Friedrich Wilhelm Bülow von Dennewitz

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Friedrich Wilhelm Bülow von Dennewitz
Signature Friedrich Wilhelm Bülow von Dennewitz.PNG

Friedrich Wilhelm von Bülow , from 1814 Count Bülow von Dennewitz (born February 16, 1755 in Falkenberg , † February 25, 1816 in Königsberg ) was a Prussian general of the Wars of Liberation and a composer of church music . He is considered to be a triple “savior of Berlin”, since he defended the city in the battles of Luckau , Großbeeren and Dennewitz in 1813 against Napoleon .

Life

Bülow statue by Christian Daniel Rauch on Unter den Linden boulevard in Berlin, 1822
Bülow monument by Victor Seifert in Dennewitz

Friedrich Wilhelm was born on the family estate Falkenberg der Bülows in the Altmark . He was the son of Friedrich Ulrich Arwed von Bülow (1726–1791) and his wife Sophie, née Schultz (1727–1794).

On April 2, 1768, Bülow joined the Infantry Regiment "von Lottum" No. 13 of the Prussian Army as a private corporal . As a secondary lieutenant (since April 1, 1778), he took part with his regiment in the War of the Bavarian Succession and proved himself during the battle with Leopold .

In 1793, Bülow was commanded to serve as captain for Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia . He held this position until the Treaty of Basel . In the meantime, Bülow fought in the 1793/94 campaign near Kaiserslautern , Eichweiler, Meckenheim, Roth, Herzogenbusch, Altdorf, Fischingen and the siege of Mainz . For the storm on the Zahlbacher Schanze Bülow was awarded the Pour le Mérite on July 17, 1793 .

After he had been promoted to major on April 3, 1794 , he came as such on November 14, 1795 to the fusilier battalion "Stutterheim" No. 21 of the 2nd East Prussian Fusilier Brigade. Within the brigade, he was appointed chief of the newly established Fusilier Battalion No. 24 on September 12, 1797. For a short time, from November 15, 1805, Bülow was commander of the "Prince Louis" infantry regiment No. 20 , but then returned at his own request on 7. December 1805 back to the 2nd East Prussian Fusilier Brigade. There he became a colonel on May 23, 1806 . During the 1806/07 campaign , Bülow fought under L'Estocq near Thorn and Danzig and was wounded on February 5, 1807 near Waltersdorf by a gunshot in the left arm. Most recently he worked as a brigadier in the troops of Lieutenant General Blücher . In 1808 Major General and in 1809 Brigadier of the Pomeranian Infantry Brigade were his next posts, here first under Blücher and then under Yorck . In 1812, as a representative of Yorck, he was made Deputy Governor General of East and West Prussia.

In the campaign of 1813

Pyramid in memory of the Battle of Großbeeren in Großbeeren
Plaque with Bülow's words on the pyramid

Bülow was at the beginning of the war in 1813 lieutenant general and commanding general of III. Army Corps appointed. In the battle of Möckern on April 5, 1813, only his cavalry took part. On May 2, he stormed Halle an der Saale and, through his success in the battle near Luckau against Marshal Oudinot, protected Berlin, which was threatened by the French . After the armistice in August 1813, his corps was assigned to the Northern Army of the Crown Prince of Sweden and was initially forced to remain inactive. Against the will of the Commander-in-Chief, he fought the Battle of Großbeeren on August 23 , where he defeated Oudinot for the second time. On September 6th, he and Tauentzien fought the Battle of Dennewitz , in which he defeated the French Marshal Michel Ney and inflicted such considerable losses on the French that he was able to finally save Berlin. For this he received the oak leaves for the Pour le Mérite. Since then he has been called "the always happy Bülow" by the Berliners, as he was the only general of his time never to lose a battle.

Bülow took part in the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig as commander of the 3rd Prussian Corps. Coming from Paunsdorf and Reudnitz , he and his troops were the first to appear before Leipzig on October 19. He later turned west, occupied Westphalia and by the end of January 1814 conquered practically all of Holland and Belgium . Bülow was then drafted with his force into the army of Field Marshal Blucher , who was in Champagne . On the way there he took the fortresses of La Fère and Soissons and took part in the Battle of Laon on March 9th and 10th . His king honored his services with the award of the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross on September 15, 1813 and on December 11, 1813 with the Order of the Red Eagle First Class.

In the campaign of 1814 and 1815

Bülow's troops accompanied Blucher's advance to Paris . On April 3, 1814, the king made him Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle . Finally he concluded the campaign with the storming of Montmartre in Paris. He was appointed General of the Infantry and received the Commander's Cross of the Maria Theresa Order on May 18, 1814 . On June 3, 1814, he was raised to the rank of count under the name of Bülow von Dennewitz .

On April 1, 1815, he was given supreme command of the IV Army Corps , but inadvertently did not bring his troops to the battle of Ligny in time . In the following Battle of Waterloo on June 18, he was an important factor in the eventual victory over Emperor Napoleon I. On July 14, 1815, the Count was appointed chief of the 15th Infantry Regiment by army order . The King of the Netherlands awarded him the Grand Cross of the Military Wilhelms Order on July 28, 1815 , and King Friedrich Wilhelm III. gave him 25,000 thalers.

Bülow returned to East Prussia in October 1815, already physically marked, and there took over the I. Army Corps in Königsberg as commanding general . There he died a few months later on February 25, 1816 of the consequences of a cold that he caught while hunting.

In addition to the craft of war, Bülow also dealt with the fine arts and composed several motets , a mass and the 51st and 100th psalm .

family

Bülow was married twice. On November 9, 1802, he married Auguste Marianne (1780–1807), the daughter of the Prussian major general Johann Kasimir von Auer, in Königsberg . The couple had the following children:

  • Wilhelmine († 1805)
  • Johanna Auguste (* 1806)
  • Marianne (June 29, 1807 - February 1, 1874) ∞ Anton Otto Ludwig Leopold Eugen von Bardeleben (May 15, 1797 - April 4, 1884), son of Karl Alexander von Bardeleben

After their death he married on June 27, 1808 with the sister of his first wife Pauline Juliane (1790-1842). The following children were born from the marriage:

  • Elise Sophie Friederike (1810-1811)
  • Rudolf Wilhelm (1811-1812)
  • Albert Friedrich (* 1811)
  • Luise Pauline (* October 25, 1813; † 1905) ∞ Karl Eduard von Bülow (1803-1853) (Luise became the stepmother of Hans von Bülow )
  • Pauline Wilhelmine Victorie Beerenhilde (* July 15, 1815 - August 18, 1867) ∞ Viktor Karl Ludwig Johann von Klinckowstroem (* August 23, 1813: † November 8, 1876)

Honors

On January 27, 1889, Kaiser Wilhelm II named Infantry Regiment No. 55 “Count Bülow von Dennewitz” (6th Westphalian) No. 55 as a lasting memory . He is also the namesake of Bülowstrasse in Berlin , Cologne , Leipzig , Kiel-Blücherplatz and a large number of other Bülowstrasse in other localities. A Reichspostdampfer of the Feldherren-class was named "Bülow". In the Liberation Hall in Kelheim his name is mentioned on one of the commander's tablets.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of Count Bülow von Dennewitz 1814

1814: Squared shield with red border and with a central shield. The middle shield is also squared with a heart shield. This heart shield shows fourteen golden pennies, or balls, 4, 4, 3, 3 (probably also 4, 4, 3, 2, 1) in blue. 1 and 4 five silver, wavy, narrow bars or threads drawn in blue; 2 and 3 in blue a right-turned blue bird with a golden breast, holding a golden bing adorned with a diamond in its beak. 1 and 4 of the main shield in silver the Prussian black eagle without scepter and orb; 2 and 3 in gold a laurel wreath formed from two branches, open at the top, and in front of this a sword with a gold handle standing upright. The red edge of the shield contains the words: Dennewitz in the lower half . September 6, 1813 . The shield is covered by a count's crown on which are four helmets, of which the right, the second and the left are adorned with a count's crown. On the right helmet stands the Prussian black eagle looking inwards; on the second an open, blue flight, the wings of which are covered with the bars of the 1st and 4th field of the central shield. The third helmet is covered with a blue-gold bead and bears the bird of the 2nd and 3rd field of the central shield between two golden wings, each of which is covered with a blue buffalo horn and this is again covered with seven golden pennies or balls. On the left helmet is the sword with the laurel wreath, as in the 2nd and 3rd fields of the main shield. The covers of the right helmet are silver and black, those of the second silver and blue, the third gold and blue, and the left gold and green.

literature

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Wilhelm Bülow von Dennewitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. http://www.epoche-napoleon.net/bio/b/buelow01.html
  2. Jakob Saß: Wars of Liberation: When Napoleon almost conquered Berlin . In: THE WORLD . August 23, 2013 ( welt.de [accessed November 10, 2018]).
  3. General von Bülow received the Grand Cross of the Iron Cross for winning the battle and was later given the name of "Count von Dennewitz" for himself and his descendants.
  4. Bülow-Dennewitz: General and Patriot. Retrieved November 10, 2018 .
  5. Jaromir Hirtenfeld : The Military Maria Theresa Order and its members. Vienna, 1857.
  6. ^ Alfred Cramer : History of the Infantry Regiment Prince Friedrich of the Netherlands (2nd Westphalian) No. 15. Berlin 1910, Verlag R. Eisenschmid, publishing house for military science.
  7. ^ Yearbook of the German Nobility. Volume 2, 1898, p. 25 ( dlib.rsl.ru ).
  8. ^ Karl Hopf : Historical-genealogical atlas since the birth of Christ. Volume 1, issue 2, p. 101 ( books.google.de digitalisat).
  9. Hans-G. Hilscher, Dietrich Bleihöfer: Bülowstrasse. In: Kiel Street Lexicon. Continued since 2005 by the Office for Building Regulations, Surveying and Geoinformation of the State Capital Kiel, as of February 2017 ( kiel.de ).
  10. ^ Reichspostdampfer Bülow (1906–1951)
  11. see page about the Liberation Hall at Napoleon-Monuments.eu.
  12. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : German count houses of the present: in heraldic, historical and genealogical relation. 3. Volume A-K. TO Weigel Publishing House, Leipzig 1852, p. 132.