Trinity Church (Bülach)
The Dreifaltigkeitskirche is the Roman Catholic parish church of Bülach in the Zurich Unterland . It stands on Spitalstrasse near the Bülach train station and, because it has hardly changed over time, is considered an exemplary synthesis of the arts in a Catholic diaspora church from the turn of the century before last. The parish to which the Trinity Church belongs is responsible for the towns of Bülach, Bachenbülach , Hochfelden , Höri and Winkel .
history
History and naming
In the Middle Ages, the first church on the site of today's Reformed Church in Bülach was built around the year 650, as excavations have shown. This makes Bülach one of the oldest church sites in the entire canton of Zurich. The church of Bülach is mentioned for the first time in a document from the year 811. St. Laurentius of Rome is named as the church patron , which is why his attribute, the Laurentiusrost, still adorns the coat of arms of the political community Bülach and the Catholic church built in 1902 next to the Holy Trinity also has St. Lawrence as the patron of the church. The Reformation took place in Bülach through the removal of Pastor Ulrich Rollebutz in 1528. Johannes Haller, after whom an alley in the old town is named today, became the first Reformed pastor in Bülach. As a companion of Huldrych Zwingli , Johannes Haller died in the Second Kappel War in 1531. The church in the center of the old town was henceforth used as a reformed church.
In the period after the Reformation up to the beginning of the 19th century, Catholic services were banned in the canton of Zurich . The Edict of Tolerance of the Zurich Government Council of September 10, 1807 allowed a Catholic community in Zurich for the first time. The so-called First Zurich Church Law in 1863 recognized the Catholic parishes in Zurich as well as in Winterthur , Dietikon and Rheinau (the last two were traditionally Catholic places). On the basis of association law, Catholic branches could then be established throughout the canton. With the help of support associations such as the Piusverein (founded in 1857) and the Catholic Society for Domestic Missions (founded in 1863), further pastoral care stations and later parishes in the canton of Zurich were established in quick succession in the 1860s: Männedorf (1864), Gattikon-Thalwil / Langnau (1864), Horgen (1865), Pilgersteg-Rüti / Wald (1866), Wald and Bubikon (1873), Uster (1876), Langnau (1877), Rüti (1878), Wädenswil (1881), Bülach (1882) , Wetzikon (1890), Bauma (1894), Adliswil (1894), Pfungen (1895), Dübendorf (1897) and Küsnacht (1901). So it came about that by 1900 there were already 20 Catholic parishes in the canton of Zurich, including the one in Bülach.
Development and construction history
The establishment of the Catholic parishes in the canton of Zurich reflects the economic development and the social restructuring that goes with it. In the course of industrialization , factories were built in Bülach that benefited from the hydropower of the Glatt (Jakobstal), but also from road and railway construction. Catholic workers and their families moved to Bülach from eastern and central Switzerland and soon also from Italy, which is why Catholic pastoral care became more and more urgent. The Catholic population in Bülach was around 6% in 1880, much lower than the cantonal average of 13.5%, but it was already significantly higher than the 2.6% in the district. In Bülach at that time 111 Catholics were counted out of a total population of 1851 people. Decisive for the location Bülach as the first Catholic pastoral care center in the region were also the political importance of the district capital and the regional railway junction, thanks to which the Catholics of the surrounding area could quickly get to the pastoral care center.
On June 4, 1882, the first mass after the Reformation took place in the dance hall of the Rössli restaurant in Bülach in the Zürcher Unterland. For two years a first Catholic pastor lived in a private house on the Frohburg before the definitive parish seat on Schaffhauserstrasse could be moved into in 1884. The Neuhaus , which was converted for this purpose, was located near the Bülach train station and was a practical combination of secular and sacred buildings. Three crab-studded pointed arched windows on the ground floor and the roof turret with a small bell indicate the ecclesiastical purpose of the building. At that time the Catholic pastoral care office in Bülach was responsible for over 40 parishes in the region. Pastor Robert Bässler, who was active in Bülach from 1893 to 1920, and the Bülach Station Association, founded in 1892 and headquartered in Zug, promoted the building of the church in Bülach and the development of church life. In 1899, the Bülach station association bought the building site for the Trinity Church on Sollizelg in the west of the town, near the Bülach train station. As later became apparent, the terrain was extremely favorable. At the time only little developed land that were in close proximity to the Catholic Church in 1900 Kreisspital and 1925, the district building built. Today's Trinity Church was built between 1901-1902 according to the plans of the successful church architect August Hardegger in neo-gothic built style. The excavation work began in October 1901, the foundation stone was laid on April 20, 1902 by Augustin Stöckli, the abbot of the Mehrerau monastery at the time . On November 22nd, 1902, the Bishop of Chur , Johannes Fidelis Battaglia , consecrated the new church to the Holy Trinity and St. Laurentius, the local patron of Bülach. Simultaneously with the church was built on the east side directly on the street, a rectory in neo-Gothic design language, which with a hipped roof is covered and was ready for the 1903rd In 1973 the Bülach parish received a contemporary addition with a parish center including a parish office with a parish apartment, built according to plans by the architect EG Streiff, Zurich. The two concrete flat roof buildings enclose a newly created square on the east side of the church at a right angle and, together with the rectory from 1903, form a square inner courtyard in which the iron sculpture Meerauge by Ernst Burgdorfer, Zurich is located. In 2007–2009 the parish center, including the rectory and old rectory, was renovated by the architect Walter Hollenstein, with the rectory's apartment being converted into offices; the rectory from 1903 was restored to its original purpose as the actual rectory. In addition, a crypt was built into the basement of the rectory .
The rapidly growing Catholic population in the Bülach district made it necessary to build further pastoral care stations in the first half of the 20th century, from which four parishes emerged. In Bülach itself, the constitutional development of the Bülach parish was formally completed with the creation of the private Catholic parish of Bülach in 1943 and its state recognition in 1963.
Daughter parishes and today's parish
From the parish of Bülach four daughter parishes emerged in the 20th century: The first was the parish of St. Pirminius (Pfungen) . In Pfungen there was a pastoral care station since 1895, which received its current church of St. Joseph and St. Primin between 1900 and 1901, one year before the mother parish of Bülach. In 1901 Pfungen became a parish vicariate and in 1902 an independent parish, which is why it was separated from the parish of Bülach. The driving force behind the development of the Pfungen parish was the men's association founded in 1896.
Today's parish Dielsdorf / Niederhasli is the second founding of Bülach. On September 20, 1896, the Federal Day of Prayer , the first Catholic service took place in Dielsdorf because of the numerous Catholic workers in the quarries, mainly from Italy. When the weather was nice, up to 500 people attended the mass in the open air. Because of problems in finding a suitable room for church services, pastoral care in the south-western part of the Zurich Unterland turned its focus on Niederhasli for the coming decades. The chapel erected there in 1925 - today's parish church of St. Christophorus - was initially consecrated to Our Lady of Sorrows and was elevated to a parish vicariate. With the prospect of the new construction of the St. Paulus Church in Dielsdorf (built 1960–1962 by the architect Justus Dahinden ) Niederhasli was raised to a parish together with Dielsdorf in 1954 and separated from Bülach. The main seat of the parish was henceforth Dielsdorf; the chapel in Niederhasli was added to the parish of St. Paulus Dielsdorf. In 1996 the Niederhasli was finally raised to its own parish and separated from Dielsdorf. The new namesake of the Niederhasli chapel is St. Christophorus .
The third foundation of Bülach is the parish of St. Petrus Embrachertal , which was raised to a parish vicariate in 1966 and a parish rectorate on January 1, 1967. On Easter Sunday , April 14, 1974, St. Petrus Embrachertal was finally raised to a parish by the Chur bishop Johannes Vonderach and separated from Bülach. The first Catholic church in Embrach, today the St. Petrus Chapel , dates from 1924, the second church with a parish center was built between 1979 and 1980.
The fourth foundation from Bülach is the parish Glattfelden-Eglisau-Rafz. It is located north of Bülach and is responsible for nine municipalities. On September 21, 1930, the first Catholic service in Glattfelden took place in the Aarüti schoolhouse . In 1942 a church service station was opened in a former warehouse between Krone and Hirschen in Eglisau . In the same year, a building site for the construction of the later churches was acquired in both Eglisau and Glattfelden. In 1949, on Palm Sunday , April 10, the foundation stone for the construction of the Church of St. Judas Thaddäus was laid in Eglisau and consecrated on April 2, 1950. On October 22, 1950, the foundation stone was laid for the St. Josef Church in Glattfelden, which was inaugurated on October 21, 1952. On June 20, 1963, the Chur bishop Johannes Vonderach appointed Glattfelden-Eglisau as a parish rectorate and on January 1, 1968, an independent parish. In 1993 the Church of the Resurrection of St. Maria Magdalena (Rafz) was consecrated and in 2007 the joint parish center was opened in Eglisau.
Today, the Bülach parish with its 8,517 members (as of 2017) is one of the larger Catholic parishes in the canton of Zurich.
Building description
Church tower, bells and exterior
The Dreifaltigkeitskirche was built in the idealizing forms of a late country gothic in the years 1900–1902 and consists of a simple, north-facing nave and a retracted, half-hexagonal, slightly lower choir . On the western flank of the choir stands the church tower , whose polygonal pointed helmet rises above four curved cross gables . The tower houses a four-part bell, which was cast by the court bell foundry Franz Schilling Söhne , Apolda Thuringia in 1926 and solemnly consecrated on September 12, 1926. The four bells ring in the tone sequence c, it, f, and as, the start of the antiphon of Pentecost and, together with the bell of the Reformed Church, the bells of Bulach. Due to the fact that many bells for the armaments industry were drafted in Germany during World War II, the peal of the Trinity Church is a rare example of the bells made by the Apolda company in the 1920s. The following bells are in the church tower:
| number | Weight | diameter | volume | dedication |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2350 kg | 150 cm | c | Trinity |
| 2 | 1350 kg | 130 cm | it | Ave Maria |
| 3 | 950 kg | 115 cm | f | St. Joseph |
| 4th | 550 kg | 96 cm | as | St. Laurence |
The eyelash-like tower gables, like those of the nave and the spire, are adorned with gilded ball knobs . The church tower and the gable of the nave end with crosses rising above the ball knobs. Dragon spears adorn the roof edges of the ship and tower. Four pointed dormers with three-pass-shaped glazing give rhythm to the slate-covered ship roof. The side fronts of the nave are structured by buttresses , which also continue on the edges of the choir and the entrance front. The pointed arch windows in between are kept simple. There is a tracery rose above the main entrance to the church . The church walls are built from Lägern lime blocks , the main portal was made of sandstone.
Interior and artistic equipment
The hall is elongated and vaulted with a four- bay pointed barrel. The choir of the church is slightly retracted, which is why the nave ends with a slender triumphal arch . The geometric network of false vaults over the nave and choir consists of a plastered slatted frame and drawn plaster ribs. The decorative painting of the vault shows a vegetal tendril , interspersed with stylized roses, thistles, lilies, pomegranates and fantasy blossoms in red, yellow and blue. The nave and choir walls are kept in a greenish tone, the base zone of which is covered with a strong green parapet band with regularly attached cruciferous flowers and a vegetable border. The triumphal arch and the blind niches behind the side altars are covered with rich border ornaments. The decorative painting is applied with glue paint . The motifs were drawn in pencil and painted freehand.
At the time the church was consecrated in 1902, essential elements of the current furnishings were still missing due to a lack of money. Only today's baptismal font , created by the stone sculptor R. Haug, Staad SG, and the pews were present. The church was equipped gradually over the next few years. In 1906 the church was painted and the high altar in 1909 was done by the altar construction company Carl Glauner, (died 1916) from Wil SG . In 1914 the Bülach parish acquired the church's first organ, an instrument built by the Haas organ building company and expanded by the Goll , Horw LU company . In 1921 the gas lighting in the church was replaced by an electric one and a large ring chandelier was installed, which was replaced by six smaller ones in 1989. In the same year the two side altars, the pulpit , the communion bench , the confessionals and the choir seats as well as the Pietà and the Mount of Olives group in the side wall niches of the nave, a nativity scene and the 14 Stations of the Cross (consecrated on February 25, 1923) followed. All of these furnishings were made by the altar construction company Adolf Vogl (1850–1924) from Hall . On this occasion, the originally more modest base painting on the nave walls was renewed in its current form and probably also smaller ornaments were added to the vaults. The repair work and additions made in the following decades largely left the state of construction of 1923. The four-part chime, which comes from the court bell foundry Franz Schilling Söhne, Apolda Thuringia, was consecrated in 1926. In the years 1989–1990 the church was extensively renovated, with the interior of the choir floor plan being slightly enlarged by moving the altar steps forward. Later fixtures such as the confessionals that did not match the design or the vestibule at the main entrance were removed during this church renovation. The old terrazzo floor was replaced by a new one, which takes up the color of the church with red and green inclusions. The biggest structural intervention was the reconstruction of the sacristy , which was expanded and a cellar was added.
Choir equipment
The high altar was made by Carl Glauner, Wil SG in 1909. It is a three-part carved altar with a towering crack above the tabernacle . In the middle a sculptural group of figures of the Trinity can be discovered (patronage of the church), on the left a panel with figurative relief depicts the Transfiguration , on the right the baptism of Christ .
The two choir windows were painted in 1902 by Fritz Berbig, Zurich and show the four church fathers: St. Gregory and St. Ambrosius (left), St. Augustine and St. Hieronymus (right). The choir stalls are on the side of the choir wall and come from the workshop of Adolf Vogl, Hall from 1922. The people's altar is a new production based on designs by the architect Hugo Spirig from 1989.
Equipment of the nave
Both side altars were designed as counterparts . These are one-piece reredos with pinnacles from the workshop of Adolf Vogl, Hall from the year 1922. The left side altar shows the Annunciation in the middle shrine , St. Karl Borromeo (left) and St. Francis (right) in the side niches . . In the crown of the pinnacle, St. Anna with Maria as a child. The right side altar in the central shrine depicts the apparition of the Heart of Jesus to St. Margareta Maria Alacoque , surrounded by St. Lawrence (the second church patron, left) and St. Aloisius von Gonzaga (the patron saint of young men, right). In the crown of the pinnacle is St. Joseph with the baby Jesus.
The pulpit is on the west wall of the nave. The four evangelists can be found in the balustrade of the pulpit . There is a figure of Moses in the sound cover . The pulpit also comes from the workshop of Adolf Vogl, Hall.
The following groups of figures can also be found in the nave: As a counterpart to the pulpit on the east wall, a group of guardian angels , four sculptural statues of saints and apostles on consoles ( St. Agnes and St. Paul on the east wall and St. Peter and St. Cäcilia on the west wall), a group of Mounts of Olives, a Pietà group and the Way of the Cross, all from the workshop of Adolf Vogl, Hall. Finally, the confessional and the prayer niche date from 1989 and were created according to plans by the architect Hugo Spirig.
The windows of the nave are all original from 1902. They are double lanceolated transparent glasses on geometrical lead ornaments with leaf frieze frames in alternating colors.
organ
An organ sounded for the first time in the Trinity Church in June 1914. It was an instrument by the organ builder Friedrich Haas from 1865, which came from the Reformed Church in Thalwil and was repaired and expanded by the organ building company Goll for Bülach. In 1989 this instrument was expanded and bought back by the Reformed parish of Thalwil. This organ has been on the gallery of the Reformed Church in Thalwil since 1992.
In the years 1989–1990, today's organ was built by the Späth organ building company in Rapperswil SG . The instrument, which was created with the advice of Father Ambros Koch, Einsiedeln , is housed in a housing adapted to the style of the church in modeled neo-Gothic forms . It is an organ with 26 registers , which was inaugurated on September 30, 1990. The instrument has the following disposition :
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- Coupling : II / I, I / P, II / P
- Playing aids : Mixtures off, tongues off, 4-fold mechanical setting system
crypt
As part of the renovation of the rectory, a crypt was installed in its basement in 2007/08, which was inaugurated on August 31, 2008. In contrast to the neo-Gothic parish church, the crypt was designed simply: a wooden altar, a tabernacle set into the wall and a wooden cross characterize the room. Both the staircase in front of the crypt and on the tabernacle have a design with the dew - the last letter of the Hebrew alphabet - in a circle, which is divided into three parts by the Hebrew letter and thus reminds of the Trinity that the Parish is consecrated. This symbol is also taken up by the fountain in the courtyard between the church and the rectory. The round shape of this symbol is also reminiscent of the rosette in the neo-Gothic church and thus establishes the relationship between the more recent designs and the neo-Gothic church.
Monument protection
Like the Reformed Church in Bülach, the town hall and parts of Bülach's old town, the Catholic Trinity Church is also entered on the list of cultural assets of the Canton of Zurich (Category B).
literature
- Episcopal Ordinariate Chur (ed.): Schematism of the Diocese of Chur. Chur 1980.
- Parish Church Foundation Bülach (Ed.): Parish Bülach 1882-1982. 100 years of Catholic pastoral care in the Zurich Unterland. Bülach 1982.
- Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. Society for Swiss Art History. Bern 1992.
- Evangelical Reformed Church Bülach (Ed.): Our Church. Flyer.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. P. 12
- ↑ Evangelical Reformed Church Bülach (ed.): Our Church. P. 2
- ↑ Bischöfliches Ordinariat Chur (ed.): Schematism of the Diocese Chur P. 194
- ↑ Evangelical Reformed Church Bülach (ed.): Our Church. P. 2
- ^ Henri Truffer: Association of Roman Catholic Parishes of the City of Zurich. Zurich 1989, p. 192
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. Pp. 4-5
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. Pp. 5-6
- ^ Parish Church Foundation Bülach (ed.): Parish Bülach 1882-1982. 100 years of Catholic pastoral care in the Zurich Unterland. P. 13
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. Pp. 6-7
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. Pp. 8-9
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. P. 16
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. P. 7
- ↑ Bischöfliches Ordinariat Chur (ed.): Schematism of the Diocese Chur P. 233 and Bülach Parish Church Foundation (ed.): Bülach Parish 1882-1982. 100 years of Catholic pastoral care in the Zurich Unterland. P. 14
- ^ Parish Church Foundation Bülach (ed.): Parish Bülach 1882-1982. 100 years of Catholic pastoral care in the Zurich Unterland. P. 14 and 18
- ↑ Bischöfliches Ordinariat Chur (ed.): Schematism of the Diocese Chur P. 200 and website of the parish of Dielsdorf, section parish history. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
- ^ Parish Church Foundation Bülach (ed.): Parish Bülach 1882-1982. 100 years of Catholic pastoral care in the Zurich Unterland. P. 204
- ^ Parish Church Foundation Bülach (ed.): Parish Bülach 1882-1982. 100 years of Catholic pastoral care in the Zurich Unterland. Pp. 19-25
- ↑ Catholic Church of the Canton of Zurich (ed.): Annual Report 2017. P. 82
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. P. 18
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. P. 11
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. P. 32
- ^ Parish Church Foundation Bülach (ed.): Parish Bülach 1882-1982. 100 years of Catholic pastoral care in the Zurich Unterland. P. 160
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. Pp. 18-19
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. Pp. 19-21
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. Pp. 10-12
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. Pp. 15-16
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. Pp. 22-25
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. P. 26
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. Pp. 27-28
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. Pp. 28-30
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. P. 31
- ^ Parish Church Foundation Bülach (Ed.): Parish Bülach 1882-1982. 100 years of Catholic pastoral care in the Zurich Unterland. P. 16.
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. P. 10.
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. P. 15 and website of the Reformed parish Thalwil, section Church. ( Memento of the original from July 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved July 26, 2013.
- ^ Christian Renfer: Catholic Church Bülach. P. 15.
- ↑ Organ in Bülach, Dreifaltigkeitskirche ( Memento of the original from July 20, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Retrieved August 11, 2013.
- ^ Josef Maron: Artistic design of the crypt in Bülach. Flyer, 2008.
- ↑ List of Swiss cultural assets.
Coordinates: 47 ° 31 '16.7 " N , 8 ° 32' 6.8" E ; CH1903: 682590 / two hundred and sixty-three thousand nine hundred seventy-four