Calvià

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Calvià municipality
coat of arms Map of Spain
Calvià coat of arms
Calvià (Spain)
Finland road sign 311 (1994-2020) .svg
Basic data
Autonomous Community : Balearic Islands
Island: Mallorca
Comarca : Serra de Tramuntana
Coordinates 39 ° 34 '  N , 2 ° 30'  O coordinates: 39 ° 34 '  N , 2 ° 30'  O
Height : 143  msnm
Area : 144.97 km²
Residents : 50,559 (Jan 1, 2019)
Population density : 348.75 inhabitants / km²
Postal code : 07184
Municipality number  ( INE ): 07011
Nearest airport : Palma ( Son Sant Joan / Palma de Mallorca , 20 km )
administration
Official language : Catalan , Castilian
Mayor : Alfonso Rodríguez Badal ( PSOE )
Address of the municipal administration: C / de Julià Bujosa Sans, Batle, 1 - 07184 Calvià
Website : www.calvia.com
Location of the municipality
Mallorca
Location of the municipality of Calvià

Calvià is a municipality on the Spanish Balearic -Insel Mallorca .

location

The municipality of Calvià is located in the west of the island of Mallorca, in the Pariatge region. It borders Estellencs and Puigpunyent in the north, Palma in the east , Andratx in the west and the Mediterranean Sea in the south.

A number of places and urbanizations belong to the municipality of Calvià. These use the same seal of quality and have the same identifying features, although each of these places has peculiarities that characterize it: Cas Català - Illetes, Bendinat - Portals Nous , Magaluf , Palmanova , Santa Ponça , Peguera , Calvià Vila and es Capdellà.

The municipality has a 54 km long coastal strip and an extensive forest area in the interior. The sun shines here 300 days a year.

The area around Calvià is protected from the north winds by the Tramuntana mountains and by numerous forests that can be hiked all year round. Various native plant species, such as the Aleppo pine, grow on the rocky coasts . On the cliffs of Banc d'Eivissa and Illot del Toro off the coast there is a special type of lizard that is only found in the Balearic Islands.

statistics

The municipality of Calvià has an area of ​​144.97 km² and 50,559 inhabitants (as of January 1, 2019) compared to 28,748 inhabitants (1996). This corresponds to a population density of 349 people per km². Thus Calvià has overtaken Manacor and is now the second largest municipality on the island (although the town of Calvià has remained very small with less than a twentieth of the municipality population, while the majority of Manacor's inhabitants live in the city itself). In 2006 the proportion of foreigners was 29.4% (13,312), the proportion of German residents was 6.7% (3,031). Over ten mountains belong to this municipality, the Puig de Galatzò being the highest with 1027 m and the Puig d'en Saragossa with 187 m the lowest.

In 1991 43.87% of the population were Mallorcans, 44.42% came from other Spanish provinces and 11.45% were foreigners. Until 1960 this community only had 3,000 inhabitants. From this point on, the population increased slowly at first but steeply since the 1970s .

Landscape near Calvià
Calvias Political Map

Places of the community

The following places belong to the municipality of Calvià:

The population figures in brackets are from January 1, 2008. The first number indicates the residents of the built-up areas, the second number the residents of the towns, including the “scattered” population outside the actual settlements. (Source: INE )

education

Part of the population (1996) had no school education (128 inhabitants), most of the inhabitants had an elementary school certificate (EGB, 8 years) (6631 inhabitants) or the secondary school leaving certificate (BUP, 12 years) (4641 people) and only (775 people) ) had a university degree.

history

The origin of the name Calvià is not clear. There are some indications that the name comes from the Latin "caluus calb" because it is a very dry area with hardly any vegetation. Another theory is that the name comes from the Roman, although the exact origin is uncertain. In the 12th century Calvià became a municipality with the original name of Saint Ihoannes Caviano. As St. John was venerated here, a lamb appears on the community's coat of arms. The latter is only a guess.

The municipality of Calvià, together with Palma, were the two main focuses of the conquest of Mallorca in 1229 by King Jaume I , who went ashore in front of Santa Ponça . In memory of this event, a cross was erected on the spot where the monarch first touched the ground.

Prehistoric time

The first traces of human civilization in Calvià go back to 2000 BC. BC back. It was mostly cattle breeders who developed from the most important culture of the Balearic Islands: the Talayot ​​culture , which in turn was very much influenced by the various merchant peoples of the Mediterranean.

Roman times

From this epoch, which started from 123 BC. Lasted from AD 425 to AD 425, the Roman city of Sa Mesquida is one of the few Roman finds on Mallorca. In 425, the Germanic Vandals eliminated Roman rule. Mallorca became part of the Vandal Kingdom in North Africa.

middle Ages

In 534 the Eastern Roman general Belisarius conquered the island. Mallorca became part of the Eastern Roman Empire. During the Islamic expansion, the island went to the Arabs in 707, whose culture has left its mark on Mallorca. The municipality of Calvià was part of the administrative area of ​​Juz'd'Ahwaz al-Madina. Since the year 903 Mallorca was conquered first by the North African Almoravids and later by the Almohads , and thus part of the Taifen Kingdom.

But it was Jaume I and his march of conquest that had the strongest influence on Mallorcan culture. This Catalan-Aragonian king landed in Santa Ponça on September 10, 1229 and, according to official writings such as the "Llibre del Repartiment", transferred the property of the municipality of Calvià and all neighboring parishes to the Bishop of Barcelona Berenguer de Palou. So this area remained in the possession of the Kingdom and the Church, and this situation created a certain tension. The problem was later solved by the formula of “Pariatge”. During this time the cities of Calvià and Capdellà grew and developed.

The city of Calvià was founded as such in 1285, during the reign of Jaumes II , son of Jaumes I. Jaume I brought the Christian faith back to Mallorca.

Torre de Cap Andritxol near Peguera

Since the island was ravaged by numerous North African pirates in the Middle Ages, it was necessary to build a defense system based on the construction of numerous towers. In the 16th century, J. Binimelis worked out a plan aimed at checking the locations of towers that had already been built and determining new locations. Of a total of 14 towers in the territory of the municipalities of Calvià and Andratx, 12 still exist today.

The modern age

In the 16th century, Calvià was finally freed from the bubonic plague, which was responsible for the deaths of many people at that time. At the beginning of the eighteenth century there was a prolonged period of drought in this zone, and thus a severe famine. In 1715, Majorca was ruled by King Philip V , who pushed the castellanization of the island by decree (Nova Planta) and with the help of the upper classes.

Contemporary age

Driven by hunger and chronic poverty, many Calvià residents had to emigrate to Algeria, Cuba, Argentina and France in the nineteenth century.

The labor movement has always played an important role in Calvià's political life. Proof of this is the founding of the Calviàs labor movement in 1923, which was part of the labor union. Two other organizations were later set up: the Calviàs Agricultural Union and the Brotherly Workers' Union. The political events during the second republic were characterized by socialist thinking. This influence would last for many years.

The boom in tourism

With the increase in tourism at the beginning of the 1960s, regional agriculture decreased to the same extent and Calvià became a tourist center. Tourism brought with it a rapid development of the construction and service sectors, which also had a positive effect on the labor market; immigration from the mainland also increased.

Archaeological finds

The archaeological finds in the municipality of Calviàs are among the most numerous and best cataloged on the island. Calvià has one of the most valuable archaeological remains, both in the type of finds and in the quality of the excavated material. Thanks to these finds, a large part of the prehistory of Santa Ponsa could be traced. This enabled the establishment of an archaeologically protected zone and the early creation of an archaeological park: the park of Puig de sa Morisca .

The main archaeological sites are:

  • Naveta Alemany
  • Puig de Sa Morisca (Talaiotic Age)
  • Turó de Ses Abelles (End of the Talaiotic Age)
  • Sa Mesquida (Roman Age)
Number of inhabitants
(source: INE )
year 1842 1877 1887 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1981 1991 2001 2011
Residents 1,875 2.711 2,606 2,551 2,640 2,649 2,769 2,633 2,219 2,914 3,579 11,777 20,982 35,977 52,451

climate

In Calvià, rainfall is recorded throughout the year. The driest month is July with an average of 7.8 l / m². The highest amount of precipitation is recorded in December with 81.1 l / m². The highest amount of precipitation was registered on November 8, 1950, on the day fell 150 l / m².

Its pleasant and stable climate offers an average temperature of 27 ° C in summer and 14 ° C in winter. The sun shines on an average of 300 days per year on an area of ​​around 145 km² and 54 km of coastline.

Flora and fauna

Monk Parakeets in Santa Ponsa

The so-called "esclata-sang" (a variety of highly valued, edible mushrooms), orchids and sea thistles (cardo de playa) stand out from the biodiversity of its flora. There are also some endemic species, such as the so-called “Saladina” in Magaluf, or the white primroses (Primaveras blancas) that grow near the summit of Galatzó. The Aleppo pine , the carob tree , the almond tree , the olive tree and the fig tree are some of the most widespread tree species in the municipality of Calvià. There are also a number of aromatic plants, such as rosemary , thyme and other protected species, such as the dwarf palm , the myrtle or the sedge tree .

In the area of ​​fauna in the municipality of Calvià, it should be emphasized that the area between Cala Figuera, Refeubetx, El Toro and the Malgrats archipelago, due to its outstanding importance as a nesting place and as a growth area for various interesting species of seabirds, is internationally recognized and has been declared an “Area of ​​Special Interest for Avifauna” (Zona de Especial Interés para la Avifauna - ZEPA).

The coast of Calvià is one of the most indented coastal areas of Mallorca and consists of a multitude of headlands, bays, headlands and coves. And opposite the coast, the seascape is peppered with numerous islands and rock formations, such as the islands of El Toro, El Sec, Sa Porrassa, el d'en Sales, which make up the Ses Illetes archipelago, or the islands d'Estenedor or Sa. Caleta.

Economy and tourism

The economic basis of Calvià is mainly based on tourism. More than 1.4 million tourists visit Calvià every year. In the municipality of Calvià there are 267 businesses that are part of the tourism industry and offer a total of 123,982 hotel beds (as of 2005) in their accommodations. They are divided as follows:

  • 44,000 in hotels
  • 16,000 in apartments
  • 60,000 tourist residences

The additional offer is listed as follows:

  • 585 pubs or bars
  • 386 restaurants
  • 1,145 stores
  • 497 other services
  • 61 industrial companies

Refurbishments and measures

  • Redevelopment plans

The redevelopment and loosening of the buildings in the tourist centers of Calvià is one of the most ambitious initiatives in the framework of Agenda Local 21. The aim of the redevelopment plans is to preserve the cityscape in the tourist centers of the municipality of Calvià, which was on the beaches and in the times of mass tourism was created along beaches.

By demolition or demolition, tourist facilities in the first line of the sea that are environmentally or economically damaging or that seriously disturb the overall appearance of the coast or the beach are removed.

  • activities

More than 30 measures have been taken since 1993 such as B. the demolition of buildings or the purchase of land by the municipality in order to prevent development. In this way, buildings covering an area of ​​more than 13,500 m² were demolished and 50,788 m² of land were bought. The subsequent use of the plots is different: Most of them became parking lots, green areas or part of the existing Paseo Marítimo.

  • Demolition of the Atlántic Hotel

The Atlántic Hotel in Magaluf was demolished in 1996. This created a free space as a green zone in the first line of the sea.

  • Demolition of the Mimosa Hotel

The demolition of the Hotel Mimosa in Peguera in March 2002 resulted in a green strip of 1200 m². This hotel, which was built in the 1950s, was an example of the typical architecture from the period of unrestrained tourist growth. It had a capacity of 30 beds, but it was never used. The municipality of Calvià bought it at an auction in 2000 for 60 million pts. acquired.

  • Demolition of the Montecarlo bar

On February 2, 2001, the Montecarlo kiosk bar in Santa Ponça was demolished. As a result, the streetscape of calle Ramón de Montcada could be significantly improved.

  • Purchase of 3 plots in Santa Ponça

In October 2001 the municipality of Calvià purchased 3 building plots in the first sea line in Nova Santa Ponça. This area is 4,595 m² and a viewing point on the Malgrat Islands will be set up there.


Total: Area of ​​the demolished buildings: 13,559.14 m² Area of ​​the land: 25,716.39 m²

  • Purchase of building land to prevent development


Total: 50,788 m² were removed from the development.

Attractions

Sant Joan Baptista in Calvià

In the municipality of Calvià you can find a large number of old mansions of great cultural value and which have a long tradition in this part of the island. You can find many of these large fincas rusticas in Santa Ponça, Bendinat, Son Roig, Galatzó, etc. You can also admire many of the former watchtowers along the coast, which served as protection from pirates. Of the places, Calvià itself should be highlighted, the highlight of which is the monumental church of Sant Joan Baptista . From the highest mountain in the area, the Galatzó (1026 meters), you can see the entire area around Calvià. This wonderful view is only partially interrupted by the second highest mountain in the area, the Esclop . From here you can also see the Mediterranean Sea and the numerous rocky coasts and small valleys of the municipality.

beaches

Beaches and bathing bays (Platges i Cales) that are in the municipality of Calvià: Casino de Palma , Ses Illetes , Cala Contesa , Portals Nous , Oratori de Portals , Son Caliu , Palma Nova (Morocco) , Palma Nova , Son Matias ( Cala Blanca) , Magalluf , Cala Vinyes , Cala Falco , Cala Belle Dona , Portals Vells , Cala Penyes Roges , Calo d'en Pellicer , Santa Ponca , Cala Blanca , Peguera - Romana , Peguera - Tora , Peguera - Palmira , Cala Fornells , Cala Tropicana , Cala Murada and Cala Moreia . Thanks to their quality, numerous sections have been awarded the Blue Flag eco-seal by the EU .

hikes

In the midst of these natural landscapes there are more than 100 kilometers of country roads, e.g. B. from Son Font to Son Sastre; the coastal path between La Romana (Peguera) and Santa Ponça; Pedreres de Ses Vinyes - Son Bugadelles - Son Pillo; Puig de na Morisca - minor nou; Puig de Zaragoza - Sa Vall Verda - Na Barratxeta; Refeubetx - Ses Barraques - Torà.

With its unmistakable silhouette, this mountain towers over the mountain range of the Serra de na Burguesa . The vegetation of the mountains consists of a significant number of Aleppo pines, the typical Mediterranean vegetation of the so-called garriga . There are about fifteen springs in its foothills.

Sports

Calvià has a large number of public and private sports facilities (swimming pools, golf courses, marinas and sailing clubs, tennis courts, riding facilities, fitness centers, soccer fields, etc.)

Calvià also offers one of the most interesting underwater landscapes on the island of Mallorca.

National and international sporting events are organized in Calvià throughout the year: golf tournaments, the Calvià International Marathon, sailing regattas and cycling races.

Marinas

  • Club Náutico Palmanova
    • Sports harbor with 72 berths.
    • Location:
    • Latitude: 39º31'00''N
    • Longitude: 02º32'00''E
  • Puerto Portals
    • Sports harbor with 670 berths.
    • Location:
    • Latitude: 39º32'00''N
    • Longitude: 02º35'00''E
Port Adriano
  • Puerto Deportivo Port Adriano
    • Sports harbor with 404 berths.
    • Location:
    • Latitude: 39º26'06''N
    • Longitude: 02º28'03''E
  • Club Náutico Santa Ponça
    • Sports harbor with 522 berths.
    • Location:
    • Latitude: 39º30'00''N
    • Longitude: 02º28'00''E
  • Embarcadero Deportivo Sol de Mallorca
    • Sports harbor with 70 berths.

Festivals

Like all older traditional communities, Calvià celebrates its traditional festivals and customs. Most of these celebrations have a historical or Christian background. Nevertheless, festivals and customs with a marked leisure character have emerged in recent years, which serve to strengthen the relationships between the local population and foreign visitors. These celebrations also coincide with the different seasons.

The Epiphany is the festival most awaited by children. The procession of the three wise men consists of many different bodies and numerous Christmas figures. The kings pass through the municipality of Calvià to bring joy and gifts.

  • Alimara (Feasts of Saints Anthony and Sebastian)

On Saints Anthony and Sebastian, January 17th and 20th, campfires are made all over Mallorca. This custom has been regained in Calvià for a few years. Next to the church of Calvià Vila, they light the Alimara , the greatest fire on which the devil is burned; All around you make small campfires on which the neighbors grill botifarrones and sobrasada (Mallorcan sausage specialties). This regained tradition has been celebrated continuously since 1952, the year when the plague did not hit the people of Calvià, as is believed, thanks to Saint Sebastian.

  • Carnestoltes

A few days before Easter, Carnival is celebrated in the Calvià settlements. There are costume competitions, a carnival for the little ones and one for the big ones. It's a good reason to connect with neighbors and friends in a humorous environment. The winners of the competition receive a significant bonus.

  • Bread giving and Angel Sunday (Pà en Caritat y Diumenge de l'Àngel)

After the Easter celebrations, the communities organize small outings in which many of the neighbors take part. On this day, all leftover Easter dishes such as panades (dumplings), robiols (sweet pastries), or Crespels are fraternally shared. You spend the day together, having fun and joy.

  • Spring festival

This festival takes place before the start of the high season and at the end of the training courses in the town hall of Calvià. On this day, the course participants decorate the town hall with numerous flowers to mark the beginning of spring or summer, i.e. H. to celebrate the high season.

  • Saint Joan (Sant Joan)

San Joan Baptista is the main saint of the parish and therefore this day is an important holiday in Calvià. In the city of Calvià, however, the elderly are mainly honored: there is a mass, there are regional dances and all citizens over 70 are invited to an almond ice cream with pastries (ensaimada). This festival has been celebrated since the 1950s.

  • Saint Jaume (Sant Jaume)

The festival of Sant Jaume takes place on July 25th and is the largest in the city of Calvià. Throughout the week, the city's full attention is focused on the success of this celebration and the organization of various activities and events. The only goal is to have fun and promote village integration. Many activities are organized for both children and adults: cultural, sports and games events, as well as religious acts.

  • King Jaume (Rei en Jaume)

This important festival has been celebrated since 1929, the year of the 700th anniversary.

  • Summer festivals

During the summer months, neighborhood festivals are organized throughout the municipality of Calvià with the support of the city council. They are used to get to know the neighbors better and to encourage the participation of the various institutions in the community.

market

  • Weekly market: Mondays, on Carrer de Germans Montcada

literature

  • Information material for the municipality of Calvià

(At this point, thanks go to the author of the article, especially the support and provision of documents by the municipal administration).

  • Between 1869 and 1891, a nine-volume work by Archduke Lluis Salvador was published in Leipzig ; it is still reliable and accurate evidence of that era, The Balearic Islands in words and pictures (original edition 1897)
  • Ramón Llull: Secreta secretorum (original edition 1592)
  • David Abulafia: El reino catalán de Mallorca (original edition Barcelona 1996)
  • Francesc Borja Moll: Històrica catalan (original edition Valencia 1991)

Web links

Commons : Municipality of Calvià  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cifras oficiales de población resultantes de la revisión del Padrón municipal a 1 de enero . Population statistics from the Instituto Nacional de Estadística (population update).
  2. ↑ http://www.inmonova.com/de/calvia (accessed on March 19, 2012).