ralf Stegner. Retrieved September 7, 2019 .
- ↑ Nahles successor: Schwan and Stegner apply for SPD chairmanship . In: Spiegel Online . August 14, 2019 ( spiegel.de [accessed August 14, 2019]).
- ↑ Gesine Schwan and Ralf Stegner apply for party leadership. Retrieved August 20, 2019 .
- ↑ Get a picture of Petra Köpping & Boris Pistorius! SPD, accessed on September 13, 2019 .
- ^ Next duo: Pistorius and Köpping are running for SPD chairmanship . In: Spiegel Online . August 16, 2019 ( spiegel.de [accessed on August 16, 2019]).
- ↑ Peter Tschentscher: Tweet from 08/20/2019. In: Twitter. August 20, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2019 .
- ↑ Our SPD - Klara Geywitz & Olaf Scholz. Retrieved September 7, 2019 .
- ↑ Fight for party leadership: Olaf Scholz wants to become SPD leader . In: Spiegel Online . August 16, 2019 ( spiegel.de [accessed on August 16, 2019]).
- ↑ FOCUS Online: Olaf Scholz applies with Klara Geywitz for SPD chairmanship. Retrieved August 20, 2019 .
- ^ Olaf Scholz and Klara Geywitz: Application for SPD chairmanship. Retrieved August 20, 2019 .
- ^ WDR: Federal Party Presidency: NRW-SPD nominates Norbert Walter-Borjans as a candidate. August 30, 2019, accessed August 30, 2019 .
- ^ Saskia Esken & Norbert Walter-Borjans. Retrieved September 7, 2019 .
- ↑ Saskia Esken: Tweet from August 31, 2019. In: Twitter. August 31, 2019, accessed August 31, 2019 .
- ↑ Saskia Esken: Twitter thread from August 28, 2019. In: Twitter. August 28, 2019. Retrieved August 28, 2019 .
- ↑ Nahles successor: Simone Lange applies again for SPD chairmanship . In: Spiegel Online . August 2, 2019 ( spiegel.de [accessed September 4, 2019]).
- ^ Dpa: parties: SPD duo Lange / Ahrens withdraws in favor of Esken / Walter-Borjans . In: The time . September 4, 2019, ISSN 0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed September 4, 2019]).
- ↑ Individual candidate Brunner leaves. Spiegel Online , September 16, 2019, accessed September 16, 2019 .
- ^ SPON: Mattheis and Hirschel withdraw their candidacy for SPD chairmanship . In: spiegel.de . Hamburg October 12, 2019 ( spiegel.de [accessed October 12, 2019]).
- ↑ http://www.mattheishirschel.de
- ↑ A 79-year-old and a new comrade want to become SPD bosses. Retrieved July 18, 2019 .
- ^ Daniela Greulich: Ex-member of the Bundestag - Hans Wallow from Bonn wants to become SPD leader. In: General-Anzeiger . July 15, 2019, accessed July 15, 2019 .
- ↑ Ulf Poschardt: SPD: Entrepreneur Robert Maier wants to run for party chairmanship . August 4, 2019 ( welt.de [accessed August 5, 2019]).
- ^ Robert Maier candidate for SPD party leadership. Retrieved August 23, 2019 .
- ↑ Kiel: SPD candidates introduce themselves. In: ndr.de. August 17, 2019, accessed August 22, 2019 .
- ^ Süddeutsche Zeitung: Kühnert rejects candidacy for SPD chairmanship. Retrieved August 28, 2019 .
- ↑ Böhmermann wants to become head of the SPD. In: Spiegel Online. August 29, 2019, accessed August 30, 2019 .
- ↑ # neustart19: Jan Böhmermann wants to become SPD leader. In: Hamburger Abendblatt. August 30, 2019, accessed August 30, 2019 .
- ↑ Does Böhmermann now have a party book? In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. August 31, 2019, accessed September 1, 2019 .
- ^ Peter Carstens, Berlin: FAZ exclusive: Family Minister Giffey promises to resign . ISSN 0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed August 15, 2019]).
- ^ ZEIT ONLINE: SPD: Hubertus Heil rejects candidacy for party chairmanship . In: The time . June 15, 2019, ISSN 0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed July 3, 2019]).
- ↑ Lars Klingbeil: #Our SPD. In: YouTube. August 20, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2019 .
- ↑ Christoph Hickmann, Veit Medick, Christian Teevs: Juso boss Kevin Kühnert: "I'm not going to" . In: Spiegel Online . August 28, 2019 ( spiegel.de [accessed August 28, 2019]).
- ↑ Jusos: For a coffee with Kevin Kühnert ☕ | Episode 17 | Party presidency. In: YouTube. August 28, 2019. Retrieved August 28, 2019 .
- ↑ WELT Online: Rehlinger expects further candidates for SPD chairmanship. Retrieved October 9, 2019 .
- ^ NDR: Nahles resignation: Weil has "no ambitions". Retrieved July 3, 2019 .
- ^ Ulrich Exner: SPD chairman: Stephan Weil renounces candidacy . August 20, 2019 ( welt.de [accessed August 20, 2019]).
- ↑ Who Could the Messiah be? In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . July 28, 2019 ( faz.net [accessed July 31, 2019]).
- ↑ We are choosing a new tip. Ask your questions and form your own opinion! In: SPD.de. Retrieved August 16, 2019 .
- ^ Benedikt Dittrich: Regional conference in Saarbrücken: This was the start of the tour for the SPD chairmanship. In: vorwaerts.de. September 4, 2019, accessed September 8, 2019 .
- ↑ Panagiotis Gavrilis: Regional Conference in Hanover - the battle for the SPD party chairmanship goes on. Deutschlandradio, September 7, 2019, accessed on September 8, 2019 .
- ^ Dörthe Hein: Third SPD regional conference in Bernburg. In: volksstimme.de. September 7, 2019, accessed September 8, 2019 .
- ↑ Candidates for SPD chairmanship introduce themselves to Bremen members - buten un inside. In: buten un inside. Radio Bremen, September 8, 2019, accessed on September 8, 2019 .
- ↑ The show of the SPD boss candidates in a quick check. In: Hessenschau.de. September 9, 2019, accessed September 19, 2019 .
- ↑ Applicants for the SPD chairmanship want more Rhineland-Palatinate in the federal government. In: SWR.de (Südwestrundfunk). September 10, 2019, accessed September 10, 2019 .
- ^ Martin Debes: Candidates for the SPD chairmanship in Erfurt - "The turnaround begins in Thuringia". Thüringer Allgemeine, September 12, 2019, accessed on September 13, 2019 .
- ↑ SPD candidate freelance in Nuremberg: "A home of world improvers". In: nordbayern.de. September 13, 2019, accessed September 13, 2019 .
- ↑ Large crowd at the SPD regional conference in Filderstadt. In: SWR.de (Südwestrundfunk). September 14, 2019, accessed September 15, 2019 .
- ↑ Lars Laue: Minister Pistorius lands on points in Oldenburg. In: NWZonline.de (Nordwest-Zeitung). September 15, 2019, accessed September 15, 2019 .
- ↑ No favorites in the SPD chairmanship: Roth: positive mood. Süddeutsche Zeitung, September 17, 2019, accessed on September 17, 2019 .
- ^ Georg Ismar, Paul Starzmann: Lived democracy in the shadow of the Willy Brandt sculpture. In: Tagesspiegel.de. September 17, 2019, accessed September 18, 2019 .
- ^ SPD regional conference : In Hamburg militant. In: NDR.de. September 18, 2019, accessed September 18, 2019 .
- ^ Carsten Korfmacher: Regional Conference: Show running around SPD chairmanship in Neubrandenburg. In: Nordkurier.de. September 20, 2019, accessed September 21, 2019 .
- ^ Stefan Böhnke: Candidates for SPD party leadership: Great interest. In: NDR.de (Norddeutscher Rundfunk). September 21, 2019, accessed September 21, 2019 .
- ^ Martin Ferber: Ettlingen: SPD regional conference under the sign of the climate debate. In: BNN.de (Baden's latest news). September 23, 2019, accessed September 23, 2019 .
- ↑ Dirk Breyvogel: With the SPD on a bowling tour in Braunschweig. In: Braunschweiger-Zeitung.de. September 27, 2019, accessed September 27, 2019 .
- ↑ Martin Teigeler: Race for SPD chairmanship: GroKo criticism in Kamen. In: WDR.de (Westdeutscher Rundfunk). September 28, 2019, accessed September 28, 2019 .
- ^ Kai Pfundt: SPD presents teams for party chairmanship in Troisdorf. In: General-Anzeiger . September 30, 2019, accessed September 30, 2019 .
- ^ Thorsten Metzner: SPD regional conference in Potsdam: Geywitz and Scholz without home advantage. In: PNN.de (Potsdam Latest News). October 1, 2019, accessed October 1, 2019 .
- ↑ Nina Magoley: The SPD and their shadow women. In: WDR.de (Westdeutscher Rundfunk). October 6, 2019, accessed October 6, 2019 .
- ↑ Karin Schlottmann: The big show of the SPD candidates. In: saechsische.de. October 10, 2019, accessed October 12, 2019 .
- ↑ Jan Drebes: Board election of the SPD: The ball is at the base. In: RP-online.de. October 12, 2019, accessed October 12, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Survey of SPD members on the chairmanship - Scholz and Geywitz in front. In: handelsblatt.com. August 26, 2019, accessed September 12, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Tom Nuttall: Tweet from August 26, 2019. In: Twitter. August 26, 2019, accessed on September 12, 2019 .
- ↑ SPD chairmanship will be decided in a runoff election , dw.com , October 26, 2019
- ↑ a b We choose a new tip. In: spd.de. Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), accessed October 30, 2019 .