Câlnic (Alba)

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Câlnic
Kelling
Kelnek
Câlnic (Alba) does not have a coat of arms
Câlnic (Alba) (Romania)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Basic data
State : RomaniaRomania Romania
Historical region : Transylvania
Circle : Alba
Coordinates : 45 ° 53 '  N , 23 ° 39'  E Coordinates: 45 ° 53 '15 "  N , 23 ° 39' 30"  E
Time zone : EET ( UTC +2)
Height : 344  m
Area : 43.99  km²
Residents : 1,681 (October 20, 2011)
Population density : 38 inhabitants per km²
Postal code : 517205
Telephone code : (+40) 02 58
License plate : FROM
Structure and administration (as of 2016)
Community type : local community
Structure : Câlnic, deal
Mayor : Ioan Oancea ( PNL )
Postal address : Str. Principală, no. 20
loc. Câlnic, jud. Alba, RO-517205
Website :

Câlnic or old spelling Cîlnic [ ˈkɨlnik ] ( German  Kelling , Hungarian Kelnek ) is a Romanian community in the Alba district in Transylvania .

Geographical location

Location of the municipality of Câlnic in the Alba district
Kelling in the Josephine land survey from 1767–1773

The village of Câlnic is located in the Transylvanian Unterwald , 3 kilometers from the European route E68 (between Sebeş and Sibiu ) and the Secaş river ( Zekesch ). Sebeş - the nearest larger city - is located about 15 kilometers and the district capital Alba Iulia 32 kilometers northwest of Câlnic.

history

The place was originally inhabited by Transylvanian Saxons . It was first mentioned in 1269 in connection with the naming of Count Chyl de Kelling , who had the rectangular (approx. 9 x 13 m), with approx. 1 meter thick walls and 27 meter high tower, built for his accommodation. This so-called Siegfried by the vernacular was sold by Johann Gereb de Vingard to the village community of the Transylvanian Saxons around 1430, so that they had the opportunity to defend themselves against the Mongols and Turkish attacks . In the 15th century, this tower was expanded to form a castle with two circular walls with battlements and loopholes.

On 30.-31. May 2009 the village celebrated 740 years of Kelling .

population

In 1850, 1121 inhabitants lived in the area of ​​today's village. 442 were Romanians , 481 Germans and 198 Roma . In 1930 the number of Germans and Romanians had doubled. At the same time, four Hungarians and 82 Roma were also registered. In 1992, 48 people, 901 Romanians, 4 Hungarians and 255 Roma were registered among the German population. At the 2002 census, Câlnic had 1,328 people, including 1,313 Romanians, seven Germans, five Hungarians and 409 Roma.

In the incorporated village of Deal, almost exclusively Romanians have lived since the 1850 censuses (855 in 1850, 1086 in 1900). In 2002 the population had decreased to 425.

Attractions

  • A special feature of the place is the Graefenburg, built in the 13th century, which has been a World Heritage Site since 1993 . The so-called Siegfried is built with the longer sides facing northwest and southeast. The original ascent to the upper floors of the tower was possible via a staircase attached to the wall inside. Today, the tower can be accessed via a staircase that was installed from the outside in the 20th century. The basement of the tower is ventilated through an air shaft on the south side.
    From the 15th century onwards, the Kelling fortified castle was gradually modified. The partly double curtain wall has an oval outline with a maximum diameter of about 50 meters in a northeast-southwest direction. The 7 meter high defensive walls were later raised again by 3.5 meters. The defense tower on the southeast side is 15 meters high and was also called the "Speckturm". Four bells are housed in the 24 meter high entrance tower. To the side of this tower are the somewhat wider battlements , where the best-preserved rooms are on the north side.
    In the second half of the 15th century, the approx. 70 meter diameter oval and 3 meter high castle wall was built on the filled-in moat .
    On the grounds of the fortified castle there is also a castle chapel in the form of a hall church in the late Gothic style, equipped with a Carl Hesse organ from 1867. The year 1733 is recorded on the gallery of the chapel.
  • The Evangelical Lutheran Church, built in the 15th century and surrounded by the cemetery, was rebuilt in the 19th century in a neo-Gothic style and is a listed building.
  • The former Protestant rectory was built in the 16th century and expanded in 1779 and is a listed building.

  • View of the castle entrance

  • Inner courtyard and castle chapel

  • View of the curtain walls

  • View into the castle chapel

  • Defense tower

literature

  • Hans Acker: Heimatbuch Kelling. History of a Saxon community in the Transylvanian Unterwald. Self-published, Wolfhagen 1986 (published 1987), ISBN 3-922942-05-9 .
  • Nicolae-Marcel Simina: Cetatea din Câlnic (jud. Alba). (Consideratii pe marginea cercetarii arheologice). (= Arheologia medievala. Vol. 3 (2000), pp. 95-116.) ISSN  1224-8304 .
  • Marius Porumb, Ciprian Firea: Cetatea Câlnic. = Kelling Castle. = Câlnic Fortress. = La Fortresse de Câlnic. Editura Academiei Române, Bucharest 2007, ISBN 978-973-27-1521-5 .

Web links

Commons : Câlnic, Alba  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ 2011 census in Romania ( MS Excel ; 1.3 MB)
  2. ↑ Mayoral elections 2016 in Romania ( MS Excel ; 256 kB)
  3. ↑ a b Ansamblul "Cetate" (Castle District) In: Historical Monuments of Romania (Romanian)
  4. ↑ Heinz Heltmann, Gustav Servatius (Ed.): Travel Guide Siebenbürgen. Kraft-Verlag, Würzburg 1993, ISBN 3-8083-2019-2 .
  5. ↑ a b Celebrated 740 years of Kelling in: Siebenbürgische Zeitung, June 27, 2009
  6. ↑ Census, last updated October 30, 2008, p. 66. (Hungarian; PDF; 1.2 MB)
  7. ↑ a b c List of historical monuments of the Romanian Ministry of Culture, updated 2010 (PDF; 7.10 MB)