Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden
| Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden | |
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| Canton of the Swiss Confederation | |
| Abbreviation / license plate : | AI |
| Official language : | German |
| Main town : | Appenzell |
| Accession to the federal government : | 1513 |
| Area : | 172.48 km² |
| Height range : | 540–2502 m above sea level M. |
| Website: | www.ai.ch |
| population | |
| Residents: | 16,145 (December 31, 2018) |
| Population density : | 94 inhabitants per km² |
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Proportion of foreigners : (residents without citizenship ) |
11.3% (December 31, 2018) |
| Unemployment rate : | 1.0% (December 31, 2015) |
| Location of the canton in Switzerland | |
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| Map of the canton | |
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| Districts of the canton | |
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Appenzell Innerrhoden ( abbreviation AI ; in local Swiss German Appezöll Inneroode, French Appenzell Rhodes-Intérieures, Italian Appenzello Interno, Rhaeto-Romanic ) is a canton in German-speaking Switzerland and belongs to the region of Northeastern Switzerland and the Greater Region of Eastern Switzerland . The main town and at the same time the most populous place is Appenzell .
geography
overview
With 173 square kilometers, Appenzell Innerrhoden is the second smallest canton after Basel-Stadt .
In the canton, 56.0 percent of the total area is used as agricultural land .
Location of the canton
The canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden borders on the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden and the canton of St. Gallen .
The highest mountain is the Säntis ( 2502 m above sea level ) in the Alpstein , on which the borders of the three cantons of Appenzell Innerrhoden, Appenzell Ausserrhoden and St. Gallen meet. Due to the fragmentation of the canton into three areas, there are six such border meeting points. The Säntis is the southernmost and westernmost of these.
population
overview
The inhabitants of the canton are called Innerrhoder or Innerrhöd (e) ler , close to the dialect . They are considered conservative and have a Roman Catholic influence. At December 31, 2018, the population of the canton of Appenzell Inner Rhodes was 16 ' 214. The population density is 93 people per square kilometer far below the Swiss average (207 inhabitants per square kilometer).
The proportion of foreigners (registered residents without Swiss citizenship ) was 11.3 percent on December 31, 2018, while 25.1 percent were registered nationwide.
As of December 31, 2015, the unemployment rate was 1.0 percent compared to 3.7 percent at the federal level.
languages
The factual official language is German . The spoken Swiss-German dialects belong to the High Alemannic and, within this, to the Eastern Swiss dialect . They stand out from the rest of the Eastern Swiss dialect continuum on the one hand through numerous older sounds and words, on the other hand through their own innovations .
Religions - denominations
The canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden is a Roman Catholic canton. Its territory separated in 1597 as part of the land division from the evangelical-reformed part of what would become Appenzell Ausserrhoden.
According to a survey by the Federal Statistical Office from 2018 to 87.3 percent of the population profess Canton from 15 years to Christianity : 74.5 percent Roman Catholic, 9.8 percent Evangelical Reformed denomination and 3.0 percent are other Christian denominations at . The proportion of other religious communities in the population aged 15 and over is 3.3 percent, while 9.4 percent describe themselves as non-denominational .
history
→ Main article History of the Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden
The canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden , like Ausserrhoden, a member of the Confederation since 1513, formed the canton of Appenzell together with the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden before the Counter-Reformation . In 1597, Appenzell split peacefully into two half-cantons ( land division ), the reformed Appenzell Ausserrhoden and the Catholic Appenzell Innerrhoden. Today these are represented in the Swiss Council of States with only one instead of two seats. Otherwise, the half-cantons are now independent cantons, like the other cantons in Switzerland.
After the Landsgemeinde -Kanton Appenzell had been built up semi-democratically in the Middle Ages, an elitist upper class developed in Innerrhoden like in the other cantons in Innerrhoden, which ruled the canton arrogantly, individual families dominated politics. Only with the Helvetic Republic (temporarily and under foreign rule by France) and then in the 19th century more democratic conditions emerged again.
Appenzell Innerrhoden was the last Swiss canton, following a federal court decision of November 27, 1990, that had to introduce women's right to vote against the will of (male) voters against the will of (male) voters at the cantonal level.
Constitution and Politics
The current constitution for the federal state of Appenzell I. Rh. Dates from the 24th winter month [November] 1872 and has been changed several times since then, for example at the end of the 20th century when the separation of powers was given greater consideration and the court organization was revised.
legislative branch
Landsgemeinde
The Landsgemeinde , which is held annually in Appenzell - usually on the last Sunday in April - is the assembly of the canton's residents who are entitled to vote and is its highest body. In addition to the paper voting card, men can also show the so-called "side rifle" as a voting card. In the past it was actually a rifle, today it is mostly an inherited rapier , optionally also a bayonet or saber . The vote is done by a show of hands.
Every law is subject to voting in the Landsgemeinde ( mandatory referendum ).
Financial decisions of the Grand Council are subject to a vote by the Landsgemeinde if they amount to at least CHF 1,000,000 once or at least CHF 200,000 over a period of at least five years. Optionally, financial decisions are subject to a vote by the Landsgemeinde if they amount to at least CHF 250,000 once or at least CHF 50,000 over a period of at least five years ( financial referendum ). The wages for the state staff are withdrawn from the referendum.
Every single resident entitled to vote and vote has the right to submit an initiative which aims to amend the constitution or to enact, amend or repeal a law. Such initiatives must be submitted to the Landsgemeinde for a vote.
Great advice
The cantonal parliament is the Grand Council . Its most important task is the preliminary consultation of the constitution and bills for the attention of the rural community. Furthermore, it issues ordinances and regulations for the implementation of the canton's legislation and monitors the course of business of all authorities. In addition, it checks and approves the annual accounts, sets the budget and the tax rate and makes decisions about granting land rights (citizenship). After all, he has the right to pardon.
The seat of the professional ethics committee and the management of the Grand Council by the Landammann were eliminated in 1995.
With the new elections in 2015, a new regulation came into force, according to which the number of Grand Council members is set at 50. Each of the six districts has at least four representatives. The remaining 26 mandates are distributed according to the number of inhabitants. According to the previously applicable regulation, each district elected one member per 300 residents from among the voters residing in its area, with a fraction of more than 150 district residents also entitling a district to one representative. For this reason, the number of members of the Grand Council has so far been variable.
The term of office of the Grand Council is four years. In most of the districts, elections take place in open district parishes, but in Oberegg at the ballot box.
Distribution of seats per district (2019): Appenzell: 18; Schwende: 7; Rüte: 11; Schlatt-Haslen: 4; Gonten: 4; Oberegg: 6; Total: 50. There are a total of 12 women and 38 men in the Grand Council.
Executive - professional ethics committee
The cantonal government is the professional ethics committee, which is elected annually by the parish. It has seven members, each of whom has traditional office titles and heads their departments. The professional ethics committee has only a limited self-constitution: four of its members are directly elected to the respective office by the electorate, the other three are assigned their offices by the professional ethics committee. Governing and standing landammann alternate every two years.
Roland Inauen has been the governing Landammann since 2019 . At the rural community on 28 April 2019 Roland Dähler (independent) to the successor to the retiring Landammann Daniel Fässler as resting Landammann selected. Jakob Signer (non-party) was elected as the successor of Martin Bürki, who died in 2019. The other members of the professional ethics committee were confirmed in their offices.
| Government Council | title | Political party | department |
|---|---|---|---|
| Roland Inauen | Governing Landammann | independent | Education Department |
| Roland Dähler | Landammann standing still | independent | Department of Economic Affairs |
| Antonia Fässler | Governor | CVP | Health and Social Department |
| Ruedi Eberle | Bag master | SVP | Finance Department |
| Stefan Müller | Governor | independent | Agriculture and Forestry Department |
| Ruedi Ulmann | Client | CVP | Building and Environment Department |
| Jakob Signer | State Ensign | independent | Justice, Police and Military Departments |
Until the professional ethics committee was downsized from nine to seven members in 1996, there was also the state witness responsible for the military and the poor man responsible for social affairs .
Judiciary
The current Court Organization Act, which specifies the constitutional provisions on the courts, is dated April 25, 2010.
In each district there is an intermediary office upstream of the first court instance. The first court instance is the two district courts elected by the districts for the Inner Land and the Oberegg exclave. The second court instance is the civil and criminal court department of the cantonal court in Appenzell elected by the rural community .
There is also an arbitration board for rent and non-agricultural leases, an arbitration board for gender equality issues and a juvenile court for the entire canton. The first two are elected by the professional ethics committee, the latter by the grand council.
The administrative jurisdiction is exercised by the administrative court department of the Cantonal Court.
The Spangericht, the "disputes in rem, insofar as these concerned corridor and pasture, springs and wells, brook and wood, footbridge and path", and the court of cassation , which was responsible for annulment suits and complaints, were repealed in 1998.
Districts
The districts are the local administrative units in the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden. They correspond to the political communes of other cantons and are therefore often referred to as communes in statistics etc. The districts emerged from the former Rhodes in 1872 .
All six districts as of December 31, 2018 are listed below:
| District (place) | Residents | Proportion of foreigners in percent |
|---|---|---|
| Appenzell | 5846 | 18.3 |
| Schwende | 2199 | 9.9 |
| Rute | 3652 | 5.5 |
| Schlatt-Haslen | 1130 | 3.0 |
| Gonten | 1465 | 4.7 |
| Oberegg | 1922 | 8.4 |
Since the village of Appenzell ( Appenzell , Schwende and Rüte ) is divided up into different districts, a special community was founded as early as the 16th century for cross-community tasks, the fire show community , which includes the village of Appenzell with its outlying quarters. Today the fire show community is responsible for the construction police, the fire brigade and the water and energy supply. Schwende and Rüte also share the village of Weissbad .
The designation for a district president is district captain , the deputy is referred to as a standing district captain . The main men have similar functions to mayors of other cantons.
The structural reform planned by the Grand Council, according to which the Inner Land (the entire canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden except for Oberegg) should be merged into a single district, was rejected by the Landsgemeinde on April 29, 2012. Voluntary mergers of individual districts remain possible.
Appenzell Innerrhoden in the federal government
As the original half-canton, Appenzell Innerrhoden has one seat in the Council of States . The canton is currently entitled to one seat in the National Council , in which the seats are allocated according to the number of inhabitants.
- Council of States: Daniel Fässler, since 2019
- National Council: Thomas Rechsteiner, since 2019
Customs
Alpfahrt and Alpabfahrt: The farmers bring their cows in spring on the Alp for summer grazing and pick them up in the fall again. The traditional costume is often worn and the farmers are accompanied by Appenzell mountain dogs .
literature
- Josef Küng, Achilles Weishaupt: Appenzell (Innerrhoden). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Rainald Fischer: The Art Monuments of the Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden (= The Art Monuments of Switzerland, Volume 74). Birkhäuser AG, Basel 1984, ISBN 3-7643-1629-2 .
Web links
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References and comments
- ↑ Balance of the permanent resident population by canton, definitive annual results, 2018. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 27, 2019, accessed on September 18, 2019 (definitive annual results).
- ^ Structure of the permanent resident population by cantons. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 27, 2020, accessed on November 21, 2020 .
- ^ The situation on the job market in December 2015. (PDF; 807 kB) State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), January 8, 2016, p. 9 , archived from the original on January 12, 2016 ; accessed on January 13, 2016 .
- ↑ Source: Statistics for the EUREGIO Lake Constance. In: Listed! The ten districts of the Lake Constance region,… In: Südkurier from February 25, 2011 and in: Ders. dated July 2, 2011.
- ↑ 1597 - The division of land. The Appenzellerland is divided into two half cantons. (No longer available online.) Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden, archived from the original on June 20, 2015 ; Retrieved June 20, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Björn Hengst: Appenzell Innerrhoden: In the canton of fear of foreigners. Spiegel Online , February 11, 2014, accessed June 20, 2015 .
- ↑ Jörg Krummenacher: Characteristics and values at the foot of the Alpstein. Appenzell Innerrhoden tries to preserve its political and cultural identity with pragmatic action. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ), August 4, 2011, accessed on June 20, 2015 .
- ↑ Balance of the permanent resident population by canton, definitive annual results, 2018. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 27, 2019, accessed on September 18, 2019 (definitive annual results).
- ^ Structure of the permanent resident population by cantons. Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 27, 2020, accessed on November 21, 2020 .
- ^ The situation on the job market in December 2015. (PDF; 807 kB) State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), January 8, 2016, p. 9 , archived from the original on January 12, 2016 ; accessed on January 13, 2016 .
- ^ Rudolf Hotzenköcherle : The language landscapes of German Switzerland. Sauerländer, Aarau, Frankfurt am Main, Salzburg 1984 (series Sprachlandschaften der Schweiz 1), ISBN 3-7941-2623-8 ; here: the northeast. Pp. 91-124.
- ↑ Jakob Vetsch : The sounds of the Appenzell dialect. Frauenfeld 1910 (contributions to Swiss German grammar I).
- ^ Stefan Sonderegger , Thomas Gadmer: Appenzeller Sprachbuch. The Appenzell dialect in all its diversity. Appenzell / Herisau 1999.
- ^ Joe Manser: Innerrhoder dialect. Dialect words and idioms from Appenzell Innerrhoden. Appenzell 2001, ISBN 3-9520024-9-6 (4th, extended edition, Appenzell 2008).
- ↑ Since the last census in 2000, there are no more precise figures on the religious affiliation of the total population (of all ages) in the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden. However, the Federal Statistical Office has been carrying out sample surveys on the religious communities in the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden since 2010, with people aged 15 and over being interviewed. It should be noted that the results of the surveys have a confidence interval. See also census in Switzerland # structure survey .
- ↑ Federal Statistical Office: Religious affiliation according to various characteristics in the cantons, 2018. (XLSX; 378 kB) 2020, accessed on May 5, 2020 .
- ^ F. Schaffer: Outline of Swiss History , 1972
- ↑ Constitution for the Federal State of Appenzell I. Rh. (PDF; 143 kB ) Adopted by the Extraordinary Landsgemeinde on the 24th winter month of 1872. (No longer available online.) Federal state Appenzell Innerrhoden, archived from the original on August 9, 2014 ; accessed on July 31, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Landsgemeinde, website of the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden (accessed on December 22, 2019).
- ^ Symbolic rural community. In: St. Galler Tagblatt , April 30, 2011
- ↑ Results of the regular rural community of April 30, 2017 on the regional community square in Appenzell. (PDF; 70 kB) Council Chancellery of the Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden, April 30, 2017, accessed on May 23, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Results of the Landsgemeinde of April 29, 2018. (PDF; 32 kB) Council Chancellery of the Canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden, April 29, 2018, accessed on May 13, 2018 .
- ↑ Peter Steiner: witness. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- ↑ Judicial Organization Act (GOG) of April 25, 2010. (PDF; 114 kB) (No longer available online.) Federal state Appenzell Innerrhoden, archived from the original on August 9, 2014 ; accessed on July 31, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 .
- ↑ Our Inner Rhodes in numbers. (PDF; 1.61 MB) Cantonal Administration of Appenzell Innerrhoden, p. 2 , accessed on December 22, 2019 (population data according to the residents' registration of the canton of Appenzell Innerrhoden).
- ↑ Innerrhoder Landsgemeinde rejects district merger. Martin Bürki new member of the government. Neue Zürcher Zeitung (NZZ), April 29, 2012, accessed on July 31, 2014 .
Aargau (AG) | Appenzell Ausserrhoden (AR) | Appenzell Innerrhoden (AI) | Basel-Country (BL) | Basel-City (BS) | Bern (BE) | Freiburg (FR) | Geneva (GE) | Glarus (GL) | Graubünden (GR) | Law (JU) | Lucerne (LU) | Neuchâtel (NE) | Nidwalden (NW) | Obwalden (OW) | Schaffhausen (SH) | Schwyz (SZ) | Solothurn (SO) | St. Gallen (SG) | Ticino (TI) | Thurgau (TG) | Uri (UR) | Vaud (VD) | Valais (VS) | Zug (ZG) | Zurich (ZH)
Coordinates: 47 ° 20 ' N , 9 ° 26' E ; CH1903: 750428 / 244278