List of geotopes in the Passau district

This list contains the geotopes of the Lower Bavarian district of Passau in Bavaria . The list contains the official names and numbers of the Bavarian State Office for the Environment (LfU) as well as their geographical location. This list may not be complete. Around 3,400 geotopes (as of March 2020) are recorded in the Bavarian geotope register. The LfU does not consider some geotopes suitable for publication on the Internet. For example, some objects are not safely accessible or may only be entered to a limited extent for other reasons.

Surname	image	Geotope ID	Municipality / location	Geological unit of space	description	Area m² / extension m	geology	Digestion type	value	Protection status	comment
Merckenschlager S quarry in Fürstenstein		275A001	Fürstenstein position	Passau Forest	The former quarry shows various forms of intrusion of younger granites (Tittlinger and Saldenburg granite) into the older quartz mica diorite in an unusually high contrast. The penetration of the granites in a broad front and in corridors has led to different contact phenomena with decomposition into clods, partial, marginal and complete assimilation of the diorite by the granites. The various contact phenomena can be seen impressively in the break.	8400 120 × 70	Type: Contact, Rock Type: Quartz Diorite, Granite	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Former quarry Hilgersberg SE from Philippswart		275A002	Hofkirchen position	Passau Forest	In the former quarry, migmatic gneiss is exposed. Different stages of migmatization, i.e. the partial to complete re-melting of the gneiss, can be studied there. The gneisses show z. T. Loss of texture, a separation of the darker and lighter mineral components and a streaky structure. The end product is massive, granite-like rocks.	1950 65 × 30	Type: Rock Type: Gneiss	Quarry	significant	Landscape protection area, FFH area
Former quarry at Wimhof		275A003	Vilshofen position	Passau Forest	In the heavily overgrown quarry, migmatic gneisses, dolomite marbles, granitoids (aplitic to pegmatitic) and calcareous silicate horn rocks are exposed. The quarry is known for its formerly rich mineral finds linked to contact paragenesis. Today the mineral paragenesis can only be seen in the handpiece in the microscopic range.	300 30 × 10	Type: Minerals, Contact, Metamorphic Structure Type: Gneiss, Marble	Quarry	precious	Landscape protection area, FFH area
Rathsmannsdorf marble quarry		275A004	Windorf position	Passau Forest	In the eastern part of the quarry, a coarse, gray-white, banded marble is exposed. Granite-like rocks can be found in contact with the marble as lenses and ribbons. The rocks are folded and deformed. Almost only the upper level of the quarry is accessible. Access to the lower walls is made difficult by a pond. The western part of the quarry is now a material store.	800 40 × 20	Type: rock type, contact, fold / trough / saddle type: marble, anatexite	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Former marble quarry Hausbach ESE von Zeitlarn		275A005	Vilshofen position	Passau Forest	In the partially collapsed and overgrown quarry there is a graphite-rich, banded marble. Calcium silicate rock lenses are embedded at the edge. The banding of the marble (falling 50 degrees N) is evident from the weathering on the old quarry walls. The starting material for the metamorphic rock was a marly, organic sediment.	150 30 × 5	Type: Rock Type , Contact Type: Marble, Granite	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Quarry Buchet E von Fürstenstein		275A006	Fürstenstein position	Passau Forest	In the former quarry, various granites and diorites of the Fürstenstein granite massif are exposed in contact with one another. Among other things, a very fine-grained diorite with titanium stain formation (= titanium stain diorite) and fine to medium-grained Tittlingen granite can be seen. The rocks are traversed by different generations of aplitic and pegmatitic dikes. The break serves as a sculptor's exhibition area (stone and metal sculptures).	1600 80 × 20	Type: Rock Type: Diorite, Granite	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Former quarry W of Kalkberg		275A007	Fürstenzell position	Isar-Inn hill country	In the Kalkberg quarry, the only Jura profile on the southern border of the upcoming Moldanubic is exposed. The adjacent Kalkberger disturbance causes a steep section up to overturning of the layers. The crystalline rocks north of the fault are not exposed in the fracture. The rocks of the Jura can be seen: crinoid limestone (Dogger beta), marl and limestone marl (Malm alpha) and pebble limestone (Malm beta).	4000 100 × 40	Type: Standard / Reference Profile, Disturbance Type: Limestone	Quarry	especially valuable	no protected area
Former quarry N of Grögöd		275A010	Untergriesbach position	Passau Forest	In the former quarry, gneisses from the so-called Kropfmühl series (colorful group) and gangue granite are to be found. The gneisses are heavily folded, anatectic overprinted and contain abundant deposits of calcium silicate, amphibolite, metacarbonate and ultrabasite. The gneisses are covered or penetrated by fine-grain granite. The granite partially has reddish andalusite needles. The structure, mineralization and contact phenomena can be clearly observed on the fracture walls and blocks.	3400 85 × 40	Type: rock type, metamorphic structure, contact type: amphibolite, granite	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Molasse outcrop S from Kößlarn		275A011	Kößlarn position	Isar-Inn hill country	The exposure shows the lower Oncophora layers (brackish water molasses) with flour sands, the Schill horizon and mica sands. The exposed layer structure shows the transition from the deeper, coastal to the shallow littoral sedimentation area. The outgrowth is of great importance for understanding the silting process of the brackish water molasses.	200 20 × 10	Type: Layer sequence, Animal fossils, Sedimentary structures Type: Sand	Gravel pit / sand pit	precious	no protected area
Gneiss blocks NW from Hacklmühle		275A013	Ortenburg position	Isar-Inn hill country	The gneiss blocks mark the south-westerly occurrence of the Moldanubian basement in this area. They were raised at the Wolfach fault compared to the Ortenburg subsidence field. The gneiss blocks lying on the meadow near the swimming pool come from road construction. There are more gneiss blocks in the embankment.	2 2 × 1	Type: fault, rock type, relict rock type: cordierite-sillimanite-gneiss	block	precious	no protected area
Kerber SW quarry from Stützersdorf		275A017	Tittling position	Passau Forest	In the quarry, Tittlinger and Saldenburger granite are exposed to cold contact. The northern part of the break (Kerber company) has now been abandoned. On the lowest level there is a lake (used as diving water). The contact between the older fine to medium-grained Tittlinger and the younger, coarse-grained Saldenburg granite can be seen in large blocks. The southern part of the break (Kusserwerk Höhenberg) is still active. Contact is currently open there (2003).	12500 250 × 50	Type: Rock type, Minerals Type: Alkali feldspar granite	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Former Kohlbruch SE from Obernzell		275A018	Untergriesbach position	Passau Forest	Gümbel first described the pseudofossil Eozoon Bavaricum in the former marble quarry. In fact, it is a regulated intergrowth of forsterite and calcite, known as ophicalcite. A cavity in the quarry wall comes from a former pegmatite, from which feldspar and scapolite were extracted.	800 40 × 20	Type: Minerals, Rock Type: Marble, Gneiss, Pegmatite	Quarry	precious	Nature reserve, FFH area
Former quarry in Spiesbrunn		275A020	Breitenberg position	Passau Forest	In the quarry, an approx. 5 m thick storage corridor made of fine-grain granite that penetrated between migmatitic gneisses with metabasic inclusions was excavated. The excavation followed the granite-gneiss bearing surface. This contact area - a cold, sharp contact - is exposed over several hundred square meters. This base surface shows gneiss with a fibrous structure, the layers of light and dark components dissolve in streaks up to a random structure.	4800 120 × 40	Type: Contact, Metamorphic Structure Type: Granite, Gneiss	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Road profile N from Spechting		275A021	Untergriesbach position	Passau Forest	The road cut above Spechting opens up a profile through the so-called colorful group of the Moldanubic. In the colorful group there are various other metamorphic rocks such as amphibolite, marble, calcium silicate rock and graphite slate in addition to the paragneiss. At Spechting, layer gneisses (partially folded isoclinally) with layers of graphite slate and calcareous silicate rocks are developed. A porphyrite storage tunnel cuts through the rocks (horizontal band a few meters above the ground).	1000 200 × 5	Type: Type of rock, sequence of layers, metamorphic structure Type: biotite-plagioclase-gneiss, metamorphic calcium silicate rock	embankment	precious	no protected area
Amphibolite at the summit of the Ruhmannsberg NE von Röhrendobel		275A022	Hauzenberg position	Passau Forest	The summit of the Ruhmannsberg is formed by a small rock cliff made of amphibolite. Two different varieties are open: a fine-grained and a coarse-grained amphibolite, which are forfeited with one another. Some of the rocks also have a layered appearance with light and dark bands. Basic volcanic rocks can be used as starting rocks for the amphibolites. A rib made of fine-grain granite is exposed just a little north of the summit.	100 10 × 10	Type: Rock Type: Amphibolite	Rock slope / cliff	significant	no protected area
Sand pit NE of Hirschenberg		275A023	Wegscheid position	Passau Forest	In the sand pit, deeply weathered diatexites (partially melted gneiss) are exposed under an approx. 2 m thick layer of walking rubble made of granite and diorite. The rocks are completely decomposed over the entire outcrop, so that they can be mined like sand. The structural features of the rock, such as B. the cleft network, but are completely preserved. The gneiss substitute is evidence of intense chemical weathering during the Tertiary.	30 15 × 2	Type: Rock type: Gneiss gravel, granite, diorite	Gravel pit / sand pit	significant	no protected area
Road exposure in Breitenberg		275A024	Breitenberg position	Passau Forest	The road outcrop in Breitenberg gives an insight into the different structures of a migmatite with numerous gneiss relics (= nebulitic gneiss). Open-minded is z. B. a migmatite with a random structure that has penetrated as mobilisate between small gneiss clods. In the course of the geological history of these rocks, feldspar sprouting occurred to varying degrees. A narrow granite corridor can be seen at the northern end of the embankment.	40 40 × 1	Type: Rock type, Metamorphic structure Type: Migmatite	embankment	significant	no protected area
Former marl pit NE Neuhofen		275A025	Tettenweis position	Isar-Inn hill country	Today's outcrop near Neuhofen, a cut on the valley flank, lies directly in the area of the former marl pit, which gave the name of the marl succession of the Neuhofen layers (type locality). The Neuhofen layers, sediments of the Upper Sea Molasse, consist of light gray-white marls, silts and sand marls. Macrofossils, especially mussel shells, and microfauna are evidence of the marine deposit environment. The pit is type locality for some microfossils.	18 6 × 3	Type: Type locality, Animal fossils Type: Marl	Clay pit / clay pit / marl pit	precious	no protected area
Former granite quarry in Büchlberg		275A032	Büchlberg position	Passau Forest	In the former quarry on Büchlberg, fine to medium-grain two-mica granite (corresponds to Hauzenberger Granite I) was once mined. The rock, which is greyish-white when fresh, has a slightly yellowish smell. On the exposed walls you can see that the weathering has penetrated to different depths. The granite quarry, framed on all sides by the remaining walls, on the deepest floor of which there is a lake today, is a natural monument and is located in a landscape conservation area.	10000 100 × 100	Type: Rock Type: Granite	Quarry	significant	Natural monument, landscape protection area
Lime silicate rocks SW of Schörgendorf		275A033	Thyrnau position	Passau Forest	At the lower end of the trench, which reaches the Danube at river kilometer 2218, a small rock wall opens up banded calcium silicate rocks with numerous metamorphic structures. The rock shows a tight, narrow band. Occasionally, isoclinal folds can be seen. Quartz and amphibolite appear as crooks or elongated lenses. Small aplit passages cut through the layered structure. The outcrop is somewhat overgrown and therefore not easily accessible during the vegetation phase.	40 20 × 2	Type: Rock type, metamorphic structure Type: Calcium silicate rock, gneiss, aplite	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Nature reserve, FFH area
Former quarry N von Schauberg		275A034	Sun position	Passau Forest	Fine to medium-grain biotite granite was mined in the former quarry. The northern wall of the quarry opens up an approx. 1 m thick dark porphyrite dike. The porphyrite is sometimes very bright. The corridor was only partially dismantled. Therefore, the noticeably different fracture behavior of granite (extensive network of fissures, large blocks) and porphyrite (close-meshed network of fissures, small-block, sharp-edged rubble) can be clearly seen on the wall.	900 30 × 30	Type: rock type, contact type: granite, andesite	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Quarry at Ochsenberg S von Fürstenstein		275A037	Fürstenstein position	Passau Forest	In the quarry at Ochsenberg, the multiphase penetration of magmas of various compositions can be seen particularly well on the basis of different appearances and colors. The Tittlingen granite (medium gray) breaks down the titanite patch granodiorite (dark gray) into rounded clods. When both types of rock had solidified, biotite-muscovite granite (light gray) penetrated and split the older rocks into angular clods. Younger, bright aplites and pegmatites cut through all older rocks. The quarry is privately owned and can be viewed on weekdays after registering in the company office (Thiele).	15000 150 × 100	Type: Igneous structure, type locality, type of rock Type: granodiorite, aplite, pegmatite	Quarry	precious	no protected area
Road embankment SE Weiding		275A038	Neukirchen in front of the forest position	Passau Forest	This area is characterized by relatively light-colored diatexites, which have green hornblende and amphibolite clods.	9801 99 × 99	Type: Rock type, metamorphic structure Type: Migmatite, amphibolite	embankment	significant	no protected area
Schachet quarry - Hauzenberg granite center	more pictures	275A039	Hauzenberg position	Passau Forest	In the Schachet quarry, blue-gray Hauzenberg granodiorite was mined from 1885 to 1984 and marketed worldwide. Today the granite center of the Bavarian Forest is located in this quarry. Radiometric dating of the rock from this fracture revealed an age of approximately 320 million years.	5000 100 × 50	Type: Rock, Quarry / Pit Type: Granodiorite	Quarry	precious	no protected area	Bavaria's most beautiful geotopes No. 89
Serpentinite exposure at Oberilzmühle		275A040	Salzweg position	Passau Forest	East of the Ilz is one of the rare outcrops of serpentinite at the dam of the electricity works and on the access road over a length of around 40 meters in rock exemptions and the road embankment. In the embankment, the pale green to whitish beige, heavily fissured rock is partly heavily weathered. In addition, fibrous chrysotile is also exposed. In the area of the dam, light beige to light gray Mylonites are exposed. These mylonites were created by movements at the Danube fault, during which the highly metamorphic diatexites were severely deformed with decreasing temperatures.	200 40 × 5	Type: metamorphic structure, rock type: serpentinite, mylonite	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Nature reserve, FFH area
Graphite mining in Kropfmühl		275G001	Hauzenberg position	Passau Forest	Germany's only graphite deposit is located near Kropfmühl. The field has an area of approx. 4 × 1 km. The graphite is mined underground in seams that are up to 6 m thick (graphite content up to 30 percent). The graphite occurs in the seams, as well as in the non-mineable adjacent rock (gneiss, marbles), as flakes up to 2 mm in size. The extraction of graphite has taken place since Celtic times.	0 not specified	Type: tunnel, shaft, steelworks / smelting furnace, minerals, rock type: Gneiss, marble	Tunnel / gallery / shaft	precious	no protected area
Mining traces near Haagwies and Pfaffenreuth		275G002	Hauzenberg position	Passau Forest	A large fracture field near Haagwies with dilapidated shafts, pings and heaps is evidence of brisk mining activity. Numerous individual mining sites were later combined into one field. The former network of tunnels is connected to the mining operations at Kropfmühl that are active today. The eternity tunnel is used for water retention. The wooden building of the Scherlesreuther shaft was renewed. Information boards explain the history of mining. Mining traces can also be found between Pfaffenreuth and Steinbichl (Stierweide mining field with large heaps) and near Pfaffenreuth (funnel pit field, before the 19th century).	37500 250 × 150	Type: Pinge / nfeld Type: biotite plagioclase gneiss, gneiss, calcium silicate rock	no information	significant	no protected area
Funnel pit field in the Steinkartforst N of Bad Griesbach		275G003	Bad Griesbach in the Rottal position	Isar-Inn hill country	So-called funnel pit fields can be found in several places in the stone kart forest as evidence of old iron ore mining. Funnel pits are round to oval, closed hollow shapes. Between them there are small walls and mounds made of the excavated material. Iron ore concretions were extracted from the pits, which are enriched in damming layers in the residual quartz gravel or at the top of the full gravel. The mining took place from about 250 BC. To 1200 AD. The funnel pit field is a ground monument.	10000 100 × 100	Type: Pinge field Type: Iron / manganese ore, gravel	no information	significant	Ground monument
Mining traces in the church wood N of Frauenmühle an der Gaißa		275G004	Tiefenbach position	Passau Forest	A breakdown on graphite has left impressive traces in the church wood N by Frauenmühle. Between about 350 and 390 m altitude, the slope (in the forest, directly at the tree line) shows a noticeably restless morphology. Between scattered funnel-shaped pits, the remains of collapsed shafts, piles of spoil pile up like irregular ridges. The former graphite mining in church wood is much further west than all other known mining traces in the Passau Forest.	8000 100 × 80	Type: Pinge / nfeld, Halde Type: Gneiss	no information	significant	no protected area
Grübenfeld gold mining near Eppendorf		275G005	Witzmannsberg position	Passau Forest	Up to 5 m high soap mounds in a Grübenfeld near Eppendorf are traces of a presumably medieval gold panning. The gold was washed from a paleo soap. A Tertiary Ur-Ilz brought gold from the Rachel area and deposited it. The largest gold nugget in Bavaria with a diameter of over one centimeter was found here recently. The property is under special protection as a ground monument (monument no. D-2-7246-0161).	308000 770 × 400	Type: Soap Laundry Type: Gravel	Ping	precious	Ground monument
Sulfur spring in Bad Höhenstadt		275Q001	Fürstenzell position	Isar-Inn hill country	Because of the two sulfur springs, east and west of the Kurhaus, the spa was built in Höhenstadt in 1713. Votive tablets show, however, that the effectiveness of the two sources was known long before. The sources are collected. They get their main inflow from a depth of 15 m. The genesis of these mineral waters has not yet been clarified. The spring water smells noticeably of hydrogen sulfide.	0 not specified	Type: Mineral Spring Type: Sand, Marl	no information	significant	no protected area
High stone W from Fürstenstein Castle		275R001	Fürstenstein position	Passau Forest	The summit cliffs made of Saldenburg granite show pronounced weathering of wool sacks and mattresses. There are several block streams at the foot of the rock castle. Cliffs and block currents are the results of erosion, especially through soil flow and weathering in the periglacial space (permafrost region) of the past cold ages. They are typical for higher elevations in the low mountain range between the icing areas.	4000 80 × 50	Type: Felsburg, Wollsackbildung, Blockstrom Type: Granite	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	no protected area
Boulder Hoher Stein SE from Höch		275R003	Neuburg am Inn position	Passau Forest	The large round boulder made of pearl gneiss lies at the edge of several fish ponds. The rock is medium to coarse-grained, flaky in layers with rounded cracks and mafic streaks (visible on the south side of the block). The location in a brook valley with flat slopes identifies the block as the erosion residue of a Pleistocene solifluctic blanket.	40 8 × 5	Type: Boulder Type: Gneiss, Granite	block	significant	no protected area
Mushrooms in the Steinkart E forest from Freiling		275R004	Haarbach position	Isar-Inn hill country	In the former gravel pit in residual quartz gravel (freshwater molasses), the hard quartz conglomerate bank above was undercut from three sides. The mushroom-like rock formation, the rock mushroom, emerged. The erosion process continues through erosion, so that currently the conglomerates (hat of the mushroom) protrude 3 to 4 m above the base (stem of the mushroom) from loose quartz gravel. The binding agent of this residual gravel is almost completely decomposed (kaolinized).	35 7 × 5	Type: rock wall / slope, eruption / weathering cave Type: conglomerate	Gravel pit / sand pit	significant	no protected area
Teufelsstein NE by Tittling		275R005	Tittling position	Passau Forest	According to legend, the boulder made of migmatic gneisses was used by the devil as a projectile on a new church building (handprint from weathered inclusions).	3 3 × 1	Type: Boulder Type: Gneiss	block	significant	no protected area
Vornbacher Enge NE of Vornbach	more pictures	275R006	Neuburg am Inn position	Passau Forest	The Vornbacher Enge is interpreted as a Pleistocene breakthrough valley. The valley of the Inn narrows noticeably at the border between young loose rock and crystalline basement. In the Pleistocene, the river cut epigenetically into the slowly rising crystalline.	54000 1800 × 30	Type: breakthrough valley Type: Gneiss	no information	significant	Landscape protection area, FFH area
Summit of the Eidenberger Lüssen NE from Eidenberg		275R007	Wegscheid position	Passau Forest	The summit of the Eidenberger Lüssen is built up from rocky cliffs that drop off steeply to the W from dietetic gneiss. Extensive block fields lie below the summit. The summit cliffs and boulder fields are the result of profound weathering in the Tertiary and increased erosion in the Pleistocene. In exposed locations, loosened material was removed down to the solid rock, thus exposing the cliffs. Loose blocks were transported down the slope by floor tiles.	8000 200 × 40	Type: Rock wall / slope, rocky dome Type: Gneiss	Slope crack / rock wall	significant	Landscape protection area
Hohler Fels N von Churfürst		275R008	Haarbach position	Isar-Inn hill country	A large quartz conglomerate block is pushed over other conglomerate blocks in such a way that a large cavity has been created underneath, which was used as a dry shelter by woodworkers. Through solifluction (soil flow) during the cold ages, the clods of rock moved from their original position a little higher on the slope to their current position. The geotope is on a marked hiking trail. There are other striking blocks in the area: Dragon, Dwarf Castle, Three Giants.	80 10 × 8	Type: Boulder, Rock type, Solifluction phenomenon Type: Conglomerate	block	significant	Natural monument
Teufelstein SW from Halmstein		275R009	Malching position	Isar-Inn hill country	The quartz conglomerate rib protrudes very conspicuously and isolated from the morphological ridge of the terrain. Former residual quartz gravel was largely silicified in the course of the diagenesis, so that today the rock consists almost exclusively of SiO ₂ . The layer surface of the steep block consists of quartzite (originally sandstone) and shows crater-like erosion forms.	40 8 × 5	Type: Boulder, Rock Type: Conglomerate	block	significant	Natural monument
Rock ensemble NE by Jochenstein on the Donauleite		275R010	Untergriesbach position	Passau Forest	On the banks of the Danube, several rock ribs made of eye and pearl gneiss protrude from the slope, each ending in steep cliffs (10 to 15 m). An almost right-angled system of fractures is responsible for the cuboid shape of the towers. The block flow between the ridges also consists of strikingly geometric gneiss blocks. The cliffs allow a fantastic view of the Kerbtal of the Danube and Jochenstein (cliffs below the hiking trail, beware of the risk of falling !!!).	400 20 × 20	Type: rock group, rock tower / needle, block flow Type: gneiss	Rock slope / cliff	precious	Nature reserve, FFH area
Rock face on the Donauleite SE of Obernzell		275R011	Untergriesbach position	Passau Forest	To the east of Passau, the Danube has cut deeply into the crystalline subsoil. The north bank of Bavaria is accompanied by the 200 to 300 m high steep slopes of the Danube side. In the outer area of river bends, on the impact slopes, these are particularly striking. The large rock face on the Prallhang SE of Obernzell (lower area blasted free for the road) opens up a profile through rocks of the colorful group with differently formed gneisses alternating with calcium silicate rock.	5000 100 × 50	Type: undercut slope, V-shaped valley, rock type: gneiss Kalksilikatfels	Slope crack / rock wall	precious	Nature reserve, FFH area
Rocks on the Aubach		275R012	Hauzenberg position	Passau Forest	In the exposed rock above the Aubache, there are light-colored, fine-grained, garnet-bearing rocks made of quartz and potassium feldspar, kyanite can be detected in isolated cases. These Felsic granulites show a high pressure metamorphosis around 340 Ma.	9801 99 × 99	Type: Rock wall / slope Type: Granulite	Rock slope / cliff	precious	no protected area
High moor in the Ranna valley		275R013	Hauzenberg position	Passau Forest	A raised bog grew up on the valley floor by the Ranna. Such oligotrophic bogs usually occur away from the valleys, predominantly fed by precipitation. The formation of the moor is here to be connected with a spring horizon on the edge of the valley.	50000 500 × 100	Type: raised bog Type: peat	no information	significant	FFH area
Gravel pit NE Kapfham		275A036	Eging at the lake position	Passau Forest	In this pit the base of the tertiary sediments is exposed over basement rock. The gneisses are badly weathered. The gravelly dominated sediment sequence begins with a horizon of blocky gneiss components (up to approx. 20 cm, now crumbling).	62700 330 × 190	Type: Type of rock, type of layers : gravel, gneiss gravel, gneiss	Gravel pit / sand pit	precious	no protected area