Holzappel pit
| Holzappel pit | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| General information about the mine | |||
 |
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| other names | Holzappel Pit Leopoldine-Louise | ||
| Mining technology | Ridge construction | ||
| Funding / year | Max. around 50,000 t | ||
| Funding / total | 360,000 t zinc, 180,000 t lead, 130 t silver t | ||
| Rare minerals | Pale ore , chalcopyrite , pyrite , siderite | ||
| Information about the mining company | |||
| Operating company | Stolberger Zink AG for mining and smelting operations Aachen | ||
| Employees | 831 (1890) | ||
| Start of operation | possibly Roman / before 1535/1751 | ||
| End of operation | 1952 | ||
| Funded raw materials | |||
| Degradation of | Silver-containing lead luster / zinc blende | ||
| Mightiness | 0.5-1 m | ||
| Greatest depth | 1,077 m | ||
| Degradation of | Zinc cover | ||
| Geographical location | |||
| Coordinates | 50 ° 20 '27 " N , 7 ° 53' 34" E | ||
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| local community | Verbandsgemeinde Diez | ||
| District ( NUTS3 ) | Rhein-Lahn district | ||
| country | State of Rhineland-Palatinate | ||
| Country | Germany | ||
| District | Bergrevier Diez, Lower Lahn | ||
The pit Holzappel (also pit Holzappel Leopoldine-Louise ) is an abandoned lead - zinc - mine in the Esterau in Rhein-Lahn-circuit in Rheinland-Pfalz . The pit closed in 1952 was one of the deepest ore mines in Germany with a depth of 1,077 meters and was the first mine to reach a depth of more than 1,000 meters. Although named after the local community of Holzappel , the mining and processing plants extended mainly in the vicinity of Dörnberg (Lahn) and Laurenburg .
The former importance of the Holzappel mine was expressed in a personal inspection by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe on July 23, 1815.
Mining began before 1535, possibly even in Roman times.
geology
The Holzappel pit was built on the Holzappeler gangway train (also called the 6th train ). This belonged together with the Emser Gangzug , the Malberger Gangzug , the Hömberg-Dausener Gangzug , the Windener Gangzug and the Weinährer-Ehrentaler Gangzug to the lead-zinc-ore distribution area of the Lower Lahn .
The creation of the Holzappeler gangway
The Untere-Lahn-Revier , formerly also Bergrevier Diez , is located in the extreme southwest of the Westerwald , which is part of the Rhenish Slate Mountains . This originated in the Devonian from sedimentary deposits. During the Carboniferous , tectonic processes shifted and folded the rock layers. Due to volcanic activity, hydrothermal solutions rose from the earth's interior. Along foliation structures is crystallized veins from the metal-rich solutions. Further movements in the ore crust caused disturbances in the course of the Holzappeler passage.
Geographical location and extent
The Holzappeler Gangzug stretches from northeast to southwest. Over a known length of around 4 km, it runs south from Holzappel via Dörnberg-Hütte to the Lahn to Obernhof , where it was opened up by the sister mine Leopoldine-Louise in the Gelbachtal valley . The corridor consisted of three almost parallel corridors ( White Mountain Corridor , Main Corridor and Reclining Trumm ) with a dip of about 50 gon to the southeast. A fourth speed ( traverse ) crosses the other at 16 ° northwest direction as so-called diagonal transition. The thickness of the main corridor was half a meter to one meter. Northeast-southwest of the timber Appeler lode is by Morning main gap , Evening main gap , the Ulrikenschachter fractures and Western main gap discarded. There were also displacements of up to 40 meters in the horizontal direction when falling, which are referred to here as benches .
mineralogy
The adjacent rock in the area of the Holzappeler Gangzug is formed by clay slate and greywacke . The main part of the mineralization consisted of zinc blende and silver-bearing galena (500 to 700 g silver / tonne galena). The ratio of zinc to lead ore was 3: 1 to 5: 1. In the later ore, zinc blende and galena together made up 26%. Occasionally some copper pebbles and even more rarely pale ore appeared. With increasing depth , quartz and spate iron displaced the remaining ores to the point of deadening .
History and technology
Predecessor mining
That already the Romans in the later pit Holzappel mining have operated is indeed suspected but until now could not be proved. Roman mining in the neighboring lead-zinc mines near Bad Ems is considered secure. The mention of Roman silver mines near Tacitus can refer to this deposit , there is no evidence for this. The pit was not located on Roman territory, but 9 km outside the Limes . The oldest documented evidence is the cap of a weather door with the year 1535, which was found in the Heuweger tunnel.
The decree of the Nassau-Catzelnbogischen Bergordnung of September 1st, 1559 by Count Wilhelm the Rich of Nassau-Dillenburg already suggests extensive mining activities in the region. The Leopoldine-Louise mine was opened in 1587. In the later founding phase of the Holzappel mine, there is talk of the excavation of old tunnels . The Segen Gottes mine from 1585 described by JP Becher was temporarily regarded as the forerunner of the Holzappel mine, although it is actually located in the Mühltal west of Berg .
In the 16th century ores were usually mined near the surface in shallow shafts or short tunnels , which had a high silver content due to weathering processes, or pale ores, which were preferred there. In this way, pinging trains were created that followed the strike of the veins .
The county of Holzappel was established in 1643 . The rule was enfeoffed with the mining right to the mineral resources occurring there . Prince Viktor I. Amadeus Adolf von Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym gave this extraction right to Princess Leopoldine-Louise von Nassau-Oranien in a certificate in 1743 , who in the same year opened the Leopoldinen shaft on Alte Nassauer Strasse in the western part of the deposit sunk . Your request to extend the loan to the east beyond the Bergerhof was not granted.
Start of mining and operation of the Holzappel pit under lordly direction from 1751 to 1853
In place of Princess Leopoldine-Louise, Prince Viktor I. Amadeus Adolf granted his son Karl Ludwig the mining license for the area of what would later become the Holzappel mine in 1751 . This is considered to be the beginning of the mine. Karl Ludwig founded a union in Holzappel with 128 Kuxen , of which Princess Leopoldine-Louise and the Prince himself received 16 each. In 1752 the mine field was extended to the west to the marrow of the Leopoldine-Louise mine and to the east to the Scheidter forest .
First of all, an old tunnel with die and old mining was cleared by four miners and renamed the Sophienstollen . At the beginning there were no successes and from 1757 to 1759 the experimental work was completely suspended. The Carlstollen was started in 1761 and a 50 cm thick ore was found in 1766. The ores were initially processed in the Obernhofer or Leopoldinen hut and in 1767 around 50 kg of silver were smelted. This led to a balanced operating result. In 1769 33 miners were working on the stately mine and 92 kg of silver were extracted. As a result, the construction of its own smelter began. The ore was extracted from several shafts one behind the other using hand reels . The Erbprinz- , Charlotten- (1773), Ulriken- , Neuehoffnungs- (1788), Herminen- and Louisenschacht were built one after the other . From 1772 to 1778 the Wilhelm , Ludwig , Eleonoren , Magdalenen , Amalien , Joseph and Christian tunnels were excavated from horizontal mine structures . Hunt mining was used for the first time in 1776 in the Joseph tunnel . The proceeds of the mine led to the issue of the Holzappeler Taler in 1774 , an exploitation issue . In 1780 228 kg of silver and 55,900 kg of lead were produced and a surplus of 8217 guilders was earned. In 1785 the workforce, including the smelter and stamp mill, had grown to 643 workers.
The most important tunnel construction began in 1785. From Laurenburg, the Adelheid tunnel was crossed from the Lahn valley . After its completion in 1828, it served the Holzappel pit as the deepest water solution tunnel . The aisle train was approached at a length of 1730 meters. Here the tunnel brought a depth of around 180 m. The Adelheid tunnel has another access via the Herminen tunnel , the mouth of which is on today's B 417 and which meets the main route after 250 meters. In order to be able to mine from the newly developed deeper parts of the deposit , the Emma Ida shaft was sunk in 1815 and penetrated with the Adelheid tunnel at a depth of 157 meters . The Emma Ida shaft was further connected to the Wilhelm and Joseph galleries above. A horse goblet (or horse art ) was set up for daily support .
In order to improve the productivity of the Holzappel mine, on the one hand more modern technology had to be used, on the other hand the ore veins had to be aligned at an even greater depth. In 1844, work began on sinking the first machine shaft , the Stephanschacht , named after Archduke Stephan , the mine owner at the time. In Adelheid gallery and the Wilhelm tunnel iron were rail tracks laid, which are still in use run carts to haul promote replaced. In 1853 the Stephanschacht received a steam hoisting machine . Nevertheless, the heirs of Karl Ludwig, Archduke Stephan and his cousin Nikolaus Friedrich Peter von Oldenburg , decided in the same year to sell the Holzappel mine and the hut.
Expansion and modernization under the Silber- und Bleibergwerksgesellschaft AG zu Holzappel from 1853 until the Great Depression in 1930
In 1853 the mining and smelting facilities in the Holzappel area were transferred to the Silber- und Bleibergwerksgesellschaft AG zu Holzappel . The financiers of the new company came from Paris and Cologne . In 1855, work began on sinking the middle shaft as a second machine shaft. The Laurenburg Castle was converted to mine management in 1859. In 1866 a new central and more efficient ore processing facility was built in Laurenburg ( Lage ). The location offered itself because the Lahntal Railway was inaugurated in 1862 and the concentrates could be transported to Bad Ems for smelting . The own hut then lost its importance and was finally closed after 1890. From 1873 the raw ore in the Stephan and Mittelschacht was only lifted to the bottom of the Adelheid tunnel . In Adelheid tunnel it was mine horses to day promoted . The mouth hole of the Adelheid tunnel was connected to the uppermost level of the central ore laundry lying on the slope of the Lahn valley via a brake mountain .
In order to do justice to the steadily increasing quantities of raw ore, the ore processing has been continuously expanded and modernized. A new hoe and set wash was added in 1892 and from 1904 the raw ore was transported from the Stephanschacht to the wash with a 1,400 meter long lorry cable car . In the following years, the processing, which was designed for 20 tons of debris per hour, developed into one of the most modern of the time. The first flotation started in 1928.
The ore mining, which was rapidly advancing into the depths, meant that an increasing amount of mine water had to be handled. For this purpose, water column machines to drive powerful pumps were installed in both the central and the Stephanschacht . These lifted the stagnant pit water up to the Adelheid tunnel, over which it flowed into the Lahn. In 1909, the pump drive in the Stephanschacht was switched to steam . For this purpose, an underground compound machine with an output of 440 kilowatts was installed on the XVI. Underground foundation installed. The steam required was brought in from the boiler house above ground via a pipeline in the Stephanschacht. A number of reservoirs built in the vicinity of the Holzappel pit, such as the Eleonorenteich or the Herthasee from 1846, provided the process water supply .
1876 which was in the pit Holzappel people Seilfahrt in Stephan shaft and a year later introduced in the central well. Initially, conveyor baskets with 1 level were used, which were exchanged for two-level ones in 1896. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries , particularly powerful corridors, which in some places reached up to three meters, were dismantled. In 1908 civil engineering finally had the XVIII. Foundation level (715 meters depth) reached. Several blind shafts were built one after the other for intermediate pumping from the deepest structures.
The mining operation extended over a striking length of around 2000 meters and was divided into an east field and a west field . The East Field was next to the Adelaide tunnel nor the Louisen- and Christine Schacht , as well as the Wilhelm and Ludwig tunnel open-minded. In the west field there were the underground shafts Stephanschacht and Mittelschacht . The west field was finally connected to the neighboring Leopoldine-Louise mine. After the operating company of this mine, the Rheinisch-Nassauische Gesellschaft , merged in 1924 with the AG for mining, lead and zinc production in Stolberg , which had leased the Holzappel mine since 1922, Leopoldine-Louise became an operating department of the mine.
The later Stolberger Zink AG carried out a conversion of the mine operation to electrical power when the gear ratios deteriorated. As early as 1920/1921 the mine was almost closed due to a lack of personnel and material as a result of the First World War . The onset of the global economic crisis of 1929 ultimately led to the decision to shut down the Holzappel mine in 1930 and to fire 550 miners.
The drainage was maintained and carried out most necessary maintenance of a residual workforce. The treatment was still running until 2 April 1931. Part of the newly unemployed miners were from the pit Mercur taken in Bad Ems.
The Holzappeler mining industry from the Nazi seizure of power in 1933 to its closure in 1952
The situation for the land lying pit Holzappel changed with the seizure of power of the National Socialists fundamentally in 1,933th With immediate effect, the raw material deposits in Germany were classified as strategically important and self-sufficiency was sought. With funding from the Reich government, not only was the production in Holzappel resumed, but the mine was again comprehensively modernized.
Among other things, the following measures were carried out from 1935:
- The Stephanschacht received a steel headframe instead of the previous Malakow tower and an electric hoisting machine with an output of 480 kilowatts. This enabled four-tier conveyor racks to be used at a speed of 14 meters per second.
- As a new deepest sole which was XXV. Underground excavation at a depth of 1,068 meters. Since the Stephanschacht as the main shaft only reached a depth of 720 meters, the XVIII. to the XXV. Another blind shaft (Ia) was sunk at the bottom .
- In the operating department Leopoldine-Louise the Otto-Wolff-tunnel was driven and from there the Otto-Wolff-Schacht up to the XVIII. The underground floor is sunk 475 meters deep. The Otto-Wolff-Schacht was pierced with the west field and equipped with pit fans for ventilation . The temperatures in the deepest quarries fell from 32 to 26 ° C in the Holzappel pit, which until then had only been naturally ventilated .
- New chew and workshop buildings were built over the course of the day .
- In the Laurenburg processing plant , material from the dump was increasingly processed by means of flotation , which was previously not possible with the older technology. The extracted raw ore, on the other hand, was sent to Bad Ems for processing and used there.
In the years 1936 to 1945, the mine achieved the greatest achievements in its history with an average of more than 50,000 tons of raw ore extraction. The main focus was on dismantling, and installation and installation work was neglected. At the end of the Second World War, the general emergency forced the company to stop. In March 1945, the structures below the XXIV. Underground level were drowned by bottlenecks in the power supply. After the war, the demand for raw materials increased as the reconstruction began. In July 1947, funding was resumed. However, it was not until 1949 that the consequences of the war could be eliminated.
Compared to other ore mines, the extraction rate of 2.1 tons per man and shift in the Holzappel pit was below average. When the mine had to do without state subsidies again in the post-war period, this posed an economic problem. At the same time, raw material prices fell on the world market. Most recently, the stockpile preparation made a significant contribution to the earnings situation, but the end of stocks was foreseeable. When, after extensive investigations between 1950 and 1952, the end of the ore routing to the depth was announced, the Holzappel pit was finally closed in July 1952.
Since no subsequent users could be found for the surface facilities, all buildings and facilities were demolished by mid-1955 and the site was leveled.
A total of 216,720 tons of lead galena, 754,700 tons of zinc blende and 5.5 tons of silver sheen , around 180,000 tons of lead, 360,000 tons of zinc and 130 tons of silver were produced in the 200-year operation of the Holzappel mine .
Pit building
Map with all coordinates: The pit was accessible through at least 36 tunnels with a total length of 44 km (including passages) as well as at least 17 day and 8 blind shafts with a total depth of 4400 m. There were 25 levels down to a depth of 1067 m (= -789.2 m above sea level)
| stollen | Height above sea level (mouth hole) (m) | Length (m) | Began | location | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adelheid | +99.7 | 6950 | 1785 | location | uses Herminenstollen to dissolve water, connected with Emma-Ida and Stephanschacht |
| Amalien | 720 | 1776 | location | in the Hüttenbachtalm between Eleonoren- and Hüttenteich, runs towards the Schrot-Schacht; the broken mouth hole at the given coordinate and the clearly visible heap point to more modern mining, possibly a differently named tunnel here | |
| Company tunnel | location | ||||
| Carolina | 1776 | ||||
| Christianstollen | 1778 | In 1778 the old Dörnberg tunnel was cleared and renamed the Christian tunnel; identical to Christinastollen? | |||
| Christina | 1781 | identical to Christianstollen? | |||
| Dörnberger | 1743 | ||||
| Eleanors | 600 | 1772 | location | on Laurenburger Weg (B417), opposite the Schachtweg estuary | |
| Ferdinand | +133.8 | 2100 | location | from Grube Anna | |
| Groblay | +142.7 | 500 | |||
| Hermione | +95.7 | 250 | 1785 | location | Water drainage tunnel of the Adelheid tunnel |
| Heuweger | +173.2 | 950 | 1535 (before) | location | above Obernhäuser Hut |
| Building slab (mouth hole) | location | ||||
| Hollow grinder | +258.9 | 800 | location | ||
| Huts | +111.2 | 2450 | Gelbachtal, near Otto-Wolf | ||
| Joseph | +196.3 | 1950 | 1776 | location | also called Josef-Stollen, in the Hüttenbachtal, between Haus Dietrich and Haus Swarowski, runs below the school to the middle shaft |
| Karl | 1766 or 1760 | location | also called Carlstollen | ||
| Kiesbach | +209.2 | 1600 | Waselbachtal, northeast. Shot chute | ||
| Lahn | +91.85 | 2100 | 1836 | location | also called Erbstollen or Oberhof gallery, still the main drainage gallery of the mine |
| Ludwig | +257.5 | 1100 | 1772 | location | in the Gelbachtal, 500 m southwest of Galgenberg, on the slope |
| Magdalene | +205.1 | 450 | 1773 | location | in the Gelbachtal, 250 m west of Ludwigstollen |
| Martin | +106.6 | 950 | location | ||
| New Eleonors | +226.6 | 490 | location | ||
| Ox | location | mentioned only by H. Normann | |||
| Ommelbacher | +283.6 | 450 | location | also called Ammelbacher-Stollen | |
| Otto Wolff | +125.2 | 100 | 1935 | Gelbachtal | connected to Otto-Wolff blind shaft |
| Peter | +110.9 | 1000 (approx.) | Gelbachtal, near Otto-Wolf | ||
| grinder | +138.5 | 1450 | |||
| Sophie | +217.7 | 2600 | 1751 | location | between Eleonoren and Hüttenteich, Schachtweg to the left at the beginning |
| stollen | location | ||||
| Tunnel 1 | +375.6 | 400 | |||
| Tunnel 2 | +294.8 | 3100 | |||
| Stollen 1 (Feiershahn) | +205.4 | 100 | |||
| Stollen 2 (Feiershahn) | +236 | 100 | |||
| Stollen 3 (Feiershahn) | +245.9 | 100 | |||
| Stollen 4 (Feiershahn) | +205.5 | 200 | |||
| Deeper | +102.2 | 550 | location | from Bernshahn mine | |
| Experimental | location | ||||
| Experimental | +151.3 | 1450 | from pit Beschertglück | ||
| Victor | 1752 | ||||
| Wilhelm | +174.2 | 4350 | 1772 | location | in the Hüttenbachtal, 100 m below the inn |
| Wolf pit | +253.9 | 4000 | Waselbachtal, southeast. Shot chute |
| Manhole | Height above sea level (suspended bench) (m) | Depth (noun) | Began | location | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carl Friedrich | 60 | 1769 | |||
| Charlottenschacht | +293.8 | 75 | 1773 | ||
| Christina | 79 | 1782 | |||
| Christines | +340.8 | 81 | 1788 | location | |
| Iron cautery | +351.5 | 62 | 1764 | location | |
| Emma-Ida | +259.0 | 157 | 1815 | location | |
| Hereditary Prince | 35 | 1773 or 1793 | |||
| Hermione | +289.1 | 52 | location | ||
| hope | 1783 | possibly identical to Neuehoffungsschacht | |||
| Holzappeler Grenzschacht | +335.1 | 52 | location | ||
| Leopoldine | 1743 | ||||
| Louisen | +318.1 | 92 | location | ||
| medium | + 278.5 | 720 | 1855 | location | |
| New Hope | +277.9 | 55 | 1788 or 1783 | location | also called Neuhoffnung-Schacht, identical to Hoffnungsschacht? |
| Obernhofer Grenzschacht | +340.7 | location | |||
| Otto Wolff | +125.2 | 476 | 1935 | location | |
| Shot | +253.5 | 73 | location | ||
| Stephan | +272.2 | 714 | 1844 | location | |
| Ulrika | 55 | 1780 | also called Ulrikenschacht | ||
| Blind shaft 10 east | −434.5 | 292 | 1924 | ||
| Blind shaft 1 midfield | −441.5 | 99 | 1920 | ||
| Blind shaft 1a (18–21) | −442 | 357 | 1935 | ||
| Blind shaft 10a | −434.4 | 143 | 1936 | ||
| Blind shaft 10b | −574.9 | 168 | 1936 | ||
| Blind shaft 18 | −429.2 | 154 | 1923 | ||
| Blind shaft 5 west | −233.0 | 50 | 1915 | ||
| Blind shaft 23 | −328.0 | 101 | 1927 |
Current condition (2017)
.jpg)
The surface systems of the Stephan and Mittelschachts lay west of the B 417 between Holzappel and Laurenburg above the Dörnberg-Hütte district. The two shafts were only 95 meters apart. Today only the remains of the wall and the dump area can be seen. A mining nature trail with boards and models explains the location.
The former home of the respective manager in Holzappel is known today as the Goethe House ( location ). The building of the first mine administration is used today as a wine tavern ( location ).
In Laurenburg, the mouth of the Herminenstollen is in the cellar wall of the castle ( location ), which as a former administration building is also a testimony to the mining industry. The mouth of the Adelheid tunnel is located 120 m to the west on an enclosed private property. In a small park on the B 417, a greatly reduced model of the headframe and some mining vehicles (which were not used in Holzappel) are reminiscent of the Holzappel pit. On the opposite (western) side of the street you can clearly see the heaps ( location ) of the former processing.
Others
The Austrian painter and composer Anton Hafner was attacked as an opponent of the National Socialists, beaten up and fled to a concentration camp before being transported and subsequently worked in the Holzappel mine in 1938.
literature
- Rainer Slotta: Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany . Volume 4, Part 2: Metal ore mining. German Mining Museum, Bochum 1983, ISBN 3-921533-25-2 , p. 955-977 .
- Rudolf Scheid: 200 years of ore mining in the Esterau - the Holzappel mine . Friends of the “Heimatmuseum Esterau eV”, Holzappel 2008.
Web links
Download all coordinates on this page: KML file here , or GPX file here .
Sources and Notes
- ↑ The direction that runs horizontally across the longitudinal axis of the deposit is referred to as cross-cutting . (Source: Förderverein Rammelsberger Bergbaumuseum Goslar eV (Ed.): Ore mining in Rammelsberg. )
- ↑ Annalen des Tacitus, 20th chapter of the 11 book, Silbergruben in agro mattiaco . See also Isert, 1968, p. 136.
- ^ Rainer Slotta: Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany. Volume 4, Part 2: Metal ore mining. German Mining Museum, Bochum 1983, ISBN 3-921533-25-2 , p. 956.
- ↑ Fritz Isert: Descriptions of Rhineland-Palatinate Mining Authority Districts. Volume 2. Diez Mining Authority District . Glückauf Verlag, Essen 1968. p. 136
- ^ Johann Philipp Becher : Mineralogical description of the Oranien-Nassauischen Lande , 1789, p. 22f. Digitized version , accessed on April 16, 2017.
- ^ Johann Philipp Becher: Mineralogical description of the Oranien-Nassauischen Lande , 1789, p. 28, digitized , accessed on April 16, 2017.
- ↑ JD Engels: About the mining of the old, in the countries of the Rhine, the Lahn and the victory: for the correction of Gmelin's contributions to the history of the German mining, as far as those concern the Rhine areas: with documents from the twelfth, thirteenth and fourteenth century , 1808, p 55. digitized , accessed on 16 April 2017th
- ↑ Illustration and description of the dewatering steam engine 1909 ( Memento of the original from April 12, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 10, 2017
- ↑ a b Georg HE Wieber: Hydrogeology and geothermal potential of the Holzappel pit final report (part 1 and 2). In: stiftung-schüsten.de. Helmut Normann, Stiftung Scheuert, p. 4 , accessed on October 30, 2018 .
- ^ Rainer Slotta : Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany . Volume 4, Part 2: Metal ore mining. German Mining Museum, Bochum 1983, ISBN 3-921533-25-2 , p. 962.
- ↑ Grube Holzappel, Mineralienatlas , accessed on April 10, 2017.
- ↑ J. Hamann: Haldenerzaufnahm Laurenburg (Lahn) of Stolberger Zink AG for mining and smelting operations, Aachen, in Laurenburg , in: W. Founder and specialist committee for ore processing of the Society of German Metalworking and Miners eV Clausthal-Zellerfeld (publisher): Ore processing plants in West Germany , 1955, Springer Verlag.
- ^ Rainer Slotta: Technical monuments in the Federal Republic of Germany . Volume 4, Part 2: Metal ore mining. German Mining Museum, Bochum 1983, ISBN 3-921533-25-2 , pp. 957f.
- ↑ Fritz Herbst: About the lead-zinc ore veins located in the Holzappel-Nassau area , in: Bad Emser Hefte, Heft 54, 1986, pp. 13-15.
- ^ Rudolf Scheid: 200 years of ore mining on the Holzappel mine , in: Bad Emser Hefte, Volume 51, 1986, pp. 24-27.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Accuracy of the coordinate: radius 15 m or better.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Accuracy of the coordinate: radius 150 m or better.
- ↑ a b c Accuracy of the coordinate: radius 50 m or better.
- ↑ Illustration of the Otto-Wolff-Stollen mouth hole , accessed on April 10, 2017.
