Buchau women's monastery

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According to a legend, the free worldly Reichsstift Buchau was founded around 770 on the island of Buchau in the Federsee in what is now Upper Swabia .

The monastery with the collegiate church of St. Cornelius and Cyprianus

The monastery was founded by Franconian- Carolingian and served to penetrate and strategically secure the newly won rule of the Franconian kingdom in the Duchy of Alemannia , which later became part of the Duchy of Swabia .

1347 was Abbess Anna Weinburg first called the pin as an imperial princess, since the 16th century the monastery was imperial estate with blood jurisdiction . The monastery mainly accepted the daughters of the various Upper Swabian aristocratic lines of the Fugger , Waldburg , Montfort , Gundelfingen , Lupfen , Königsegg and a number of non- Swabian families from Tyrol , Alsace and further to the east of the Austrian hereditary lands Carinthia and Bohemia .

In the crypt of the collegiate church of St. Cornelius and Cyprianus , the sarcophagus is laid out with the body of the beatified founder of the monastery, Adelindis .

history

Founding legend

In the presence of her father, Emperor Ludwig the Pious, the founder of the monastery, Adelindis, places the charter on an altar (from the main ceiling painting of the baroque collegiate church in Buchau by Andreas Brugger , 1775–1776)

According to the founding legend, Adelindis, a daughter of Duke Hildebrand of Swabia and the Duchess of Bavaria, left Hildegard's sister , wife of Charlemagne , after the death of her husband Atto, son of Count Russo von Tragant, in the place where he was fighting had died against the Huns in the Planckental, built a chapel and a monastery around 770, in which she was the first abbess to die around 809.

middle Ages

According to recent research, however, this Adelindis lived 100 years later and the monastery was founded by an Adelindis who was married to Count Warin . It is relatively certain that the monastery received possessions in Saulgau and in abundance from Emperor Ludwig the Pious in 819 . It also has its own court for the members of the monastery. The church is also mentioned for the first time. The document is a forgery by the “Reichenau forger” from the 12th century, but it probably has a true core.

monasterio Bochaugie nominato quod constructum est in honore sanctorum Cornelii et Cypriani ac situm est iuxta lacum qui vocatur Verderse quandam viIlam proprietatis nostre sitam in centena extagia (Eritgau) nuncupata que appellatur Mangen ac ecclesiam in viIlam que appellatur Sulgen ad terminis et omnibus

The monastery called Bochaugie was built in honor of Saints Cornelius and Cyprianus and is located on the so-called Verderse. To it belong the locality Mangen (Mengen) in the so-called Eritgau and the church in the Sulgen (Saulgau) called locality with all associated goods.

In 857 it was named as Ludwig the German's own monastery when he transferred the Saulgau possessions to the Reichenau monastery and compensated for Buchau with royal property in the Urmark Heidenhofen . This exchange of goods was due to a request by Irmengard , the king's daughter, who had probably become Abbess of Buchau shortly before.

In 902 the invasions of Hungary take place. In 925 Eleusina, the sister of Bishop Ulrich von Augsburg, was locked into the monastery because of a moral misconduct. 999 guaranteed Otto III. the monastery to restore its property.

In 1032 there is a first fire in the monastery. In the 13th century the monastery was assigned to the Augustinian order , but was afterwards a canoness pen for noble ladies from Swabia . A city of Buchau that was independent of the monastery was first mentioned in 1320.

The dominion of Straßberg is mentioned in 1345 as property of the monastery. Abbess Anna von Buchau testifies that Count Heinrich von Hohenberg gave up the castle and town of Straßberg, which he and his front-runners had from Buchau Abbey, and gave them to the knight Rudolf zu Reischach.

In 1347 the ladies' monastery was made a prince and thus immediately imperial . First contract between the city and Buchau Abbey in 1376. In 1415 the monastery was converted into a secular monastery. It could expand its estates, creating a small territory.

The document of Pope Martin V of 1417 regulated the monastery constitution: secular pen for an abbess, twelve women choirs, four secular canons and two permanent chaplains. The abbess has the right to fill the six positions, the chapter is responsible for the organization of the house and worship as well as for the administration of the estate, the canons have a seat and vote in the chapter.

1435 was the climax of the dispute between the city and the monastery. 1448 takes place in citizenship and protection of the city of Ulm. The Counts of Württemberg stand up for the monastery in 1449 by taking sides in the election of abbesses. In 1473 he was liberated from the sovereign power.

1495 King Maximilian I's protection privilege: the city's patrons are the Bishop of Constance , the Count of Fürstenberg and the Abbot of Kempten. In 1497 there were unrest in the monastery area because of the peasants' war. In 1501 there was a new statute with clear restrictions on the freedoms for the canonesses. In 1508 a wall around the monastery district is mentioned for the first time. In 1509 the monastery has sovereignty over the city of Buchau. In 1524 she was accepted into the Swabian Federation, and in 1525 the abbess was driven out by rebellious farmers. In 1538 displaced nuns from Biberach were accepted.

1610 Joined the Catholic League

Buchau am Federsee monastery and town in the 17th century before the subsidence of the lake. Left hand Kappel in the background of the buses and the pen on a peninsula

Modern times up to the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss

In 1616 the abbess got a seat on the prince's bench in the district council. In 1625 the lordship of Straßberg fell back to the monastery and stayed there until 1803.

On November 22, 1625, the abbess issued Spaur's letter of grace , the main purpose of which is the release of subjects from serfdom . In 1637, the city of Buchau placed itself under the protection of the monastery for 20 years. The monastery buildings were rebuilt in 1657 after the destruction of the 30 Years War.

In 1677 a Rosary Brotherhood is mentioned, in 1679 the Scapular Brotherhood and 1700 the Brotherhood of the "Eternal Hour". The Kavalierbau is rebuilt in 1709. In 1723 a brotherhood of the Most Holy Altar Sacrament is mentioned, in 1733 the Nepomuk brotherhood.

Johann Caspar Bagnato built a new main building for the abbess in 1747. In 1771 a Sebastian brotherhood is mentioned. In 1802 the last abbess Maria Maximiliana Esther von Stadion zu Tannhausen and Warthausen was present at the inauguration of the synagogue of the Jewish community in Kappel .

Thurn and Taxis

In 1803 the monastery came to the Thurn und Taxis family , which administered it as part of the Imperial Principality of Buchau . At the time of secularization, the monastery consisted of the abbess Maria Maximiliana Esther von Stadion zu Tannhausen and Warthausen and eight women in cloaks . Two members of the Fugger family , three women from the Waldburg family (Wolfegg-Wolfegg and Wolfegg-Waldsee), one Maria Anna Schenk von Castell , Countess Anna von Stadion and Countess Theresia from the Austrian family Dietrichstein .

The abbess and canons received a lifelong pension as compensation and withdrew into private life. One of the two canons becomes pastor of the collegiate church, which was converted into the city church of Buchau. The four chaplains, Heiligkreuz-, Hof-, Kustorei- and early mess chaplain, became pastors in surrounding parishes.

Kingdom of Württemberg

In 1806, the Imperial Principality of Buchau came under constitutional law to the Kingdom of Württemberg , but the former monastery rule of Straßberg fell to the Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen . In administrative terms, the monastery was divided into two offices. The financial administration went into the hands of the Buchau Rent Office . The Oberamt Riedlingen was responsible for Publica, Jurisdictionalia, Criminalia and police matters

Later use

The monastery buildings remained in the possession of the Thurn und Taxis house until 1937, which they used as administrative headquarters and for residential purposes. During the National Socialist era, the former monastery was a training center for the National Socialist People's Welfare (NSV), from 1945 it was briefly French barracks after French confiscation, after which it came into the possession of the Rottenburg diocese, which set up a Caritas children's sanatorium there from 1947 to 1979. In 1986 they came into private hands.

After complete restoration, extensions and modernizations in 1991 and 1992, the building called the “castle” by the Buchauers now serves as a rehabilitation clinic for neurology and psychosomatic medicine .

The collegiate church of St. Cornelius and Cyprianus is now a Catholic parish church.

Bad Buchau - Collegiate Church of St. Cornelius and Cyprianus, Stift.JPG

Status and ownership up to secularization

Since the beginning of modern times , the canonical status of the monastery has been more and more controversial. At the meeting of the Swabian Imperial Circle , he had the 6th vote on the secular prince's bank in the Swabian Imperial Counts ' College and carried the title of a princely free-world women's foundation .

In the Reichsmatrikel 1521 the contribution of the pin to the army and Reichskammergericht 2 riders foot soldiers 10 or 90 is Gulden estimated. In the realm register of 1663, 2 soldiers on horseback (corresponding to 12 guilders each), 6 foot soldiers (4 guilders each corresponding to) or 48 guilders are specified. For comparison, the imperial city of Buchau came to a performance of 2 soldiers or 8 guilders.

At the beginning of secularization , the question was asked whether the monastery could still be secularized at all. The Swabian imperial counts saw the monastery as a supply institution for their daughters. The Prince-Bishop of Konstanz insisted until the end that the monastery was a corpus ecclesiasticum and was built as a collegiate church , whose members have residence and prayer obligations. In his description of the Oberamt Riedlingen from 1827, Memminger describes the history of the monastery and in this context expresses clear criticism of this institution, which appears more as a luxury supply institution for the count's daughters than as a monastery. Literally it says z. B. therein:

“The nuns , whose last time were 9, admitted to the rule of St. Augustins, were therefore also called choir wives and lived in the monastery, but could leave and marry unhindered, and be absent for a long time during the year. They lived together in one building, the princess abbess in his adjoining wing. Each nuns had three rooms and her own waitress. "

Strasbourg Castle
Construction yard in Strassberg

The territory of the monastery was very scattered and varied in nature. It included:

  1. the surrounding towns of Betzenweiler , Brackenhofen , Dürnau , Kanzach with Ober- and Unter-Volloch, Kappel with Hennauhof, Ottobeurerhof and Bruckhof, Moosburg ;
  2. the dominion of Straßberg , with Straßberg , Frohnstetten and Kaiseringen , in which the abbess had sovereignty ;
  3. as the Austrian fiefdom of the abbess, the bailiwicks of Oggelsbeuren , Renhartsweiler and the office of Bierstetten , which included Bierstetten , Bondorf , Steinbrunn , along with the tithe of Moosheim ;
  4. Twelve Abbey Maierhöfe and so-called Cornelier estates in many localities;
  5. Tithe in 35 places;
  6. Patronage in 18 locations.

The income was posted at 66,000 florins ( guilders ), which the abbess alone amounted to, according to an abbey bill from 1792, 12,802 florins in money, 12,841 quarters of fruit , about the same amount of Württemberg zimri . Despite this relatively high income, the canons were in a very bad state. "Buchau was already ready for bankruptcy at least five years before the mediation and had suspended interest payments."

Abbesses

The last abbess Maria Maximiliana von Stadion with canons, coat of arms and a view of the monastery complex
The penultimate abbess Maria Karolina von Königsegg-Rothenfels

literature

  • Johann Daniel Georg v. Memminger: Buchau Abbey , from the description of the Riedlingen Regional Office . Cotta, Stuttgart and Tübingen 1827 ( full text at Wikisource )
  • Rudolf Seigel (arrangement): The documents of the Buchau monastery. Regest 819-1500 . (= Inventories of the non-state archives in Baden-Württemberg; vol. 36). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-17-020783-7
  • Bernhard Theil: The (free worldly) women's monastery Buchau am Federsee . (= Germania sacra, NF, Vol. 32; The Diocese of Constance, Part 4). De Gruyter, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-11-014214-7 ( digitized version )
  • Volker Himmelein (ed.): Old monasteries, new masters. The secularization in the German southwest 1803. Large state exhibition Baden-Württemberg 2003 ; Ostfildern: Thorbecke, 2003; ISBN 3-7995-0212-2 (exhibition catalog and essay volume)
  • Bernhard Theil: The free worldly women's monastery Buchau am Federsee . Ed .: Max Planck Institute for History. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin - New York 1994, ISBN 3-11-014214-7 , pp. 422 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Adeliges Chorfrauenstift Buchau - History ( Memento from December 15, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  2. ^ Arno Borst : Adelinde, Nun in Buchau , in: ders .: Mönche am Bodensee , Ullstein Verlag , Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-548-26535-9 , pp. 86-109.
  3. ^ Bernhard Theil: Buchau . In: Wolfgang Zimmermann and Nicole Priesching (Hrsg.): Württembergisches Klosterbuch . Ostfildern 2003, p. 202 .
  4. ^ Thomas Fricke: Monasteries in Baden-Württemberg: Monastery. Retrieved February 5, 2017 .
  5. ↑ https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0003-16F3-0/NF%2032%20Theil%20Buchau.pdf?sequence=1 p. 31
  6. ^ The documents of the German Carolingians , Volume 1: The documents of Ludwig the German, Karlmann and Ludwig the Younger (= Monumenta Germania historica . Diplomata regum Germaniae ex stirpe Karolinorum , Volume 1: Ludowici Germanici, Karlomanni, Ludowici Iunioris Diplomata ), ed. v. Paul Kehr , Berlin 1932-34 (ND 1980), No. 81, pp. 118f.
  7. ↑ The documents for the first mention of the village, Urmark and Urkirche Heidenhofen from the Middle Latin by Thomas HT Wieners , in: ders., Hans Reichmann and Herbert Weiß (eds.): From "villa Heidinhova" -759 / 60- to Heidenhofen -2010- 1250 years. History and stories. A reader, designed on the occasion of the 1250th anniversary in 2010 , Stadt Donaueschingen, Donaueschingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-030968-7 , pp. 155–157, here p. 155.
  8. ↑ Thomas HT Wieners: Appreciation of the words. For the first mention of the Heidenhofener Urmark and Urkirche in diploma no. 81 Ludwig the German from 857 , in: ders., Hans Reichmann and Herbert Weiß: From "villa Heidinhova" -759 / 60- to Heidenhofen -2010-1250 years. History and stories. A reader, designed on the occasion of the 1250th anniversary in 2010 , Stadt Donaueschingen, Donaueschingen 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-030968-7 , pp. 33–43, here p. 34.
  9. ↑ https://rep.adw-goe.de/bitstream/handle/11858/00-001S-0000-0003-16F3-0/NF%2032%20Theil%20Buchau.pdf?sequence=1 p. 51
  10. ^ Thomas Fricke: Monasteries in Baden-Württemberg: Monastery. Retrieved February 5, 2017 .
  11. ↑ Memminger, p. 137
  12. ↑ Chronicron Hermann des Lahmen ( Memento from June 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) on fläez.ch

Web links

Commons : Damenstift Buchau  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 48 ° 4 ′ 3 "  N , 9 ° 36 ′ 41.8"  E