Moritzburg women's pond

	Frauenteich Moritzburg nature reserve IUCN Category IV - Habitat / Species Management Area
	Aerial photo with a view of the NSG Frauenteich Moritzburg, 2010
location	Moritzburg , Saxony , Germany
surface	202 ha
Identifier	D 31
WDPA ID	14509
Geographical location	51 ° 11 ' N , 13 ° 42' E Coordinates: 51 ° 11 '0 " N , 13 ° 41' 30" E
Sea level	from 160 m to 171 m
Setup date	September 1, 1954; ; extended on June 23, 1983 ; and December 15, 1999

Frauenteich Moritzburg is a nature reserve (NSG) in the district of Meißen in Saxony . The approximately 202 hectare area with NSG no. D 31 lies partly in the Saxon community of Moritzburg and partly in the area of the neighboring town of Radeburg north of Dresden . It is part of the two landscape protection areas Moritzburger Kleinkuppenlandschaft as well as Friedewald, Moritzburger Teichgebiet and Lößnitz . In addition to the Frauenteich, which gives it its name, it includes the much smaller Schösserteich and also includes some forests, meadows and fields in the vicinity. The area has been under protection since 1954. An ordinance issued by the Dresden Regional Council on December 15, 1999 established the area as a nature reserve. The last change was made by an ordinance issued by the Dresden Regional Council on April 13, 2007.

Location and surroundings

The Frauenteich is one of the larger Moritzburg ponds . The closest large ponds in the area are the Mittelteich 300 meters to the west, the Niedere Großteich Bärnsdorf one kilometer south-east and the Schlossteich 1.5 kilometers south-west.

In administrative geographical terms, the nature reserve belongs to the city of Radeburg and half to the municipality of Moritzburg. The latter part lies entirely in the Moritzburg district , which extends around the castle of the same name , and in addition to the vast majority of the water area of the Frauenteich, it also includes the southwestern bank and adjacent corridors, including the wooded Jähnert corridor. The Radeburg part is divided into two smaller sections in the north-east (around the corridor known as the consequences) and south-east (Mauerwiese), which are part of the Berbisdorf district , and a larger area in the north, which is part of the Bärwalde district . In the latter are a small area of the water area of the Frauenteich, the Schösserteich, the Lange Wiesen corridor and the 171 m above sea level. NN high Winkelberg towering over the water surface by twelve meters, the highest point in the nature reserve.

State road 80, which connects Moritzburg and Radeburg, forms the southeastern border of the nature reserve. In the west, the nature reserve extends to the road from Moritzburg to Bärwalde in the middle of the pond. The remaining borders of the nature reserve run mainly along marked hiking trails. Closest places are Berbisdorf one kilometer east, Bärnsdorf two kilometers southeast, Moritzburg (or rather the Eisenberg district ) two kilometers south and Bärwalde just under two kilometers northwest.

Water balance and climate

Frauenteich, 2014.

The 67-hectare Frauenteich (pure water area: 53 hectares) is fed by several ditches that flow into it, the most important of which drains the central pond. Another opening ditch drains the 2.9 hectare Schösserteich (water area: 1 hectare), others flow in from the north and south. The water of the Frauenteich flows into the directly neighboring Luisenteich, which is just outside the nature reserve. It in turn drains into the Jähnertbach, which in turn flows into the Promnitz . It is the most important receiving water of the Moritzburg ponds and flows into the Große Röder in Radeburg , which is tributary over the Black Elster of the Elbe . The annual rainfall in the nature reserve is around 650 millimeters.

Geology and soils

In the area of the nature reserve, Variscan igneous rocks from the Meißner massif ( quartz - monzonite , dike rocks ) border in the southwest with gneiss of the Großenhainer group from the Neoproterozoic with inserted metamorphic overprinted basic rocks ( amphibolic schist ) in the northeast. In addition, granodiorite gneisses lie to the southeast . The boundary of the rock complex is designed as a fault zone . During the Elster Ice Age, glaciers divided the surface into troughs and rounded rocky peaks. As a result of this massive evacuation, it appeared very restless, but this was evened out in the older part of the Saale complex when meltwater from the Sander- Sands glacier deposited. They were, in turn, intensively reshaped during the younger Saale and Vistula glaciers. In Holocene streams superimposed sediments from.

On the rock domes located flat- find to medium subtle, gritty -steinige up sandy substrates . Then came podzolic brown soils and brown soils-podzols. They are also developed on the hilltop flanks, but there on substrates from the fluvioglacial sands, which are partially covered by thin layers of drifting sand . Around the ponds characterize groundwater and backwaters the floors. This is Gleye . Gley and Pseudogley often go into Humusgley and in places even into Niedermoorgley . The digested sludge on the bottom of the pond indicates the transition from Gyttja to Sapropel .

Flora and fauna

Marsh spider ( Araneus alsine ) in the Frauenteich Moritzburg NSG, 1997.

Two cranes ( Grus grus ) in the NSG Frauenteich Moritzburg, 2014.

Green hay horse ( Tettigonia viridissima ) in the NSG Frauenteich Moritzburg, 1997.

As a nutrient-rich, eutrophic body of water, the Frauenteich has the typical sequence of silting zones . The open water area is populated with the common water crowfoot ( Ranunculus aquatilis ) and the water knotweed ( Persicaria amphibia ). Toward land follow one another reedbeds with broad- and Schmalblättrigem cattails and frogbit ( Hydro morsus-ranae ) and various types of lenses ( small duckweed , spirodela polyrhiza ), then wholesale and small sedge and finally with tangle-rush and the ordinary Devil's socialized Molinia . Ash willows can also be found in the silting area of the Schösserteich .

The forests consist of forest associations and birch-oak forest , the potential natural vegetation would be an oak- red beech forest . In addition to intensive grassland, grassland also includes oat meadows , wet meadows , creeping and floodplains . 293 species of ferns and seeds grow in the nature reserve, and 47 mosses, 108 fungi and 17 lichens have been identified. The most remarkable plant species include the ostrich loosestrife , which is endangered in Germany , the specially protected water feather and the water hemlock . Mass occurrences can be found of the misunderstood water hose, which is endangered in Germany . In and around the Schösserteich there are stocks of the rare knotweed spawn . The pale violet milkling, which is very rare in Germany, is one of the species of mushroom in the nature reserve.

With more than 190 bird species, about half of which are breeding birds, the nature reserve is considered to be a nationally important breeding, feeding, resting and moulting area. a. for Water Rail , Reed Warbler , lapwing and sometimes also the bittern . The black-headed gull breeding colony became extinct in 1996. In addition, all four native species of divers occur ( great crested grebe , red-necked grebe , black-necked grebe , little grebe ). The partridge , the barnacle warbler and the whinchat, which have become very rare in Saxony , have their territories in the open country, whereas birds of prey and woodpeckers settle in the forests. In 1957, 222 species of birds had been mapped in the water. 31 mammal species, including martens and bats, also breed at the Frauenteich.

history

An old natural stone wall runs through the entire southern part of the nature reserve, roughly parallel to the pond bank, on which many mosses and lichens settle. This former enclosure of the old zoo (cf. Moritzburg game reserve ) is listed as part of the Moritzburg cultural landscape as a whole .

An important measure to protect nature was the separation of the Moritzburger Frauenteich from the LSG and the classification as a nature reserve (NSG), which largely limits the perception of "human interests" in this area. The area around the Frauenteich has been designated as a European bird sanctuary by the EU and included in the Natura 2000 program. It is also classified as an "Important Bird Area".

literature

Friedemann Klenke: Nature reserves in Saxony. State Ministry for the Environment and Agriculture, Dresden 2008. pp. 362–365.
Lössnitz and Moritzburg pond landscape (= values of our homeland . Volume 22). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1973.

Web links

Commons : Frauenteich Moritzburg nature reserve - collection of images, videos and audio files

Statutory ordinances on the NSG