Woźniki
| Woźniki | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Lubliniec | ||
| Area : | 71.01 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 35 ' N , 19 ° 4' E | ||
| Height : | 320 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 4,393 (December 31, 2017) | ||
| Postal code : | 42-289 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 36 | ||
| License plate : | SLU | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Lubliniec - Koniecpol | ||
| A1 motorway | |||
| Next international airport : | Katowice Airport | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Gmina structure: | 10 school offices | ||
| Surface: | 127.62 km² | ||
| Residents: | 9598 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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| Population density : | 75 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 2407083 | ||
| Administration (as of 2018) | |||
| Mayor : | Michał Aloszko | ||
| Address: | Rynek 11 42-289 Woźniki |
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| Website : | www.wozniki.pl | ||
Woźniki [ wɔʑˈniki ] ( German Woischnik , formerly Woschnik ) is a town in the Polish Silesian Voivodeship with around 4000 inhabitants and the capital of the town and country municipality of the same name, which has around 10,000 inhabitants.
Geographical location
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Woźniki is located in the east of the historical region of Upper Silesia near the border with Lesser Poland at 320 m above sea level. NHN , about 25 km south of Czestochowa and 20 km northeast of Tarnowitz . In the south of the municipality, 35.6% of which is covered by forests, the Malapane flows , which rises from numerous source streams nearby. The highest elevation in the municipality and also in northern Upper Silesia is the Grojetz mountain at 365 m .
history
The area around Woischnik was inhabited as early as prehistoric times, as evidenced by a cemetery of the Lusatian culture discovered in 1928 in the Piasek district . According to a legend, there was a border fortification on the Grojetz towards Lesser Poland , which, like all the villages in the area, was destroyed in 1241 during the campaign of the Golden Horde . The refugee population then settled in Woischnik, which became the center of the surrounding area. The first written mention of the village of Voznici in the diocese of Krakow (probably a remnant of the handover of the Lesser Poland area around Bytom to the Silesian Duchy of Ratibor in 1177 or 1179, which would have contradicted the legend mentioned above - the Lesser Poland-Silesian border between Woźniki and Koziegłowy in the Duchy of Siewierz only existed after its sale in 1443) but already comes from a document from the Krakow bishop Fulko from 1206. After 1270 Woischnik finally received market rights and was also the seat of a parish since the 13th century , for the first time in 1347 as Woznik in Cracow Deanery of Beuthen mentioned in a document. Despite the unfavorable border location, Woischnik flourished because it was connected to an important trade route from Wroclaw to Krakow, where a customs post was built in 1310 . So Woischnik was called a city for the first time in the same year. 1454 was the town charter by Duke Bernhard of Falkenberg and Strehlitz renewed after the seal of the city had been stolen as a result of the border conflict.
In 1742 the city fell to Prussia and even if Woischnik subsequently lost its town charter, it later regained a certain importance as a customs post on the border with the Russian Empire or Congress Poland . In 1815 Alexander's path to the Congress of Vienna led through the village. Mainly at the instigation of the mayor Julius Radlik, Woischnik was restored to town by royal decree in 1858.
Already in the 16th century had in the Woischnik and setting beside the craft , the industry in the form of iron hammers , mills and iron melts foothold, but their economic importance has declined since the industrialization in the 19th century due to competition for emerging Upper Silesian Industrial Region drastically . Further development and the cityscape suffered a severe blow from the devastating city fire of 1798. In the 19th century there were plans and permits to exploit the zinc , sulfur and hard coal deposits in the municipal area, but this was not addressed due to the lack of rail links and the location of the city. Although the construction of a railway line to Woischnik had been planned in 1912, due to the beginning of the First World War , the construction of a branch line to Woischnik did not take place until 1932, which was far too late for the construction of heavy industry . Small and medium-sized industrial and craft enterprises continued to dominate in Woischnik, which is why the small-town character of Woischnik was retained. As technical innovations, a telegraphic connection with Koschentin was introduced in 1876 and the telephone in 1902 . At the beginning of the 20th century, Voishnik had two Catholic churches and a synagogue .
The extensive forests around Woischnik, such as the Woischniker Stadtwald, belonged to the Henckel von Donnersmarck family - who wanted to participate in the mining in Woischnik - and were visited by Kaiser Wilhelm II .
After the referendum in Upper Silesia in 1921, Woischnik found himself in 1922 as Woźniki in the newly formed Polish Autonomous Voivodeship of Silesia and was no longer a border town. With the occupation by the Wehrmacht in World War II and later the assignment to the district of Loben , the place name Woischnik was provisionally reintroduced; the plans to change the name of the town, which indicates its Slavic origins, to Weißmarkt , however, were not realized. On January 20, 1945 Woźniki was occupied by the Red Army and placed under Polish administration by the Soviet Union after the end of the war .
The projected connection to the new Polish north-south connection, the A1 motorway , arouses economic expectations in particular.
Demographics
| year | population | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1782 | 527 | |
| 1816 | 904 | without Woschnik Castle (72 inhabitants) |
| 1825 | 972 | in the market town of Woźnik , including 31 Protestants, 915 Catholics, 26 Jews (excluding Woźnik Castle with 80 residents) |
| 1840 | 1259 | including 20 Evangelicals, 1189 Catholics, 50 Jews |
| 1855 | 1394 | without Woischnik Castle (manor and village with 174 inhabitants) |
| 1861 | 1478 | including ten Protestants, 1,397 Catholics, 71 Jews (excluding Woischnik Castle, manor and village with 158 inhabitants, including two Protestants, 155 Catholics and one Jew) |
| 1867 | 1620 | on December 3rd |
| 1871 | 1600 | According to other data, 1641 inhabitants (on December 1), of which 15 are Protestants, 1517 Catholics, 109 Jews (excluding Woischnik Castle with 186 inhabitants, including 180 Catholics) |
| 1885 | 1620 | without Woischnik Castle (198 inhabitants) |
| 1905 | 1411 | mostly Catholics |
| 1910 | 1359 | excluding the Woischnik forest estate (28 inhabitants) and the Woischnik castle and estate (182 inhabitants) |
Attractions
- The single-nave parish church of St. Catherine was first mentioned in 1346 and the parish church in the 14th century. It was taken over by the Protestants in 1570 and was their place of worship until 1628. At that time it was provided with a chapel and rebuilt in 1607, with its Gothic body taking on Renaissance forms . From 1617 to 1608 the wooden church tower was replaced by a stone structure. The city fire of 1798 also damaged the Katharinenkirche, which was then renovated in the late Baroque and Classicism styles by 1829 . The spire of the massive church tower also dates from this time.
- The scrap wood church of St. Valentin was first mentioned in 1497 as a wooden structure and was replaced by today's new building in the 16th century. The church is located in the south of the city, on the so-called Old Cemetery, which was originally only used as a burial place for unbaptized children and outlaws. There is also the grave of the writer Józef Lompas († 1863), who spent the last years of his life in Woischnik. A new cemetery was later laid out across the street. The church with its filigree tower is also a monument on the southern Polish route of wooden architecture.
- The center of the medieval town of Woischnik is the rectangular ring (market square) on which the classicist town hall was located from 1858 to 1862. On the ring and the chessboard-like side streets there are also some stone and wooden houses from 1799 and the time of reconstruction after the city fire and from the first half of the 19th century.
politics
Town twinning
The town of Woźniki has partnerships with the Czech town of Kravaře ( Deutsch-Krawarn ), the Slovak town of Lisková and Merseburg in Saxony-Anhalt .
coat of arms
The coat of arms of the city of Woźniki shows on a split shield in blue a half golden wheel at the front and a half golden eagle at the gap at the back. The oldest surviving image of the coat of arms was preserved on a document from 1661. As the heraldic animal of the Upper Silesian Piast Dukes, the Upper Silesian eagle symbolizes the elevation of Woischnik by them and can also be found in the same meaning on other city coats of arms in the region. The meaning of the wheel is not entirely clear. It used to be assumed that it was linked to the two wheels of the coat of arms of the noble Gashin family , whose domain Woischnik belonged from 1655 to 1803. Since the coat of arms is probably from the 14th / 15th centuries. Dating back to the 16th century, it is believed to act as a symbol of God's protection.
local community
The urban and rural municipality Woźniki is divided into the
- City of Woźniki with the school authorities :
- Czarny Las ( Helenenthal )
- Dyrdy ( Dyrden )
- Ligota Woźnicka ( Ellguth-Woischnik )
- Sośnica ( Soßnitz)
the villages with the school authorities:
- Babienica ( Babinitz )
- Drogobycza (Drogobitsch)
- Kamienica ( Kaminitz )
- Kamieńskie Młyny ( chimney seat mills )
- Lubsza ( Lubschau )
- Piasek ( Ludwigsthal )
- Psary ( Psaar )
and the places: Kolonia Woźnicka, Mzyki, Niwy, Okrąglik, Pakuły and Widawa.
Sons and daughters (selection)
- Carl Franz von Ballestrem (1750–1822), entrepreneur
literature
- Felix Triest : Topographical Handbook of Upper Silesia , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, pp. 455–456 .
- Lech Szaraniec: Zabytkowe ośrodki miejskie; Górny Śląsk i Małopolska . Muzeum Śląskie, Katowice 1996, ISBN 83-85039-52-X (Polish book about historical city facilities in Upper Silesia and Lesser Poland; including Woischnik)
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 20, Leipzig / Vienna 1909, p. 719 .
- ↑ January Ptaśnik (editor): Monumenta Poloniae Vaticana T.2 Acta Apostolicae Camerae. Vol. 2, 1344-1374 . Sums. Academiae Litterarum Cracoviensis, Cracoviae 1913, pp. 200 ( online ).
- ↑ Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth Description of the Prussian Monarchy , Volume 3, Part 1, Halle 1792, p. 39 .
- ↑ Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5, T – Z , Halle 1823, p. 191, numbers 3885 and 3886 .
- ↑ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Prussia. Province of Silesia, including the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia, which now belongs entirely to the province, and the County of Glatz; together with the attached evidence of the division of the country into the various branches of civil administration. Melcher, Breslau 1830, p. 867 .
- ^ Johann Georg Knie : Alphabetical-statistical-topographical overview of the villages, spots, cities and other places of the royal family. Preusz. Province of Silesia. 2nd Edition. Graß, Barth and Comp., Breslau 1845, p. 754 .
- ↑ a b Felix Triest : Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien , Wilh. Gottl. Korn, Breslau 1865, p. 427, paragraphs 67 and 68 .
- ^ A b Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the province of Silesia and their population. Based on the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. Berlin 1874, pp. 318–319, item 67 , and pp. 324–325, item 123
- ^ Gustav Neumann : The German Empire in geographical, statistical and topographical relation . Volume 2, GFO Müller, Berlin 1874, p. 172 .
- ↑ M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)
- ↑ gemeindeververzeichnis.de
