Brattleboro

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Brattleboro
Brattleboro, in the foreground the Connecticut River
Brattleboro, in the foreground the Connecticut River
Location in Vermont
Brattleboro, Vermont
Brattleboro
Brattleboro
Basic data
Foundation : December 26, 1753
State : United States
State : Vermont
County : Windham County
Coordinates : 42 ° 52 ′  N , 72 ° 38 ′  W Coordinates: 42 ° 52 ′  N , 72 ° 38 ′  W
Time zone : Eastern ( UTC − 5 / −4 )
Residents : 12,046 (as of 2010)
Population density : 146.2 inhabitants per km 2
Area : 83.9 km 2  (approx. 32 mi 2 ) of
which 82.4 km 2  (approx. 32 mi 2 ) are land
Height : 176 m
Postal code : 05301
Area code : +1 802
FIPS : 50-07900
GNIS ID : 1462049
Website : www.brattleboro.org

Brattleboro is a town in Windham County , Vermont , United States with a population of 12,046 (according to the 2010 census). Brattleboro is the largest town in Windham County.

geography

Geographical location

The area of ​​the village is located in the eastern foothills of the Green Mountains on the west bank of the Connecticut River , a few kilometers east of the border triangle of the US states of Massachusetts, Vermont and New Hampshire. The West River joins the Connecticut River just north of the main settlement; larger lakes, however, cannot be found. The terrain is hilly and heavily forested, but has no significant elevations. The main settlement Brattleboro is right on the Connecticut River; a little to the west in the hills is the smaller settlement of West Brattleboro .

Neighboring communities

All distances are given as straight lines between the official coordinates of the places from the 2010 census.

climate

The mean mean temperature in Brattleboro is between −7.2 ° C (19 ° F ) in January and 20.6 ° C (69 ° F) in July. This makes the place about 1 degree cooler compared to the long-term mean of Vermont. The snowfalls between October and May are well over two meters, with a peak in January of around 43 cm, about twice as high as the mean snow depth in the USA. The daily sunshine duration is at the lower end of the range in the USA.

history

The area of ​​today's Brattleboro was, before the founding of the later village, the first area in today's Vermont permanently settled by Europeans. In order to secure the settlement of the west bank of the Connecticut River (the east bank was already colonized by the British settlements in New Hampshire at this time), a wooden palisade with wooden houses was built in 1724 in the hills by the river further outbuildings were extended: Fort Dummer . It was used primarily to secure the river as a transport route; Since the areas of today's Vermont were not permanently settled by the native Abenaki , but primarily as summer hunting grounds and the valleys through the Green Mountains were only used as passages into the valley of the Connecticut River, a small crew of the fort was sufficient. Fort Dummer is last mentioned in writing on April 10, 1770 and was probably demolished in 1771. In 1908, large parts of the remains of the fort were flooded by the construction of a dam and are only accessible when the water is low.

The town was on December 26, 1753 (then still in the spelling Brattleborough ) by the governor of New Hampshire, Benning Wentworth , proclaimed for settlement; the area expressly included the then still existing fort. Although the fort was the oldest settlement, Brattleboro was not the first conquest of today's Vermont; previously, from 1749 onwards, fertile areas in the plains around Lake Champlain on the other side of the Green Mountains had been colonized with the town of Bennington and adjacent pieces of land .

The first settlers were mostly from Massachusetts ; however, three people born in Fort Dummer (the brothers John and Thomas Sargeant and a John Alexander ) are listed as settlers. The date of the constituent city assembly is not known, but is believed to be around 1770. After the end of the raids by locals, some of whom were led and supported by British troops, and the end of the War of Independence, the population rose sharply. The first census of 1790 already recorded 1589 inhabitants. Brattleboro had become a center of settlement in the southeastern Green Mountains. Various hydropower-operated mills and factories, especially on the West River, as well as the location on the Connecticut River traffic route and the proximity of the already populated areas on the east bank of the river promoted the development of a local production and trading center.

Post Office and Courthouse

On July 1, 1847, the first US postage stamp was put on the market in Brattleboro, which was already provided with glue (gummed) on the reverse. It is known by collectors today as the 1847 Brattleboro Postmaster's Provisional stamp .

In 1849 the New London – Brattleboro railway line was opened along the Connecticut River valley and opened up additional markets in the metropolises of the east coast, and after the extension to the north also in Canada. A narrow-gauge railway that led from Brattleboro through the West River valley to the west existed between 1870 and 1936 and was then abandoned due to inefficiency.

During the Civil War , Vermont was not a site of fighting, only soldiers were drafted. In Brattleboro, however, an additional hospital was set up for the civil war wounded and sick as early as 1861, including a plague house. It was about two kilometers from the main settlement. The square was chosen on the one hand because of its good connection to the railway and the city, and on the other hand because of its proximity to supplying farms and drinking water sources.

The breach of Centerville Dam in 1869 flooded large areas of the main settlement and the surrounding area, causing major property damage, but not causing permanent economic damage to the site.

The Brattleboro electric tram opened in 1895 and closed again in 1923.

In Brattleboro, unlike many communities in the United States, it was expressly allowed to be naked in public . It existed in the early 1990s even a fixed Breast , in which women without top running through the city. However, on December 4, 2007, a ban was issued.

On March 4, 2008, the city's town hall passed an order for police to arrest President George W. Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney for violating the constitution. The resolution was not binding and was passed more for publicity.

religion

The early church history of the place is not passed down; it is known, however, that the first priest was resident in Brattleboro as early as 1770. The first meeting house was built around 1772, another built in 1815 and consecrated on August 22, 1816.

To this day, a large number of religious communities have sprung up in Brattleboro, the diversity of which extends far beyond what is usual in New England. In addition to one Methodist , one Catholic , three Baptist and two churches of the United Church of Christ, there are also communities of Buddhists , Unitarians , Seventh-day Adventists , Lutherans and two houses of Christian Science . There is also a Jewish community , one of the Christian and Missonary Alliance , one of the Episcopals and a group of nondenomialists .

Population development

Census Results - Town of Brattleboro, Vermont
year 1700 1710 1720 1730 1740 1750 1760 1770 1780 1790
Residents 1589
year 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890
Residents 1867 1891 2017 2141 2623 3816 3855 4933 5880 6862
year 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
Residents 6640 7541 8332 9816 10,983 11,522 11,734 12,239 11,886 12,241
year 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090
Residents 12.005 12,046

Culture and sights

theatre

Brattleboro is home to one of Vermont's few theaters, the Latchis Theater , built in 1938 , which also has a hotel attached and functions as a local event center. Cinema screenings and concerts take place in the hall; there is no permanent acting company here.

In addition, the New England Youth Theater is an attempt to introduce children to the theater and drama by participating on the stage.

Museums

Esty Organ Company promotional poster

The Estey Organ Museum was founded in 2002. It depicts the company history of the home organ company Estey, which was based in Brattleboro from the end of the 19th century until it was closed in 1955 and which was well known in the northeastern United States with over 500,000 instruments built.

Buildings

With the Creamery Covered Bridge , which has spanned Whetstone Brook since 1917, one of the covered bridges that are still common in Vermont can also be found in Brattleboro.

Parks

The area in which the first British settlement in what is now Vermont, Fort Dummer , was founded is now being developed as a recreational area through Fort Dummer State Park . The park is located northwest of the main settlement Brattleboro over the Connecticut River, covers an area of ​​almost 0.9 km² and offers, among other things, a campsite.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Brattleboro is North-South direction by the in along the western shore of the Connecticut River leading 91 Interstate connected to the American highway system. The US Highway 5 runs mostly parallel. Some important country roads begin in the main town of Brattleboro : Vermont State Route 9 leads west through the Green Mountains to Bennington , Vermont State Route 30 leads northwest to some ski areas in Vermont and to Manchester . In addition, a daily pair of Amtrak trains stops at the local train station, which connects to Montreal and the monopolies on the east coast.

media

Two VHF radio stations and one medium wave station have been set up in Brattleboro; however, there is no television station. Most of the stations that can be received are located in Massachusetts and New Hampshire, especially Keene, rather than in the surrounding population centers of Vermont. A daily newspaper, the Brattleboro Reformer , has been published since 1876.

Public facilities

In addition to the usual municipal authorities, public schools and the Brooks Memorial library with more than 70,000 volumes, the Brattleboro Memorial Hospital is available to residents of Brattleboro and the surrounding towns.

education

The educational offer in Brattleboro is expanded up to high school. Four public and four private elementary and middle schools as well as three public and two private high schools (including a school for the deaf) offer education from kindergarten through 12th grade. The closest college, Keene State College , is across the Connecticut River in Keene, New Hampshire , and the closest university, Franklin Pierce University , is also in New Hampshire, in Rindge .

Companies

There is a FiberMark paper mill in town . The paper mill has been operated by Neenah Paper since 2015 .

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked on site

  • James Elliot (1775–1839), Vermont representative to the US House of Representatives. Operating a law firm in Brattleboro
  • Robert Wesselhöft (1796–1852), fraternity member and doctor. A mental institution in Brattleboro
  • Elisha Hunt Allen (1804–1883), Maine representative to the US House of Representatives. Operating a law firm in Brattleboro
  • Herbert G. Barber (1870-1947), Vermont Attorney General . Operating a law firm in Brattleboro
  • Ernest Gibson senior (1871–1940), member of the US Congress. Lawyer and Chairman of the Brattleboros City Council
  • John S. Burgess (1920–2007), Lieutenant Governor of Vermont. Lawyer and justice of the peace etc. in Brattleboro
  • James L. Oakes (1924–2007), Member of the Vermont Senate, Judge on the Second Circuit Court of Appeals. Operating a law firm in Brattleboro

literature

  • Zadock Thompson: History of Vermont, natural, civil and statistical, in Three Parts . Part 3. Chauncey Goodrich, Burlington 1842, p. 28 ff . ( Digitized version ).

Web links

Commons : Brattleboro, Vermont  - Collection of pictures, videos, and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Brattleboro in the United States Geological Survey's Geographic Names Information System , accessed October 1, 2014
  2. ↑ Population data from the 2010 US Census in the American Factfinder
  3. ↑ Coordinates of the locations of the Census Authority 2010
  4. ↑ a b c climate, school and media data at www.City-Data.com (English)
  5. ↑ a b c page of the "Chamber of Commerce" (English) ( Memento from March 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  6. ↑ Extensive collection of material on the hospital on the website www.BrattleboroHistory.com (English)
  7. ↑ In Brattleboro you can look again , Blick.ch of August 22, 2007
  8. ↑ http://www.reformer.com/ci_7831292
  9. ^ "... crimes against our Constitution ..." reuters.com, Vermont towns vote to arrest Bush and Cheney, March 5, 2008
  10. ↑ tagesschau.de, "Communities for the indictment of the US President - handcuffs for George Bush", March 7, 2008 ( Memento of September 13, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
  11. ↑ Population 1790–2010 according to the census results
  12. ↑ Homepage of the Latchis Theater (English)
  13. ↑ Homepage of the New England Youth Theater (English)
  14. ↑ Homepage of the Estey Organ Museum (English)
  15. ↑ Entry on the Creamery Covered Bridge on the VirtualVermont website
  16. ↑ Entry of Fort Dummer State Park on the website of the National Park Administration ( Memento from October 17, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
Parishes in Windham County , Vermont, USA:
towns

Athens  | Brattleboro  | Brookline  | Dover  | Dummerston  | Grafton  | Guilford  | Halifax  | Jamaica  | Londonderry  | Marlboro  | Newfane  | Putney  | Rockingham  | Somerset  | Stratton  | Townshend  | Vernon  | Wardsboro  | Westminster  | Whitingham  | Wilmington  | Windham

County location in Vermont
villages

Bellows Falls  | Jacksonville  | Newfane  | Saxtons River  | Westminster

CDPs

Brattleboro (CDP) | North Westminster (CDP) | Putney (CDP) | West Brattleboro (CDP) | Wilmington (CDP)

More settlements

Algiers | Cambridgeport | East Dover | South Newfane | West Dummerston | West Halifax | West Wardsboro | Williamsville