Kovářská
| Kovářská | |||||
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Ústecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Chomutov | ||||
| Area : | 2087.4851 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 26 ' N , 13 ° 3' E | ||||
| Height: | 815 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 1,008 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 431 86 | ||||
| License plate : | U | ||||
| traffic | |||||
| Railway connection: | Křimov – Vejprty | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | local community | ||||
| Districts: | 1 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Petr Siegl (as of 2014) | ||||
| Address: | nám. J. Švermy 64 431 86 Kovářská |
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| Municipality number: | 563137 | ||||
| Website : | www.kovarska.cz | ||||
| Location of Kovářská in the Chomutov district | |||||
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Kovářská , until 1947 Schmiedeberg / Šmídeberk , is a municipality in Okres Chomutov , Czech Republic .
geography
Geographical location
Kovářská is located on the ridge of the central Ore Mountains on the upper reaches of the Černá voda ( black water ), southwest of the 965 meter high Velký Špičák .
Neighboring places
| Vejprty (Weipert) | Kryštofovy Hamry (Christophhammer) | |
| Loučná pod Klínovcem (Bohemian Wiesenthal) |
.svg)
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Kryštofovy Hamry (Christophhammer) |
| Perštejn (Pürstein) | Měděnec (Copper Mountain) |
history
The market town of Schmiedeberg emerged in the 14th century and was characterized by mining (iron ore) for a long time . In 1621, the ironworks in Schmiedeberg was owned by Dorothea Schindler von Hohenwald and Puschhof, wife of the Pressnitz royal governor Samson Schindler von Hohenwald and Puschhof. In March 1641 there was a battle on the "Schwedenheide" near Schmiedeberg, which was related to the battle of Preßnitz on the same day. 850 Swedish riders are said to have died on the Schwedenheide. Weapons were still found there around 1910. Oswald Hofmann (1890–1982), who was born here, erected the "Monument on the Schwedenheide", a memorial stone with a bronze plate. The stone is still there, but the bronze plate was stolen.
In the 18th century, blast furnaces were in use in the area , and their firing with charcoal led to massive deforestation of the forests in the vicinity. In 1872 Schmiedeberg received a train station on the Komotau – Weipert railway line. This opened up new economic opportunities, which led to industrialization that was unusual for the small town. In 1868 Anton Elster and Franz Schröter founded a cotton goods factory. They operated the necessary machines with water power, lit the plant with gas that was produced in their own "oil gas plant".
In 1905 a fish canning factory was built on the site of the Schmiedeberger Eisenwerk, and another one near the train station in 1910. In 1909 the Albert Ritschel printing house was added, which after the First World War included a typesetting, a bookbinding, its own stereotype and an electric roller casting plant. Ritschel powered his machines with eight electric motors with a total of 15 HP. In 1910 Karl Klotz started with the industrial production of buttons. He produced women's fashion buttons made of metal and celluloid, fabric buttons of all kinds, trouser buttons, clasps, clasps and decorative items made of metal, celluloid and gelatine. In 1914, Vinzenz Päckert Jr. founded a workshop for machine and tool construction.
In 1932 the German National Association for Tourism in Bohemia advertised the then small Czechoslovak town as a "summer resort on the ridge of the Ore Mountains". After the annexation of the Sudetenland by the Wehrmacht in October 1938, 4191 inhabitants lived in Schmiedeberg and the adjacent district of Lauxmühle , the majority of them German Bohemia .
Air war
On September 11, 1944, in connection with one of the largest air battles of World War II, an American B-17 bomber crashed in the middle of town. Its stern landed on the school building. In 1994 it was renamed after Sgt. JC Kluttz, who was killed at the time. A small museum documents the influence of the air battle on the place. A contemporary witness, a little boy at the time, wrote in 2011 about the crash in 1944:
“The sirens had already howled. Nobody was allowed out. We stood at home in the back room, with a view of the upper village, of the Kalla Villa, with a view of Keilberg and Fichtelberg . There was an eerie raging in the sky. […] Suddenly there were several dull impacts. [...] The silver stripes lay around in the field, hexagonal phosphorus incendiary bombs , yellow replacement fuel containers. […] In the lower village there was a unique spectacle. The entire fuselage of an American airplane was stuck in the roof of my school. You saw the star on the elevator. For me it was a German victory across the board at the time. "
After the Second World War, the German residents were expelled . One of them provided the national committee with the idea for the Czech place name: Based on Kovář, the blacksmith, Schmiedeberg was called in Czech Kovářská .
Kalla fish factory
The founder of the fish industry in Schmiedeberg was Anton Kalla (1848–1912), who was born in Selz near Prague . Kalla had traveled to the North Sea, among others, and saw fish as a universal food. He owned a small shop in Schmiedeberg, which he expanded in 1877, initially to include food exports; later he also sold canned fish and smoked fish. In 1888, Kalla experimented with making canned fish himself. In 1900 he built his own smokehouse for this purpose , and in 1910 a large factory in the immediate vicinity of the train station. The fish were preserved by salting , smoking and marinating . Anton Kalla made the tin cans in his own factory. After his death in 1912, his son Julius Kalla took over the company. In the 1920s the company began to expand. “Kalla” fish canning factories were set up in Oderberg in Silesia , Temeschburg and Constana in Romania, as well as a trading office in downtown Prague .
In 1943, according to a chronicle of the city from the same year, the Kallas plant in Schmiedeberg employed 400 people, processed 2,500 tons of raw fish, 300 tons of onions, 130 tons of salt, 300 tons of cucumbers and 200,000 liters of vinegar every year. Together with the smaller E. Lienert fish factory in Schmiedeberg, Kalla received 280 Waggon fish per year, mainly herring. The company's metal division produced a million cans annually. Kalla's advertising slogan was: "Every child, every day a kipper".
Population development
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Culture and sights
Museums
- Museum of the air battle over the Ore Mountains on September 11, 1944
Buildings
- Parish Church - "Archangel Michael"
- Markuskapelle - "Markössenherrgott"
- Ruins of the Schmiedeberg lime works (before 1831)
- Ruins of the charcoal store (19th century?) Of the former ironworks of Dorothea Schindler von Hohenwald and Puschhof (17th century)
Personalities
- Benedict Schmiedel (around 1570–1654), forester, imperial hammer master and administrator
- Oswald Hofmann (1890; † 1982 Munich), professor, artist, sculptor. Creator of the "Monument on the Schwedenheide" / Pomnik z "Rašeliniště smrti" (formerly the inscription on the stolen bronze plaque in the memorial stone: "Schwedengrab 1641 Totenheide") in Schmiedeberg and the "War Memorial" for those who fell in the First World War in the former Preßnitz cemetery Nikolaikirche. The latter memorial was restored and moved to the communal grave of the deceased from Preßnitz, Reischdorf and Dörnsdorf in the Weipert forest cemetery around 1974. See also: Prague Secession # members . The "Totenheide" with the memorial stone is located on the road just before the entrance to Böhmisch Hammer (České Hamry) near Weipert .
literature
- Julius Schlosser: Local knowledge and address book of the market town of Schmiedeberg . Schmiedeberg 1923 ( digitized version )
- Franz Ambrosius Reuss : Lead and silver mining near Schmiedeberg . In: Mineralogical and mining remarks on Bohemia . Christian Friedrich Himburg, Berlin 1801, p. 609-611 ( digitized version ).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/563137/Kovarska
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ Various authors (including Stanislav Ded): Přísečnice - zatopena, ale nezapomenuta / Preßnitz - lost but not forgotten ; Anthology, Regional Museum Chomutov, 2004, without ISBN., Governor Samson Schindler von Hohenwald and Puschhof and his wife Dorothea p. 21/111 (Czech / German)
- ↑ Various authors (including Stanislav Ded): Přísečnice - zatopena, ale nezapomenuta / Preßnitz - lost but not forgotten ; Anthology, Regional Museum Chomutov, 2004, without ISBN., Monument on the Schwedenheide near Schmiedeberg by Oswald Hofmann p. 22/23/105 (Czech / German)
- ↑ Bernd Schreiter : Forays through the history of the Upper Ore Mountains , Erzgebirgsmuseum Annaberg-Buchholz, issue 14, page 5.
- ^ Working committee of the Schmiedeberger (ed.): Ortskunde with address book of the market community Schmiedeberg 1923 , Julius Schlosser, facsimile reprint of January 1st, 1985.
- ↑ Tourism and various postcards from Schmiedeberg from the 1930s
- ^ Museum of the air battle over the Ore Mountains
- ↑ Gerhard Kreißl in: Mein Erzgebirg ', No. 685, October 2011, 58th year
- ^ Anton Schönherr (1904–1988), house number 472, German and Czech speaking office worker, previously head of the canned fish branch Kallas in Prague
- ↑ Josef Spinler, Brief local history of the Preßnitz district , 1943
- ↑ Historický lexikon obcí České republiky - 1869-2015. Český statistický úřad, December 18, 2015, accessed on January 17, 2016 (Czech).
- ↑ Various authors (including Stanislav Ded): Přísečnice - zatopena, ale nezapomenuta / Preßnitz - lost but not forgotten ; Anthology, Chomutov Regional Museum, 2004, no ISBN. Illustration of the monument on the Schwedenheide near Schmiedeberg, p. 23 (Czech / German).
- ↑ "dead Heide" near Schmiedeberg on a German school map .