Citizen
| Municipality of Búger | |||
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| coat of arms | Map of Spain | ||
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| Basic data | |||
| Autonomous Community : | Balearic Islands | ||
| Island: | Mallorca | ||
| Comarca : | Raiguer | ||
| Coordinates | 39 ° 46 ′ N , 2 ° 59 ′ E | ||
| Height : | 105 msnm | ||
| Area : | 8.27 km² | ||
| Residents : | 1,050 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||
| Population density : | 126.96 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Postal code : | 07311 | ||
| Municipality number ( INE ): | 07009 | ||
| Nearest airport : | Palma ( Son Sant Joan / Palma de Mallorca , 32 km ) | ||
| administration | |||
| Official language : | Catalan , Castilian | ||
| Mayor : | Linus Siquier ( Més ) | ||
| Website : | www.ajbuger.net | ||
| Location of the municipality | |||
Mallorca
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Búger is the smallest municipality in terms of area on the Spanish Balearic island of Mallorca .
Statistical data
The municipality of Búger has an area of 8.27 km² with 1050 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2019). This corresponds to a population density of 127 people per km². The place Búger itself has 820 inhabitants. In 2006 the proportion of foreigners was 16.7% (177), the proportion of German residents 4.1% (44). In 1991 90.34% of the population were Mallorcan, 6.19% came from other Spanish provinces and only 3.47% were foreigners. The highest population was recorded in 1860 with 1,228 inhabitants. Part of the population has no school education (73 inhabitants), the majority have a primary school certificate (423 inhabitants) or secondary school leaving certificate (196 people) and only a few have a university degree (22 people). The official languages are Catalan ( català ) and Castilian ( castellano ). The spoken on the island Catalan dialect is Mallorquí called.
geography
location
Búger is located between Campanet and Sa Pobla in the northern part of Mallorca in the Raiquer district and is surrounded by a chain of hills 80 to 105 meters high, to which a plain connects to the west, south and east. The small Torrent de Can Llobina and the large Torrent de Massanelle flow through this plain .
climate
In Búger, rainfall is recorded all year round. The driest month is July with an average of 10.1 l / m². The highest amount of precipitation is recorded in October with 80.9 l / m². Key data on water damage are October 9-11, 1842, when it rained so heavily that the water mill was destroyed.
history
The name Búger comes from the Moorish prehistory of the city. There was only one farmstead here, of which nothing remained except the name of the place: Bujar de Rahal Algebel . In the book on the division of Mallorca (from 1232) the municipality of Búger appears as a well-known farm.
Although it is the smallest municipality in Mallorca, Búger has a considerable historical legacy. The first human traces are left in the cave of Can Mossenya on the southern slope of the Puig de Sa Mata Grossa . the talayotic settlement of Rafal de Puig is another important find from the prehistory of the talayotic culture . At the time of the Romans , the settlement was promoted by the proximity to the Roman road Palma-Pollentia. Under the Arabs , good irrigation conditions favored the construction of water mills and allowed vegetable cultivation to flourish.
When the Catalans conquered the island in 1229 and divided it up, the village was placed under the kingdom of Barcelona . Due to protracted supremacy struggles in the political and ecclesiastical field between Campanet and Sa Pobla in the 13th and 14th centuries, Búger - like Ullaró - initially belonged to Campanet. Later, in the course of the amalgamation policy, Sa Pobla was given priority and from 1368 Búger and Ullaró belonged to the municipality of Campanet. Búger was represented on the local council by four council members, a lay judge and an appraisal officer.
Agriculture and animal husbandry became increasingly important in the 14th century. Large landowners held such important positions as aldermen, mayor and city council. The peasants took part in the national uprising (1451-1453), some landowners support the popular uprisings of the guild brotherhoods (1521-1523) against nobles and their privileges. Peasants and craftsmen revolts more and more often ended in banditry and in 1666 led to a general persecution of the rebels. All these historical twists and turns reflect the vitality of this seemingly insignificant spot.
Between 1563 and 1576, the citizens of Búger built their first church, the Església de Sant Pere, and in 1599 the chapels of Roser and Sant Jordi .
The city's population was of the following on this positive era plague infested and banditry increased. The 17th century saw a period of economic and demographic growth. In 1700 the place had 863 inhabitants and on the occasion of Vicar Paieres Estrany a new church was built.
The War of the Spanish Succession (1700–1715) confronted the Bourbons and Habsburgs . At the end of the 18th century a certain trade flourished in Búger, which was reflected in a more spacious construction, improvements in agriculture and other things. Noble families from Palma , Inca or Sa Pobla owned important properties in Búger. Craftsmen and day laborers formed the social class at the end of the 18th century.
The reforms that liberalism brought with it at the end of the 19th century resulted in Búger becoming an independent municipality with the constitution of Cádiz , even if the church did not become independent until 1913.
| year | 1842 | 1877 | 1887 | 1900 | 1910 | 1920 | 1930 | 1940 | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residents | 1,145 | 1,221 | 1,239 | 1,173 | 1,176 | 1,155 | 1,205 | 1,086 | 1,026 | 1,033 | 1,021 | 1,019 | 921 | 950 | 1,047 |
politics
Political life after independence during the Restoration was shaped by the hegemony of the Mascaró family . Pere Josep Mascaró held the post of mayor from 1872 to 1896 and Antoni Mascaró from 1902 to 1917. In Búger, however, in contrast to other areas of Mallorca, this feudalist predominance of the large landowners was weakened by the emergence of a significant group of small and medium-sized landowners, craftsmen, especially cobblers and emigrants who returned to their homeland with new ideas. This situation still prevails today. Today the political leadership lies with the UM party, which also provides the mayor Miquel Amengual Martorell and the 1st city councilor Francisco Sebastià Ferrer . UM ( Unió Mallorquina ) A party that has set itself the goal of using its own political instruments, far from the guidelines of the party friends in Madrid, to shape the future of Mallorca. Founded in October 1992 from the UCD (Unió de Center Democràtic) (Democratic Center Union in Madrid ).
Culture and sights
Although the municipality of Búger is the smallest on the island, it is a beautiful landscape that has some art treasures. The Torrent de Búger should be emphasized here, which forms a natural border to the south. This stream flows past holm oaks and used to operate a water mill. Also to be emphasized are the large forest areas, which are a good example of the formerly dense holm oak forest on the flat part of the island. Unfortunately, these forests have been severely degraded by human hands. The diverse landscape contributed to the fact that people settled here as early as the early 19th century.
The interesting thing about Búger himself are not outstanding buildings, but the harmony in the construction of the individual buildings, which extend to the small hill called Búger. The estates of Son Alemany, Son Catxo, Son Costa, Son Genet, Ses Planes, Son Pons and Es Rafal are the most important in the area. The 8 windmills, which are located in the east of the municipality and were operated by the wind from the bay of Alcúdia, can be seen from afar. The church of Sant Pere , a beautiful 17th century church, is very close by . The Foundation for Acoustic Creation Fundacion Àrea Creació Acústica (ACA) is known beyond the borders of Mallorca. The concert hall, recording studio and office are housed in an old farmhouse, where the musician Antonio Caimari worked .
Other sights of the place Búger are
- Molí de Can Garindo : Currently the only restored winged windmill.
- Molí de Can Barraca : The mills determine the appearance of Búger.
- Rosary retable : also referred to as mystery retable; dates from the end of the 16th century and depicts the five mysteries of pain, joy and bliss.
- Fundació ACA ( Àrea de Creació Acústica , lit.: area for acoustic creation): the center for modern music was founded in 1979 by the composer Antoni Caimari i Alomar. From 1985 it is under the protection of the Ministry of Culture of the Balearic Government.
- Creus de Terme : The way crosses used to play a major role in the Easter processions.
- Església de Sant Pere : In the middle of the 16th century, the Bishop of Mallorca gave Búger permission to build his own church, because until then, because it was impossible for them to go to Campanet, many citizens had to die without receiving the sacraments.
- Church organ : The organ builder Pere Josep Bosch built the organ of the church of Sant Pere in the monastery of Campos in 1763. It consists of a double manual, a main organ with eleven individual inserts and a stool. The pedal is connected to the manual by seven keys.
Festivals in Búger
- Feria del Jai , fair, on the first weekend of May. Here the main street becomes a market place. Agricultural goods are displayed in front of the church. Behind the church there is an animal show with horses, poultry, sheep and much more. A stage has also been set up next to the market. Locally known groups perform here who play Mallorcan rock with typical instruments. The entire village dances to this music in a way that it e.g. B. does not exist in Germany. The stage is moved to the parish hall late in the evening and the celebration does not end until the early hours of the morning. On Sunday the big community dinner takes place in the main square.
- Festa de Sant Pere , patron saint , on June 29th and 30th.
Markets in Búger
Weekly market: Saturdays, Carrer Major
economy
tourism
Búger hardly plays a role in mass tourism, otherwise the “Fundacion Àrea Creació Acústica” (ACA), the foundation for contemporary music, would also be in the wrong place. The sleepy, tiny town, crouching on two hills, where the village bar with its Cuina mallorquina kitchen is still a social center, only attracts visitors to the concerts that Antoni Caimari organizes. The upscale agrotourism , which has been promoted for years, has set new standards with the Agro-Hotel Son Pons, which is located in the municipality of Buger. This is a sizable estate with over 150,000 m² of floor space.
In 1990 the property was placed under nature protection and a general hunting ban was imposed. The main house dates back to the 16th century and was restored taking into account the peculiarities of the earlier construction methods on the island: For example, reeds, ceiling beams and stone walls ( Tanca wall ) were preserved, but at the same time state-of-the-art facilities such as central heating and air conditioning were installed. Due to its historical value, the house is also mentioned in the encyclopedia of Mallorca.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).
literature
- Between 1869 and 1891, a nine-volume monumental work by the famous traveler Archduke Lluis Salvador was published in Leipzig , it is still a reliable and precise testimony to that era, The Balearic Islands in words and pictures (original edition 1897)
- Ramón Llull: Secreta secretorum (original edition 1592)
- David Abulafia: El reino catalán de Mallorca (original edition Barcelona 1996)
- Francesc Borja Moll: Històrica catalan (original edition Valencia 1991)