Pit Peine
| Pit Peine I / II | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 The Peine I / II mine as seen from Herrenkamp |
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| Mining technology | Longwall , chamber construction in different variants | ||
| Funding / year | up to 990,000 t | ||
| Funding / total | 14.1 million t of iron ore | ||
| Rare minerals | Pyrrhotite | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Ore mining Salzgitter AG | ||
| Employees | 959 (in 1956) | ||
| Start of operation | August 15, 1939 | ||
| End of operation | October 30, 1968 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Brown iron stone | ||
| Greatest depth | 640 m | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 52 ° 19 ′ 53 " N , 10 ° 12 ′ 20" E | ||
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| Location | Telgte | ||
| local community | Torment | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Torment | ||
| country | State of Lower Saxony | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Peine-Salzgitter area | ||
The Peine I / II double shaft facility is a former iron ore mine within the Lower Saxony town of Peine in the district of the same name north of the inner city district of Telgte on the border with Vöhrum .
The Peine mine was last operated by Erzbergbau Salzgitter AG .
geology
The creation of the Peiner ore deposit
The ore deposit of the former Peine mine is a marine-sedimentary rubble ore deposit .
In the Upper Cretaceous at the time of the Santonium (older name: Oberemscher ), the coastline of a sea was in the area of the Peiner ore deposits. On the coast of the clay layers were Gault to where Toneisenstein - geodes were embedded. The clay iron stones were created by the precipitation of dissolved iron in the water during the decomposition of dead animal organisms. The geodes were spherical or loaf-shaped with a diameter of up to one meter. The sea surf washed out the iron stones and, due to their greater density, preferentially deposited them in coastal depressions. The rock was naturally processed by the movement of the tides . The limonite rind partially peeled off, the pebbles disintegrated into pieces. The ascent of the neighboring Ölsburg salt dome created a trough in which the ore pebbles and debris collected in a thickness worth building .
Geographical location and extent
With the deposit of Peine is the geological continuation of a bearing that west of wholesale Bülten to day outcrop , where the foundation of the pit Bülten-Adenstedt formed. After an extensive dew zone, about 6 km from the Bülten deposit there is mineralization at a depth between 400 and 700 m. This part of the deposit begins below the inner city district of Telgte and continues with a dip of 18 to 20 ° below Vöhrum to the north of the A2 motorway .
mineralogy
The Peiner ores were brown iron stone rubble and pebbles with a basic character, the ratio of silica to lime was about 2 to 1. The average composition was: 25% Fe , 2 to 3% Mn , 1 to 1.5% P , 21 to 26% CaO and 5 to 10% SiO 2 .
Pyrrhotine has become known as a rarer mineral from the Peine mine .
History and technology
Predecessor mining
In contrast to the Bülten-Adenstedt and Lengede-Broistedt mines, mining in Peine began relatively late. This was because the deposit in Peine did not come to light. It was only discovered during oil exploration work by the Anton Raky drilling company from Salzgitter between 1930 and 1931. Nevertheless, a total of 13 authorized persons with a total area of 28.4 million m² were mooted in the area of the later Peine mine in the period from 1885 to 1904 , the basis of which, however, were non-minable clay iron stones from another geological formation.
The history of the Peine mine from 1931 to 1945
The investigation of the ore deposit and the start of mining
Raky muted the Eisensteinfeld Stederdorf 1 and 2 and Peine 1 . After the company went bankrupt, the fields were taken over in 1931 by a consortium of the companies Vereinigte Stahlwerke AG Düsseldorf, Hoesch AG Dortmund and Friedrich Krupp AG Essen. From 1936 onwards they had exploration drillings carried out in Peine, which, however, remained without any noteworthy ore discoveries.
From 1937 all previously been awarded mining concessions in Peine by the Empire Werke AG for ore mining and ironworks "Hermann Goering" taken, including Berechtsame the Ilseder hut . This had also carried out exploratory drilling in the vicinity of the later shaft system. The Reichswerke provided by further bores 19 within their digestion program detecting a mineable from their perspective deposit . The necessary concessions for the construction of a large shaft system were acquired, the planning of which began in 1938. The places for a possible shaft starting point were limited. To the east and west one was restricted by the construction limits of the camp. To the north were above ground terrain conditions through the flood plain of Fuhse that Trenteler Moor concentrated and by the motorway route. The Reichswerke therefore decided to build a double-shaft system far south of the deposit. For the further equipment for the later dismantling the camp had to be drilled and the shaft led far into the lying , although the lack of stability of the clay layers of the Gault was known from the experiences of the Ilseder Hütte. The best parts of the deposit were in the north and were therefore indispensable.
On August 15, 1939, work began on sinking what would later become the main Peine 1 shaft . He received a diameter of 6.75 m. The shaft construction work was entrusted to the Carl Deilmann company from Dortmund . The roughly 150 m thick gravel and sand layers ( Pleistocene ) were cut using the freezing process . This part of the shaft was then made watertight against the rock with segments . Two months later, the later Peine 2 weather shaft with a diameter of 5 m was tackled in the same way . This reached its final depth of 425 m on August 12, 1940. The sinking work on shaft 1 was stopped on May 27, 1941 at 566 m. From a depth of around 400 m , the shaft stood in the lying clays. A reinforced shaft extension was installed there. Nevertheless, the rock in the lower part of the shaft never came to rest and repairs had to be carried out constantly on the shaft lining and the filling points of the inverts . The two main production levels were created at depths of 385 and 525 m.
The first ore was mined in May 1941. It was incurred when driving the 385 m level. Scheduled mining did not begin until October 1943 in a part of the deposit only 1.5 to 2.5 m thick, which allowed the use of longwall mining . The face length was up to 80 m. The ore was extracted by drilling and shooting and then hand- loaded in chutes . Row stamps made of steel were used for security . The dismantling rate was 3 to 4 tons per man and shift (t / MS). A combined rack and container conveyance was available in shaft 1 for conveyance and rope travel .
The mine disaster of February 16, 1944
At the end of 1943, extensive repair work had to be carried out on the Peine 1 shaft as a result of rock movements . The damaged masonry below the 385 m level was removed piece by piece and the exposed joints were removed again immediately afterwards. On February 16, 1944 at 23:00 gave shaft lining suddenly to the shaft and went to 17 m below the 385 m level to completely break . A shaft wall was buried by the leaking mountains and was killed in the process. The rest of the workforce was able to get to safety on the 525 m level in good time and then go out via a thump and the 385 m level. For many years, a memorial stone on the factory premises of the mine reminded of the crashed miner. His body could not be recovered. A few years ago the stone was restored and moved to the Catholic cemetery in Telgte.
In order to prevent dangerous sagging of the debris in the shaft, it was flushed with sand to a depth of 407 meters. Another incident occurred during the backfilling work. The work took place in very cold weather and the frost led to leaks in the tubbing column. As a result, water (up to 370 l / min) flowed into the shaft and flooded parts of the 385 m level. Since shaft 1 had to be dropped between the 385 and 525 m level , blind floors and shafts were required in the future for the construction of the deeper parts of the deposit (→ substation construction ). At the end of 1944, work began on sinking the first die .
At the end of the Second World War , operations came to a standstill. Until then, a total of 285,000 tons of ore had been mined.
The history of the Peine mining industry from 1945 to 1975
The new beginning after the end of the war
In October 1945, Erzbergbau Salzgitter GmbH moved into temporary accommodation in the Finkenkuhle mine in Salzgitter-Bad and began work. The company was spun off from the Hermann-Göring-Werken in July 1941 as the operating company for the mines. After the war it was under trust management by the victorious powers . At the end of 1945 the mining operations in Peine started up again.
The dismantling process was converted to chamber construction . Preliminary tests had already taken place during the war. The joints were obtained with a diameter of 3 m × 3 m from a basic or tailgate of floating , d. H. ascending with the ore deposit, driven towards the head section . The basic section was used to convey the loose ore heap with vibrating chutes. To protect the miners against the outbreak of the ridges served Polish door frames . The cleared chambers were filled with tailings by hand . This mining process achieved outputs of 3.5 to 3.8 tons per man and shift.
The mining disaster of January 22, 1946
On January 22nd, 1946, another, even more tragic accident struck the Peine mine. During the midday rope journey, a cage detached itself from the rope and fell 400 m unchecked into the shaft. 44 miners died, only one survived. A memorial in the Telgter cemetery also commemorates this accident.
The heyday of the Peine mine in the 1950s
Because of the planned mining under the inhabited area, the use of backfill in the excavated mines (→ old man ) was necessary to avoid mountain damage . In addition, the warehouse was up to 10 m thick. Since there was not enough suitable tailings available, a sand pit was built in 1949 near the village of Eixe (now a district of Peine). The sand extracted by wet mining with a suction excavator was transported to the mine site by a connecting railway. From a shaft bunker , the sand was mixed with circulating water in the flushing basin and flushed into the abandoned excavation cavities via pipes. In the chamber construction with flushing offset , the joints had a cross-sectional dimension of 5.5 m × 3 m. Depending on the thickness of the soles in two to three were stopes nachgerissen (stepwise). To promote losgeschossen ore from the chambers served Scraper of Salzgitter Maschinenbau GmbH (SMAG) 1200 liter mining buckets.
A powerful blind shaft had to be sunk to transport the ores from the deeper parts of the deposit . Work on the so-called die 4 began in 1954. The shaft had a diameter of 5 m and reached down from the 385 m level to the newly created deepest level, the 640 m level (= fourth level).
Due to the reconstruction and the so-called economic miracle , there was a great need for iron and steel in the 1950s. To cover the supply of raw materials, the production was expanded at all pits of Salzgitter ore mining. The company was converted into a stock corporation in 1952 and was based on the Hannoversche Treue 2 mine in Salzgitter-Calbecht . Therefore, in 1958, a lease agreement was signed with Ilseder Hütte for additional mine fields.
In 1960 the highest annual production ever of almost 990,000 tons was reached. At that time, around 760 miners were working on the mine. In the same year a factory for building blocks was built next to the mine. The sand from the Eixe backfill pit served as the raw material. The bricks produced were delivered to all of the Salzgitter Group's plants.
Struggle for survival during the German ore mining crisis
After the most important steel companies in the Ruhr area decided at the end of 1961 not to buy domestic iron ore in future, the Peine mine also came under pressure. At this point in time, a ton of German ore with about 30% iron content cost around 100 German marks , a tonne from Sweden including transport cost 51 German marks with 60% iron content. The delivery contracts of Erzbergbau Salzgitter AG with the Ruhrhütten expired at the end of 1962 and were no longer extended. As a result, most of the mines' raw ore accumulated on heaps. In order to ensure the continued survival of the mine, the relative extraction rate had to be increased while reducing costs. The total funding was gradually reduced and the workforce was greatly reduced. (1963: 750,000 tons, 439 miners, 1967: 490,000 tons, 248 miners).
By optimizing the dismantling process, the so-called floating shock construction according to the Janol process , the output per man and shift was increased to 60.1 tons by 1968. This corresponds to almost twenty times the output at the start of mining at the Peine mine. In this special variant of the chamber construction, several excavation chambers were driven in parallel. By setting up an accompanying route, almost all work such as drilling, loading and backfilling could be carried out simultaneously without mutual hindrance. Powerful electric rotary drills and rubber belt conveyors were used.
The underground route network reached an expansion of 8 km in 1965. In 1966, 20 million tons of the pending ore reserves of 37.5 million tons were assessed as worth mining.
Decommissioning and planned subsequent use
On October 30, 1968, production at the Peine mine was stopped. The shutdown took place in favor of continued operation of the Bülten-Adenstedt mine as a supplier for the lime-rich ores. This pit also took over some of the dismissed miners. The rest of the workforce was housed in the Peiner rolling mill or in other industrial plants.
A total of 14.1 million tons of iron ore were extracted from the Peine mine.
After the promotion was abandoned, the shafts were initially kept open for a few years. In July 1971, plans arose to set up an underground special waste dump for hazardous industrial waste in the mine . This project failed because of the resistance in the surrounding population and was rejected by the Lower Saxony state government in 1974. A little later, both shafts were filled with 30,000 m³ of sand and tailings from the dump . At the end of 1974, the headframe of shaft 2 was blown up, the following year that of shaft 1 fell.
Current condition (2010)
The daytime facilities of the Peine I / II mine are located on Vöhrumer Straße (L 412) in Peine. With the exception of the shaft halls and headframes, all larger buildings have been completely preserved. One part was used by the Elmeg company (today Funkwerk AG ) until a few years ago , and another by the export packaging company Deufol , a subsidiary of D.Logistics .
The Zechenplatz is aligned along a northwest-southeast running axis and is bounded in the northeast by the former connecting railway and in the southwest by Vöhrumer Straße. This is where the factory entrance is located, which leads to the mine at a right angle. The former administration building is located on the left-hand side, directly adjoining it with the typical raised middle section for the clothes lifts. To the right of the factory entrance are garages and ancillary buildings. On the Zechenplatz are the workshop buildings in a first building line, in a second the hoisting machine houses with the converter buildings. The former function of the hoisting machine houses can be derived from the architectural emphasis on the cable outlets in the form of a vertical groove. The buildings follow the typical cubic and monumental architectural style of the pits in the Salzgitter area. Furthermore, the recultivated dump area can still be seen. In the vicinity of the mine is the Im Herrenkamp residential area , which originally served as a residential area for the miners.
literature
- Otto Bilges et al .: The lights are out - About the historic mining in the Peine district . Doris Bode Verlag, Haltern 1987, ISBN 3-925094-07-5 .
- Rainer Slotta : Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany - Volume 5, Part 1: The iron ore mining . German Mining Museum, Bochum 1986.
- Heinrich Korthöber et al .: Mining in Salzgitter . the history of mining and the life of miners from the beginning to the present. In: Archives of the City of Salzgitter (Ed.): Contributions to the city's history . 1st edition. tape 13 . Appelhans, Salzgitter 1997, ISBN 3-930292-05-X , p. 420 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bilges et al .: The lights are out . 1987, p. 18
- ↑ a b Slotta: Technical Monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany, Volume 5, Part 1 . 1986, p. 225
- ↑ a b c Slotta: Technical Monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany, Volume 5, Part 1 . 1986, pp. 241-242
- ^ Mineralienatlas - Grube Peine , accessed on April 6, 2010.
- ↑ a b Bilges et al .: The lights are out . 1987, p. 202
- ↑ a b Bilges et al .: The lights are out . 1987, p. 207
- ↑ Slotta: Technical Monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany, Volume 5, Part 1 . 1986, p. 243
- ↑ a b c Slotta: Technical Monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany, Volume 5, Part 1 . 1986, p. 245
- ↑ a b Slotta: Technical Monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany, Volume 5, Part 1 . 1986, p. 244
- ↑ www.myheimat.de 1944 mine accident in Telgte, accessed on April 7, 2010
- ↑ a b c d e f Bilges et al .: The lights are out . 1987, p. 212
- ↑ a b c d e f Slotta: Technical Monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany, Volume 5, Part 1 . 1986, p. 248
- ↑ a b Korthöber et al .: Mining in Salzgitter . 1997, p. 73
- ↑ a b Slotta: Technical Monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany, Volume 5, Part 1 . 1986, p. 246
- ↑ Monuments and sculptures in Peine - Honorary resting place Friedhof Telgte , accessed on January 21, 2016.
- ↑ a b Slotta: Technical Monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany, Volume 5, Part 1 . 1986, p. 247
- ↑ ERZGRUBEN: Last shift . In: Der Spiegel . No. 50 , 1961 ( online ).
- ↑ Korthöber et al .: Mining in Salzgitter . 1997, p. 87
- ↑ a b Bilges et al .: The lights are out . 1987, p. 213
- ↑ Slotta: Technical Monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany, Volume 5, Part 1 . 1986, pp. 249-251
