Eisenhammer on the Roth

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Eisenhammer on the Roth
City of Roth
Coordinates: 49 ° 13 ′ 12 ″  N , 11 ° 8 ′ 1 ″  E
Height : 343 m above sea level NHN
Postal code : 91154
Area code : 09171
Eisenhammer an der Roth (Bavaria)
Eisenhammer on the Roth

Location of Eisenhammer an der Roth in Bavaria
Eisenhammer to Eckersmühlen
Eisenhammer to Eckersmühlen

Eisenhammer an der Roth (also known as Eisenhammer Eckersmühlen ) is a former hammer smithy and a district of the city of Roth in the Central Franconian district of Roth in Bavaria . Today the property is a museum farmstead that keeps the art of hammer forging alive and reminds of the time of the old blacksmith families.

Geographical location

The hamlet is located around 28 kilometers south of Nuremberg , in a wood around 500 m northwest of the outskirts of Eckersmühlen on the river Roth . A residential path leads there from State Road 2220 .

history

An oil mill of the Teutonic Order was mentioned in a document as early as 1464, and in 1562 it was converted into a Zain and brass hammer under Michael Peßmüller and placed under the protection of the Margrave of Ansbach . Since then the property has been called "Unterer Hammer". During the Thirty Years War the company fell into disrepair. It was not bought by the margravial clerk Eyermann until 1686 and converted into an iron hammer . Even then, agricultural tools and implements were being made there. The iron ore required was initially obtained from the surrounding area and later from the Upper Palatinate . In addition, worn equipment and other scrap iron were collected and recycled.

In the first decades the owners of the iron hammer changed frequently, the success of the company was low. The rise of the Schäff blacksmith dynasty began with Johann Michael Schäff I, who came from Hammer Kreutmühle near Hesselberg and came into possession of the farm through marriage in 1775, which lasted around 200 years and only ended when the company closed down in 1974. The heyday of the iron hammer began with the sheep.

In the following decades, the Schäffs consolidated their position by purchasing arable land and woodland and building a sawmill, expanding their influence and prosperity. Johann Michael Schäff I was followed by his son, Johann Michael Schäff II. His eldest son, in turn, founded another line of Schäff iron hammers in Kreidenzell alongside those at Hesselberg and Eckersmühlen.

Towards the end of the 18th century, Eisenhammer belonged to Eckersmühlen . There was an estate. The high court exercised the Brandenburg-Ansbach Oberamt Roth . The estate was owned by the Roth Kastenamt as landlord . Under the Prussian administration (1792–1806) of the Principality of Ansbach, Eisenhammer received house numbers 46 to 48 in the village of Eckersmühlen.

As part of the municipal edict, Eisenhammer was assigned to the Eckersmühlen tax district, which was formed in 1808 . It also belonged to the rural community of Eckersmühlen , which was founded in 1811 .

At the time of industrialization in Germany, the property went to Johann Michael Schäff III. In 1862, during whose time the iron hammer fell. Schäff III. used the new achievements from the start. He brought about the construction of a local railway from Roth via Hilpoltstein to Greding , which simplified and facilitated the transport of the raw materials required in the hammer and the delivery of the products. The completion of the railway line in 1887 revived the production of the iron hammer. However, the limits of the iron hammer's capacity now also became apparent: it was tied to the hydropower, which could not be increased at will, and could therefore only fulfill the orders on time with very long working hours.

In 1892 Johann Schäff IV took over the business. During his time, competition from industry grew. He saw himself in 1909 forced to modernize: He had a new military build out of concrete and the existing water wheel through a turbine to replace that with 6 hp through a transmission not only hammers, but also the fans of the forge, a lathe , a drill and a forage cutting machine for the associated agriculture drive. In addition, a dynamo was operated to generate electricity .

After Johann Schäff's fourth son Fritz Schäff had worked at Eisenhammer since 1918, the homestead finally passed into his possession in 1936. As early as 1933, the last owner of the Schäff hammer had extensive modernizations carried out in the forging hall. This ensured that the order situation initially improved again during the war production. The structural change and industrial mass production led to the decline of the company. Until 1956, when Schäff's wife Käthe died childless, the iron hammer and sawmill barely made a living. After all, Fritz Schäff only financed his life by selling fields and forests.

The entire time, however, he kept his system running technically. At the beginning of the 1980s, Fritz Schäff, who had dealt with the regional history and the history of the 23 Schäff iron hammers, sold his property to the district of Roth and the city of Roth. The homestead was opened as a museum in 1985 and has been continuously expanded since then.

The former district of Eckersmühlen was incorporated into the city of Roth on May 1, 1978 together with its main town as part of the regional reform .

Architectural monuments

  • House No. 1: residential building
  • House number 3: factory building

Population development

year 001818 001840 001861 001871 001885 001900 001925 001950 001961 001970 001987
Residents 5 14th * 14th 13 11 13 7th 15th 13 *
Houses 3 3 1 1 2 1 4th *
source
* Place is counted as Eckersmühlen.

religion

The inhabitants of the Evangelical Lutheran denomination are parish in the Trinity Church (Eckersmühlen) .

Museum unit

The museum consists of several units: On request and on public holidays, there are forging demonstrations in the old forging hall. As in the old days, the museum supervisors heat a piece of iron in the fire of the forge and shape it into a square nail under the blows of the heavy water-powered drop hammers . The original furnishings of the last blacksmith Fritz Schäff have been preserved in the manor house built in 1699/1700 . The permanent exhibition From ore to iron in the former sawmill explains the path from the extraction of raw materials to the finished products. The former stable building offers space for special exhibitions . The museum is also part of the North Bavarian Industriestrasse .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Eisenhammer adRoth in Bavaria Atlas
  2. ↑ a b W. Ulsamer (Ed.), P. 273.
  3. ↑ F. Eigler, p. 174.
  4. ↑ F. Eigler, p. 388.
  5. ↑ F. Eigler, p. 470 f.
  6. ↑ Only inhabited houses are given. In 1818 these were designated as fireplaces , in 1840 as houses and from 1885 to 1961 as residential buildings.
  7. ↑ Alphabetical index of all the localities contained in the Rezatkkreis according to its constitution by the newest organization: with indication of a. the tax districts, b. Judicial Districts, c. Rent offices in which they are located, then several other statistical notes . Ansbach 1818, p. 21 ( digitized version ).
  8. ↑ Eduard Vetter (Ed.): Statistical handbook and address book of Middle Franconia in the Kingdom of Bavaria . Self-published, Ansbach 1846, p. 215 ( digitized version ).
  9. ^ Joseph Heyberger, Chr. Schmitt, v. Wachter: Topographical-statistical manual of the Kingdom of Bavaria with an alphabetical local dictionary . In: K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Bavaria. Regional and folklore of the Kingdom of Bavaria . tape 5 . Literary and artistic establishment of the JG Cotta'schen Buchhandlung, Munich 1867, Sp. 1089 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb10374496-4 ( digital copy ).
  10. ↑ Kgl. Statistical Bureau (ed.): Complete list of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to districts, administrative districts, court districts and municipalities, including parish, school and post office affiliation ... with an alphabetical general register containing the population according to the results of the census of December 1, 1875 . Adolf Ackermann, Munich 1877, 2nd section (population figures from 1871, cattle figures from 1873), Sp. 1255 , urn : nbn: de: bvb: 12-bsb00052489-4 ( digitized version ).
  11. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Localities directory of the Kingdom of Bavaria. According to government districts, administrative districts, ... then with an alphabetical register of locations, including the property and the responsible administrative district for each location. LIV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1888, Section III, Sp. 1191 ( digitized version ).
  12. ↑ K. Bayer. Statistical Bureau (Ed.): Directory of localities of the Kingdom of Bavaria, with alphabetical register of places . LXV. Issue of the contributions to the statistics of the Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich 1904, Section II, Sp. 1263 ( digitized version ).
  13. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Localities directory for the Free State of Bavaria according to the census of June 16, 1925 and the territorial status of January 1, 1928 . Issue 109 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1928, Section II, Sp. 1301 ( digitized version ).
  14. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria - edited on the basis of the census of September 13, 1950 . Issue 169 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1952, DNB  453660975 , Section II, Sp. 1124 ( digitized version ).
  15. ↑ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official city directory for Bavaria, territorial status on October 1, 1964 with statistical information from the 1961 census . Issue 260 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1964, DNB  453660959 , Section II, Sp. 823 ( digitized version ).
  16. ^ Bavarian State Statistical Office (ed.): Official place directory for Bavaria . Issue 335 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich 1973, DNB  740801384 , p. 179 ( digitized version ).
  17. ↑ Bavarian State Office for Statistics and Data Processing (Ed.): Official local directory for Bavaria, territorial status: May 25, 1987 . Issue 450 of the articles on Bavaria's statistics. Munich November 1991, DNB  94240937X , p. 349 ( digitized version ).